公开(公告)号：US08891971B1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-18

申请号：US13630709

申请日：2012-09-28

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Hong Liu ,  Ryohei Urata ,  Christopher L. Johnson

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04B10/801 ,  H04Q2011/0035 ,  H04Q2011/0049 ,  H04Q2213/1301

Abstract: Implementations of an apparatus including an optical circuit switch (OCS) having a plurality of OCS input/output ports, at least one optical circulator having a port optically coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of OCS input/output ports and a reflection mitigation positioned in the optical path between each optical circulator port and its corresponding OCS input/output port and/or in the optical path inside the OCS. A corresponding optical transceiver is optically coupled to each of the at least one optical circulators. Each optical transceiver includes a transmitter optically coupled to one port of the optical circulator and a receiver optically coupled to another port of the optical circulator.

Abstract translation: 包括具有多个OCS输入/输出端口的光电路开关（OCS）的装置的实现方式，至少一个具有光耦合到多个OCS输入/输出端口中对应的一个OCS输入/输出端口的端口的光环行器， 在每个光环行器端口与其对应的OCS输入/输出端口之间的光路中和/或在OCS内的光路中。 相应的光收发器光耦合到至少一个光循环器中的每一个。 每个光收发器包括光耦合到光循环器的一个端口的发射器和光耦合到光环行器的另一个端口的接收器。

公开(公告)号：US09614619B1

公开(公告)日：2017-04-04

申请号：US14678227

申请日：2015-04-03

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Zuowei Shen ,  Jamyuen Ko ,  Melanie Beauchemin ,  Hong Liu ,  Ryohei Urata

IPC: H04B10/40

CPC classification number: H04B10/40

Abstract: The present disclosure discusses an improved optical transceiver. The optical transceiver of the present disclosure includes an optical transmitter and an optical receiver that are spatially separated. In some implementations, the optical receiver and optical transmitter are staggered from one another. Each of the optical receiver and the optical transmitter and housed within a separate optical lens. In some implementations, the separation of the components reduces mechanical, thermal, and electrical cross talk between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver. The separation of the components can also ease the constraints of the optical alignment between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver and each of their respective lenses.

公开(公告)号：US20160119696A1

公开(公告)日：2016-04-28

申请号：US14986016

申请日：2015-12-31

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Ryohei Urata ,  Hong Liu ,  Amin Vahdat ,  Christopher Lyle Johnson ,  Junlan Zhou ,  Alexander Shraer

IPC: H04Q11/00

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  G06F13/4022 ,  H04Q11/0062 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0052 ,  Y02D10/14 ,  Y02D10/151

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing bandwidth in a computer network are provided. A computer network can include a first lower level switch, first and second upper level switches, and first and second passive optical splitters, and a mirror. The first passive optical splitter can have a first port directly coupled to the first upper level switch, a second port directly coupled to the second upper level switch. The second passive optical splitter can have a port directly coupled to a port of the first passive optical splitter, and a port directly coupled to the first lower level switch. The mirror can be coupled to a port of the second passive optical splitter and reflect an optical signal received from the second passive optical splitter to the first upper level switch and second upper level switch through the second passive optical splitter and the first passive optical splitter.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于增加计算机网络带宽的系统和方法。 计算机网络可以包括第一下级开关，第一和第二上级开关以及第一和第二无源分光器以及反射镜。 第一无源分光器可以具有直接耦合到第一上级开关的第一端口，直接耦合到第二上级开关的第二端口。 第二无源光分路器可以具有直接耦合到第一无源分光器的端口的端口，以及直接耦合到第一下级开关的端口。 反射镜可以耦合到第二无源光分路器的端口，并且将从第二无源光分路器接收的光信号反射到通过第二无源分光器和第一无源分光器的第一上级开关和第二上级开关。

公开(公告)号：US20160080103A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-17

申请号：US14947116

申请日：2015-11-20

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Bikash Koley ,  Vijayanand Vusirikala ,  Hong Liu

IPC: H04J14/02 ,  H04L12/859 ,  H04L12/851 ,  H04Q11/00

CPC classification number: H04J14/026 ,  H04L5/0008 ,  H04L5/0028 ,  H04L25/0262 ,  H04L27/0008 ,  H04L41/5022 ,  H04L47/2425 ,  H04L47/2475 ,  H04Q11/0003 ,  H04Q11/0066 ,  H04Q2011/0084

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for application layer optimization in a modem data network. The optimization incorporates variable rate transmission across one or more optical data channels. Data throughput is maximized by enabling quality of service profiles on a per transmission channel basis. According to one aspect, a system is provided in which the application layer is aware of and controls the underlying transmission rate and quality of the transmission. This enables the system to fully utilize the transmission capacity of the channel. The application layer may map different applications to different transmission classes of service. The services can be classified based on data throughput rate, guaranteed error rates, latency and cost, among other criteria. This provides flexibility to the application layer to map some loss tolerant applications to a lower cost (per bit) transmission class.

