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公开(公告)号：US4733175A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-22
申请号：US813809
申请日：1985-12-27
申请人： Lionel M. Levinson
发明人： Lionel M. Levinson
IPC分类号： G01R31/02 , G01R31/308
CPC分类号： G01R31/02 , G01R31/308
摘要： Defects in varistors are detected by pulsing a high current through the varistors and shortly thereafter mapping the temperature distribution of a main varistor surface by heat sensitive equipment. The presence of a localized hot spot sufficiently higher in temperature than a reference temperature level in the varistor indicates the presence of a defect. The disclosed technique is especially adapted for detecting defects that manifest themselves as incipient hot spots but which quickly disappear from observation because their heat rapidly disperses into surrounding varistor material.
摘要翻译： 通过脉冲通过压敏电阻的高电流来检测变阻器中的缺陷，此后不久通过热敏设备绘制主压敏电阻表面的温度分布。 在压敏电阻中存在足够高的温度比参考温度水平的局部热点指示存在缺陷。 所公开的技术特别适用于检测表现为初始热点但是由于其热快速分散到周围的变阻器材料中而迅速消失的观察的缺陷。
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12.发明授权Varistors with controllable voltage versus time response and method for using the same to provide a rectangular voltage pulse 失效具有可控电压对时间响应的压敏电阻器及其使用方法提供矩形电压脉冲
公开(公告)号：US4463268A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-31
申请号：US499609
申请日：1983-05-31
申请人： Lionel M. Levinson
发明人： Lionel M. Levinson
CPC分类号： H01C7/112
摘要： A bismuth-free, zinc oxide based varistor exhibits a controllable overshoot/undershoot voltage characteristic. The varistor is composed of zinc oxide as the primary constituent, with smaller quantities of barium, boron, one or more transition elements and aluminum. Varistor voltage versus time response is dependent on the degree of aluminum doping. Typically, more than approximately 0.003 mole percent, but less than approximately 0.1 mole percent aluminum is employed, depending on desired voltage overshoot/undershoot characteristic. Varistors having a controllable voltage versus time response are used in a method for providing a rectangular voltage pulse in response to a current input.
摘要翻译： 无铋氧化锌基变阻器具有可控的过冲/下冲电压特性。 变阻器由氧化锌作为主要成分，较少量的钡，硼，一种或多种过渡元素和铝构成。 压敏电阻电压对时间响应取决于铝掺杂的程度。 通常，取决于所需的电压过冲/下冲特性，使用大于约0.003摩尔％但小于约0.1摩尔％的铝。 具有可控电压对时间响应的压敏电阻用于响应于电流输入提供矩形电压脉冲的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4364021A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-14
申请号：US840262
申请日：1977-10-07
申请人： Lionel M. Levinson
发明人： Lionel M. Levinson
CPC分类号： H01C7/102
摘要： Metal oxide varistor structures having a low breakdown voltage, low leakage current, high values of alpha, operational stability, and methods of making the same are disclosed. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention relating to metal oxide varistor structures, at least one of the planar surfaces of a varistor disk, for example, is provided with a recessed region for increasing the electric field intensity in the region of the recess and hence reducing the breakdown voltage of the varistor disk without altering the structural integrity of the disk. Methods for making varistor structures with one or more recesses on one or more surfaces of the varistor structures are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有低击穿电压，低漏电流，高α值，操作稳定性及其制造方法的金属氧化物变阻器结构。 根据涉及金属氧化物变阻器结构的本发明的一个实施例，例如，变阻器盘的至少一个平面表面设置有用于增加凹部区域中的电场强度的凹陷区域，因此 降低压敏电阻盘的击穿电压，而不改变盘的结构完整性。 还公开了在压敏电阻结构的一个或多个表面上制造具有一个或多个凹槽的压敏电阻结构的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06357889B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09452554
申请日：1999-12-01
IPC分类号： H05B4300
CPC分类号： H05B33/0866 , F21K9/64 , F21V3/061 , F21V3/062 , F21V3/12 , F21V7/22 , F21Y2113/13 , F21Y2113/17 , F21Y2115/10 , F21Y2115/30 , H01L25/0753 , H01L2924/0002 , H05B33/0863 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A color tunable light source (10) includes multiple light emitting components (32, 34, 36), such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs) with different emission wavelengths, and multiple phosphors (24) with different excitation and emission wavelengths. The emission wavelengths of the different light emitting components are chosen to match the excitation wavelengths of the different phosphors. The light emitting components are powered by an electrical circuit (42, 44, 46), which allows separate control of the optical power output of the different wavelength LEDs/LDs. The light from the light emitting components is arranged to impinge on the combination of phosphors such that the phosphors are excited and emit light at their characteristic wavelengths. By separately adjusting the power to each LED/LD, the amount of light emitted by each phosphor, and hence, through color mixing, the color of the light emitted, is varied.
