摘要:
In a method of synthesizing an optical signal, a multi-bit digital representation of a desired optical E-field is generated. The multi-bit digital representation has a resolution of N1-bits, where N1 is an integer greater than 2. At least two analog drive signals are synthesized based on the multi-bit digital representation. Each analog drive signal exhibits excursions between 2M discrete states (i.e. has a resolution of M-bits), where M is an integer greater than 2. An electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter is driven using the analog drive signals to generate an output optical E-field at an output of the E/O converter. An error is detected between the output optical E-field and the desired complex E-field waveform, and at least one parameter adjusted so as to minimize the detected error.
摘要:
A stent graft system for intraluminal deployment in an aorta and a branch vessel that includes an aorta stent graft for deployment within the aorta and defining a lumen for the passage of blood therethrough, and having a fenestration positioned and sized so as to allow blood to flow to a contiguous branch vessel. The system also includes a branch vessel prosthesis, preferably a stent graft, having a tubular portion and a flaring portion, such that, when deployed, the flaring portion is located within the lumen of the aorta stent graft and the tubular portion passes through the fenestration and into the branch vessel. A balloon expansion catheter expands the tubular portion and flare the flaring portion. The expansion of the tubular portion and the flaring of the flaring portion may occur sequentially or simultaneously.
摘要:
An optical communications system is adapted for connection to an optical fiber link of an optical communications network. The system obtains a fiber identifier respecting the optical fiber link; a respective optimum setting of one or more parameters of the optical communications system; and adjusts a respective value of each parameter in accordance with the respective optimum setting. The fiber identifier can be obtained from a value of at least one fiber transmission property of the optical fiber link. The fiber transmission property value is used to search a look-up table of class definitions, each class definition including a respective class identifier and at least one corresponding characteristic transmission property value. A class identifier is selected as the fiber identifier from the class definition for which each characteristic transmission property value most closely matches a corresponding fiber transmission property value. Each class definition may also include an optimum setting for each parameter.
摘要:
An apparatus for providing liquid cooling to high power high capacity, switching, transport and processing equipment is disclosed. The electronics of such equipment is typically contained in metal electronics modules, with the heat being directed to the walls of the modules. A pair of cooling plates with integral coolant flow through is pressed against the metal module walls with pressure. The cooling plates remain part of the shelf and the metal electronics modules can be removed for repair, exchange or upgrade.
摘要:
A digital instruction is generated regarding one or more electrical-to-optical conversion impairments induced at the transmitter of an optical communication system. The digital instruction may be used by the transmitter to reduce the impairments. Alternatively, or additionally, the digital instruction may be used by the receiver of the optical communication system to compensate for the impairments.
摘要:
A method of modulating an optical carrier. A target carrier modulation is computed based on an input data signal. An effective length of an optical modulator is then controlled based on the target carrier modulation.
摘要:
A method of modulating an optical carrier. A target carrier modulation is computed based on an input data signal. An effective length of an optical modulator is then controlled based on the target carrier modulation.
摘要:
A synchronizer/de-synchronizer maps continuous format signals of an arbitrary rate into frames of pre-selected single common rate, such as SONET frames, with no bite changed and very little jitter or wander added. In this way, the continuous format signal may be carried transparently as a tributary of a SONET network. Each frame comprises a definite number of fixed stuff bits, including transport overhead bits and reminder fixed stuff bits. A frame also comprises an adjustable number of adaptive stuff bits, resulting from the phase difference between the arbitrary rate and the common rate. A mapping function is performed in a tributary unit shelf of a SONET transport shelf, and the reverse mapping function is performed in a similar way at the far end of a SONET connection. The stuff bits are spread uniformly within the frame.
摘要:
Optical dispersion imposed on a communications signal conveyed through an optical communications system is compensated by modulating the communications signal in the electrical domain. A compensation function is determined that substantially mitigates the chromatic dispersion. The communications signal is then modulated in the electrical domain using the compensation function. In preferred embodiments, compensation is implemented in the transmitter, using a look-up-table and digital-to-analog converter to generate an electrical predistorted signal. The electrical predistorted signal is then used to modulate an optical source to generate a corresponding predistorted optical signal for transmission through the optical communications system.
摘要:
Laser line-width compensation is performed by detecting noise in an optical signal output by a laser of an optical communications system and controlling a complex modulator to cancel the detected noise. Line-width compensation can be performed for both amplitude and phase noise in the optical signal. Noise measurements are used to compute a complex scalar. The complex scalar is used by a compensation processor to modify an input signal that is to be transmitted by the optical communications system. The modified input signal controls the complex modulator, which modulates the output signal to cancel the noise.