Abstract translation: 为调制解调器数据网络中的应用层优化提供了设备和方法。 优化结合了一个或多个光数据通道的可变速率传输。 通过在每个传输通道的基础上实现服务质量的质量来最大化数据吞吐量。 根据一个方面，提供了一种系统，其中应用层知道并控制传输的底层传输速率和质量。 这使得系统能够充分利用信道的传输容量。 应用层可以将不同的应用映射到不同的传输级别的服务。 服务可以根据数据吞吐率，保证的错误率，延迟和成本以及其他标准进行分类。 这为应用层提供了灵活性，将一些容错应用映射到较低成本（每位）传输类。

公开(公告)号：US09167322B1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-20

申请号：US14301555

申请日：2014-06-11

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Xiaoxue Zhao ,  Bikash Koley ,  Vijay Vusirikala ,  Edward Crabbe ,  Paul Phillip Germano ,  Hong Liu ,  Philip Michael Wells

IPC: H04Q11/00 ,  H04B10/2575

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04B10/2575 ,  H04Q2011/0013 ,  H04Q2011/0032 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/006

Abstract: A packet switch/router including a first stage switch fabric receiving an electrical signal, a mid-stage buffer receiving and storing the electrical signal from the first stage switch fabric, and a second stage switch fabric receiving the electrical signal from the mid-stage buffer. Each switch fabric includes N layers of N×N arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), and each AWG has ingress ports and egress ports. A wavelength tunable device, such as a tunable laser, communicates with a source ingress port of an AWG and converts the received electrical signal to an optical signal having a wavelength selected for routing a packet from the source ingress port to a target egress port of the arrayed waveguide grating. A photoreceiver, such as a burst-mode photoreceiver, receives the propagated optical signal from the target egress port and converts the optical signal to the electrical signal.

Abstract translation: 包括接收电信号的第一级交换结构的分组交换机/路由器，接收并存储来自第一级交换结构的电信号的中间缓冲器以及从中间级缓冲器接收电信号的第二级交换机结构 。 每个交换结构包括N层N×N阵列波导光栅（AWG），每个AWG具有入口端口和出口端口。 诸如可调激光器的波长可调设备与AWG的源入口端口进行通信，并将接收到的电信号转换为具有选择的波长的光信号，以将数据包从源入口端口路由到目标出口端口 阵列波导光栅。 诸如突发模式光接收器的光接收器从目标出口接收传播的光信号，并将光信号转换为电信号。

公开(公告)号：US20140219655A1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-07

申请号：US14250969

申请日：2014-04-11

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Bikash Koley ,  Vijayanand Vusirikala ,  Hong Liu

IPC: H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/06

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04B10/5051 ,  H04B10/5053 ,  H04B10/5161 ,  H04B10/541 ,  H04B10/5561 ,  H04J3/04 ,  H04J3/0602 ,  H04J3/0685 ,  H04J14/0279 ,  H04J14/0298 ,  H04J14/06 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L27/36 ,  H04Q2011/0045 ,  H04Q2213/13361

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide transmitters and receivers for managing multiple optical signals. High order modulation, such as phase and/or amplitude modulation, is used to achieve multiple bits per symbol by transporting multiple asynchronous data streams in an optical transport system. One or more supplemental multiplexing techniques such as time division multiplexing, polarization multiplexing and sub-carrier multiplexing may be used in conjunction with the high order modulation processing. This may be done in various combinations to realize a highly spectrally efficient multi-data stream transport mechanism. The system receives a number of asynchronous signals which are unframed and synchronized, and then reframed and tagged prior to the high order modulation. Differential encoding may also be performed. Upon reception of the multiplexed optical signal, the receiver circuitry may employ either direct detection without a local oscillator or coherent detection with a local oscillator.

Abstract translation: 本发明的各方面提供用于管理多个光信号的发射机和接收机。 高阶调制（例如相位和/或幅度调制）用于通过在光学传输系统中传送多个异步数据流来实现每个符号的多个位。 可以结合高阶调制处理使用一个或多个补充复用技术，例如时分复用，偏振复用和副载波复用。 这可以以各种组合来实现，以实现高频谱效率的多数据流传输机制。 系统接收多个异步信号，这些异步信号是非帧和同步的，然后在高阶调制之前被重构和标记。 也可以执行差分编码。 在接收到复用的光信号时，接收机电路可以采用无本地振荡器的直接检测或与本地振荡器的相干检测。

公开(公告)号：US20170201330A1

公开(公告)日：2017-07-13

申请号：US14991826

申请日：2016-01-08

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Xiang Zhou ,  Ryohei Urata ,  Erji Mao ,  Hong Liu ,  Christopher Lyle Johnson