摘要翻译： 颜色可调谐光源（10）包括多个发光元件（32,34,36），例如具有不同发射波长的发光二极管（LED）或激光二极管（LD）以及具有不同激发的多个荧光体（24） 发射波长。 选择不同发光组件的发射波长以匹配不同荧光体的激发波长。 发光元件由电路（42,44,46）供电，其允许分开控制不同波长LED / LD的光功率输出。 来自发光部件的光被布置成撞击荧光体的组合，使得荧光体被激发并在其特征波长处发光。 通过分别调整每个LED / LD的功率，改变由每个荧光体发射的光，并因此通过颜色混合发射的光的颜色的量。
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公开(公告)号：US6128168A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-03
申请号：US6790
申请日：1998-01-14
CPC分类号： H01H9/42 , H01H2033/163
摘要： A fault current interrupter is provided by the parallel combination of a polymer current limiter and a voltage dependent resistor connected across a pair of separable contacts to permit the interruption of current without the occurrence of arcing between the contacts when the contacts first become separated. The polymer current limiter is selected to have a relatively low resistance at quiescent operating currents and a substantially higher resistance at short circuit overcurrents. This allows the current to transfer away from the contacts through the polymer current limiter until the voltage across the voltage dependent resistor causes the voltage dependent resistor to become conductive and thereby transfer the current away from the polymer current limiter.
摘要翻译： 通过聚合物限流器和连接在一对可分离触点上的电压相关电阻器的并联组合来提供故障电流断流器，以允许当触头首先分离时，不会在触点之间发生电弧而中断电流。 选择聚合物限流器在静态工作电流下具有相对较低的电阻，并且在短路过电流下具有显着更高的电阻。 这允许电流通过聚合物限流器离开触点，直到电压依赖电阻器两端的电压导致电压依赖电阻器变为导通，从而将电流转移离开聚合物限流器。
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公开(公告)号：US5487353A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-30
申请号：US195187
申请日：1994-02-14
摘要： A solid state method of converting a polycrystalline ceramic body to a single crystal body includes the steps of doping the polycrystalline ceramic material with a conversion-enhancing dopant and then heating the polycrystalline body at a selected temperature for a selected time sufficient to convert the polycrystalline body to a single crystal. The selected temperature is less than the melting temperature of the polycrystalline material and greater than about one-half the melting temperature of the material. In the conversion of polycrystalline alumina to single crystal alumina (sapphire), examples of conversion-enhancing dopants include cations having a +3 valence, such as chromium, gallium, and titanium. The polycrystalline body further can be inhomogeneously doped to form a first portion of the polycrystalline body that is doped to the selected level of the conversion-enhancing dopant and a second portion that is not doped such that heating the doped polycrystalline body causes conversion of first portion to a single crystal structure and the second portion retains a polycrystalline structure.
摘要翻译： 将多晶陶瓷体转换为单晶体的固态方法包括以下步骤：用转化增强掺杂剂掺杂多晶陶瓷材料，然后在所选择的温度下加热多晶体一段足以将多晶体转变的选定时间 到单晶。 所选择的温度小于多晶材料的熔化温度并且大于材料的熔融温度的约一半。 在将多晶氧化铝转化为单晶氧化铝（蓝宝石）时，转化增强掺杂剂的实例包括具有+3价的阳离子，例如铬，镓和钛。 多晶体还可以不均匀地掺杂以形成掺杂到转化增强掺杂剂的选定水平的多晶体的第一部分和不掺杂的第二部分，使得加热掺杂的多晶体导致第一部分的转化 到单晶结构，第二部分保留多晶结构。
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公开(公告)号：US5381445A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US55473
申请日：1993-05-03
申请人： John E. Hershey , Menahem Lowy , Lionel M. Levinson , Amer A. Hassan , Richard L. Frey , Kenneth B. Welles, II , Michael Gdula , Robert J. Wojnarowski
发明人： John E. Hershey , Menahem Lowy , Lionel M. Levinson , Amer A. Hassan , Richard L. Frey , Kenneth B. Welles, II , Michael Gdula , Robert J. Wojnarowski
CPC分类号： G01S5/0009 , F42B12/36 , F42B12/365 , G01S5/06
摘要： A munitions cartridge transmitter capable of emitting an electromagnetic signal after discharge from a cartridge propelling device comprises a signal generator, an electromagnetic signal transmitter coupled to the generator, an antenna coupled to the transmitter, and a hollow cartridge for housing the generator, the transmitter, and the antenna. The transmitter is energized after discharge of the cartridge propelling device by a power source contained in the cartridge.
