Abstract:
A control apparatus is disclosed for a diesel exhaust fluid injector located in an exhaust pipe of a diesel internal combustion engine. The control apparatus includes an electronic control unit configured to: energize a solenoid of the injector to perform a diesel exhaust fluid injection; determine an electric voltage value indicative of the electric voltage applied to the injector solenoid during the diesel exhaust fluid injection; determine an electric current value indicative of the electric current flowing through the injector solenoid during the diesel exhaust fluid injection; calculate an electric resistance value of the injector solenoid as a function of the determined electric voltage value and the electric current value; and estimate an injector temperature value as a function of the calculated electric resistance value.
Abstract:
A method of determining aging of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) in an engine exhaust system includes receiving a first sensor signal from a first nitrogen oxides (NOx) sensor positioned in exhaust flow upstream of the DOC. The first sensor signal is indicative of an amount of NOx in the exhaust flow upstream of the DOC. The method further includes receiving a second sensor signal from a second NOx sensor positioned in exhaust flow downstream of the DOC. The second sensor signal is indicative of an amount of NOx downstream of the DOC. A difference between the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal is calculated via a controller. A DOC aging level based on a predetermined correlation between the difference and DOC aging is then determined by the controller.
Abstract:
A quality control system analyzes the quality of a battery cell, with the battery cell defining a gas pouch configured to expand from a deflated configuration to an inflated configuration when filled with a gas formed during a cell formation process. The system comprises a computational system comprising a processor and a memory and a measurement instrument in electronic communication with the computational system. The measurement instrument is arranged to measure a distance defined by the gas pouch and transmit a signal to the computational system corresponding to the distance. The computational system is arranged to analyze the distance with the processor and determine a volumetric measurement of the gas within the gas pouch and compare the volumetric measurement to a threshold in the memory to assess a quality score for the battery cell. A corresponding method analyzes the quality of the battery cell with the quality control system.
Abstract:
Electrodes and batteries comprising such electrodes are provided. The electrodes include a current collector, and a coating on the current collector. The coating includes more than one layer that includes an active material. The coating also includes a first surface facing away from the current collector that has a maximum height (Sz) surface roughness of greater than 60 micrometers (μm), a maximum peak height (Sp) surface roughness of greater than 40 micrometers (μm), and an arithmetical mean height (Sa) surface roughness greater than 10 micrometers (μm).
Abstract:
Systems and methods are provided for building a product by additive manufacturing and creating hollow volumes without including build supports in the hollow volume for the layers above the hollow volume. An additive manufacturing cell includes a material handling device, a printer a material delivery system and an energy source to feed the sheets, print on the sheets, apply a powder on the printed sheets, build a hollow volume into the sheets and consolidate the sheets into a product with a contiguous structure.
Abstract:
Aspects of the disclosure include degas equipment and degassing process schemes for providing high throughput extraction of battery cell formation gas. An exemplary method can include loading a battery cell in a sampling chamber of a degas station and creating an opening in the battery cell to release formation gas. A first portion of the formation gas can be routed to a collection chamber of the degas station while the formation gas is prevented from venting. After routing the first portion of the formation gas to the collection chamber, a second portion of the formation gas can be vented until degassing is complete. The first portion of the formation gas can be diluted with a dilution fluid and the diluted first portion of the formation gas can be routed to a cell quality control gas manifold configured to measure battery cell formation gas compositions.
Abstract:
A method of analyzing the quality of a battery cell includes performing a high-throughput quality check on the battery cell with a quality control system, assessing a quality score to the battery cell, with quality score identifying the battery cell as low-quality or high-quality, and performing a comprehensive quality check on the battery cell if identified as low-quality. The method further includes assessing an enhanced quality score to the battery cell superseding the quality score of the quality control system identifying the battery cell as confirmed low-quality or confirmed high-quality and providing revised production instructions for manufacturing successive battery cells if confirmed low-quality.
Abstract:
A quality control system analyzes the quality of a battery cell, with the battery cell defining a gas pouch configured to expand from a deflated configuration to an inflated configuration when filled with a gas formed during a cell formation process. The system comprises a computational system comprising a processor and a memory and a measurement instrument in electronic communication with the computational system. The measurement instrument is arranged to measure a distance defined by the gas pouch and transmit a signal to the computational system corresponding to the distance. The computational system is arranged to analyze the distance with the processor and determine a volumetric measurement of the gas within the gas pouch and compare the volumetric measurement to a threshold in the memory to assess a quality score for the battery cell. A corresponding method analyzes the quality of the battery cell with the quality control system.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating an anode for a lithium ion battery cell is described and includes forming a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on a raw anode prior to assembly into a battery cell by applying a first SEI-generating electrolyte to the raw anode to form a first intermediate anode, applying a second SEI-generating electrolyte to the first intermediate anode to form a second intermediate anode, and applying a third SEI-generating electrolyte to the second intermediate anode to form a cell anode, wherein the cell anode includes the raw anode having the SEI layer. Thus, a cell anode is formed by sequentially applying SEI-generating electrolytes to a raw anode to form the cell anode with an SEI layer, and a lithium ion battery cell is formed by assembling the cell anode into a cell pack, with a cathode, and a separator, and adding a cell electrolyte prior to sealing.
Abstract:
A method of managing a selective catalytic reduction system of a motor vehicle. During a first predetermined time period, a plurality of functionality checks of the sensor are performed for identifying if the sensor is able to provide a reliable measurement of the ammonia concentration. During the same first predetermined time period, a plurality of values of the ammonia concentration in the diesel exhaust fluid is measured by the sensor. A maintenance inducement strategy of the selective catalytic reduction system is activated if each of the values of the ammonia concentration measured during the first predetermined time period is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, and if each of the functionality checks of the sensor performed during the same first predetermined time period identifies that the sensor is able to provide a reliable measurement of the ammonia concentration.