IPC: H04B10/69

CPC classification number: H04B10/6971 ,  H04B10/697

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for mitigating the effects of interference signals on optical signals received at a direct-detection optical receivers. The optical receivers are capable of attenuating interference noise signals resulting from the interference between a transmitted optical signal transmitted from a transmitter to the optical receiver and one or more additional signals received at the optical receiver. The interference can be due to multi-path interference or due to in-band interference. The receivers include a tunable filter for filtering the received optical signal to remove the interference. A frequency offset module processes the received optical signal to determine a frequency offset indicative of the difference between the carrier frequencies of a modulated optical signal and an interference optical signal. The offset frequency and a bandwidth determined by the frequency offset module can be used to adjust the tunable filter to remove the interference signal from the received signal.

公开(公告)号：US09473833B2

公开(公告)日：2016-10-18

申请号：US14986016

申请日：2015-12-31

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Ryohei Urata ,  Hong Liu ,  Amin Vahdat ,  Christopher Lyle Johnson ,  Junlan Zhou ,  Alexander Shraer

IPC: H04Q11/00 ,  G06F13/40

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  G06F13/4022 ,  H04Q11/0062 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0052 ,  Y02D10/14 ,  Y02D10/151

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing bandwidth in a computer network are provided. A computer network can include a first lower level switch, first and second upper level switches, and first and second passive optical splitters, and a mirror. The first passive optical splitter can have a first port directly coupled to the first upper level switch, a second port directly coupled to the second upper level switch. The second passive optical splitter can have a port directly coupled to a port of the first passive optical splitter, and a port directly coupled to the first lower level switch. The mirror can be coupled to a port of the second passive optical splitter and reflect an optical signal received from the second passive optical splitter to the first upper level switch and second upper level switch through the second passive optical splitter and the first passive optical splitter.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于增加计算机网络带宽的系统和方法。 计算机网络可以包括第一下级开关，第一和第二上级开关以及第一和第二无源分光器以及反射镜。 第一无源分光器可以具有直接耦合到第一上级开关的第一端口，直接耦合到第二上级开关的第二端口。 第二无源光分路器可以具有直接耦合到第一无源分光器的端口的端口，以及直接耦合到第一下级开关的端口。 反射镜可以耦合到第二无源光分路器的端口，并且将从第二无源光分路器接收的光信号反射到通过第二无源分光器和第一无源分光器的第一上级开关和第二上级开关。

公开(公告)号：US09185475B1

公开(公告)日：2015-11-10

申请号：US14519836

申请日：2014-10-21

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Hong Liu ,  Ryohei Urata ,  Christopher L. Johnson

IPC: H04B10/00 ,  H04Q11/00

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04B10/801 ,  H04Q2011/0035 ,  H04Q2011/0049 ,  H04Q2213/1301

Abstract: Implementations of an apparatus including an optical circuit switch (OCS) having a plurality of OCS input/output ports, at least one optical circulator having a port optically coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of OCS input/output ports and a reflection mitigation positioned in the optical path between each optical circulator port and its corresponding OCS input/output port and/or in the optical path inside the OCS. A corresponding optical transceiver is optically coupled to each of the at least one optical circulators. Each optical transceiver includes a transmitter optically coupled to one port of the optical circulator and a receiver optically coupled to another port of the optical circulator.

Abstract translation: 包括具有多个OCS输入/输出端口的光电路开关（OCS）的设备的实施方式，至少一个光环行器，其具有光耦合到多个OCS输入/输出端口中对应的一个OCS输入/输出端口的端口， 在每个光环行器端口与其对应的OCS输入/输出端口之间的光路中和/或OCS内的光路中。 相应的光收发器光耦合到至少一个光循环器中的每一个。 每个光收发器包括光耦合到光循环器的一个端口的发射器和光耦合到光环行器的另一个端口的接收器。

公开(公告)号：US09008510B1

公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

申请号：US14157964

申请日：2014-01-17

Applicant: Google Inc.

Inventor： Xiaoxue Zhao ,  Amin Vahdat ,  Hong Liu

IPC: H04J14/00 ,  H04B10/08 ,  H04J3/14 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04L12/933

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04L49/1515 ,  H04Q2011/0007 ,  H04Q2011/0024

Abstract: Embodiments provide a methodology for designing a large-scale non-blocking OCS using a multi-stage folded CLOS switch architecture for use in datacenter networks and fiber-rich backbone network POPs. One aspect employs a folded CLOS architecture because of its ease of implementation, enabling the topology to scale arbitrarily with increasing number of stages. The fraction of ports allocated for internal switch wiring (overhead) also increases with the number of stages. Design decisions are made to carefully optimize the insertion loss per module, number of ports per module, number of stages and the total scale required. Other embodiments include folded CLOS switch architectures having at least two stages. In one example, power monitoring may be included only on the leaf switches.