摘要翻译： 一种能够在从暗盒推进装置排放之后发出电磁信号的弹药盒式发射器包括信号发生器，耦合到发生器的电磁信号发射器，耦合到发射器的天线以及用于容纳发生器的中空滤芯， 和天线。 在通过盒中包含的电源将墨盒驱动装置排出之后，变送器通电。
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公开(公告)号：US4999576A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-12
申请号：US387183
申请日：1989-07-31
申请人： Lionel M. Levinson
发明人： Lionel M. Levinson
CPC分类号： G01R31/3606 , G01R31/3648 , H01L35/00 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/627 , H01M10/63 , H01M10/6554 , H01M10/6572 , H01M10/658 , G01R31/3613 , H01M10/6551 , Y10T307/625
摘要： An electrical-energy-supplying device having an extended storage life includes a thermoelectric (TE) working module which has a hot junction and a cold junction. A storage battery for supplying electrical energy is thermally connected to the cold junction to transfer heat from the battery to the hot junction of the TE module when a voltage of proper polarity and magnitude is applied to the TE module. A thermal sensor is thermally connected to the battery and electrically connected to a cooling control circuit to cause application of the voltage to the TE module when the battery temperature exceeds a selected temperature level. The storage life of the battery may be extended by maintaining the battery temperature below the selected temperature level.
摘要翻译： 具有延长存储寿命的电能供应装置包括具有热接点和冷接点的热电（TE）工作模块。 用于提供电能的蓄电池热连接到冷端，以将适当极性和大小的电压施加到TE模块上时，将热量从电池传递到TE模块的热端。 当电池温度超过所选择的温度水平时，热传感器热连接到电池并电连接到冷却控制电路以使电压施加到TE模块。 可以通过将电池温度保持在所选择的温度水平以下来延长电池的储存寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US4490014A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-25
申请号：US233423
申请日：1981-02-11
申请人： Lionel M. Levinson
发明人： Lionel M. Levinson
IPC分类号： G02F1/1365 , G02F1/133 , H01B1/08 , H01C7/10 , H01L29/12
CPC分类号： G02F1/1365
摘要： A highly multiplexed liquid crystal display employs nonlinear varistor elements exhibiting a particularly low capacitance value to effectively drive individual liquid crystal cells. Low varistor capacitance is achieved through controlled addition of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 during varistor manufacture.
摘要翻译： 高度多路复用的液晶显示器采用具有特别低电容值的非线性变阻器元件来有效地驱动各个液晶单元。 通过在变阻器制造期间通过控制添加Sb2O3来实现低压敏电阻电容。
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公开(公告)号：US4460623A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-17
申请号：US317695
申请日：1981-11-02
申请人： Lionel M. Levinson
发明人： Lionel M. Levinson
摘要： Diffusing boron-containing glass, such as bismuth borosilicate glass, into conventional sintered zinc oxide based varistor material reduces varistor material intrinsic capacitance. In the method, a layer of glass powder is screen-printed, painted, or otherwise applied to the varistor material surface. Upon firing, a portion of the glass diffuses into the material, while the remainder creates an insulating layer on the varistor material surface which may be removed by grinding. The varistor material may then be annealed to restore varistor electrical properties which may have been degraded by mechanical damage caused by the grinding. Device electrodes are attached by conventional means.
摘要翻译： 将诸如硼硅酸铋玻璃之类的含硼玻璃扩散到常规的氧化锌烧结氧化锌基压敏电阻材料中减少了变阻器材料本征电容。 在该方法中，将一层玻璃粉末丝网印刷，涂漆或以其他方式施加到变阻器材料表面。 在烧制时，玻璃的一部分扩散到材料中，而其余部分在可变电阻材料表面上形成可通过研磨去除的绝缘层。 然后可以对压敏电阻材料进行退火以恢复由于研磨引起的机械损伤而可能已经降解的压敏电阻电性能。 器件电极通过常规方法连接。
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