公开(公告)号：US11007455B2

公开(公告)日：2021-05-18

申请号：US16405496

申请日：2019-05-07

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Gregory P. Thiel ,  Ronan K. McGovern ,  John H. Lienhard ,  Mostafa H. Elsharqawy

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  B01D3/18 ,  B01F3/04 ,  F24F3/14 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/20 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F103/08

Abstract: A multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser comprises at least a first stage and a second stage. Each stage includes a carrier-gas inlet and a carrier-gas outlet, as well as a condenser chamber containing a condensing bath in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet and the carrier-gas outlet. The carrier-gas inlet is positioned to bubble carrier gas from the carrier-gas inlet up through the condensing bath, overcoming a hydrostatic head of the condensing bath. The carrier-gas outlet is positioned with an opening for carrier-gas extraction above the condensing bath, wherein the first-stage carrier-gas outlet is in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet of the second stage to facilitate flow of the carrier gas through the condensing bath in the condenser chamber of the first stage and then through the condensing bath in the condenser chamber of the second stage.

公开(公告)号：US10472258B2

公开(公告)日：2019-11-12

申请号：US15323376

申请日：2015-06-29

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Inventor： Amro Al-Qutub ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  John H. Lienhard

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01D1/28 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F103/08

Abstract: A carrier gas is directed through a humidification chamber in a humidifier, where the carrier gas flow is directly contacted with a feed liquid to humidify the carrier gas with water evaporated from the feed liquid, producing a humidified gas flow. The humidified gas flow is then compressed in a compressor and then directed through a dehumidification chamber in a dehumidifier, where the compressed humidified gas flow is dehumidified to condense water from the compressed humidified gas flow. The dehumidified gas flow is then expanded in an expander, wherein the expansion of the dehumidified gas flow generates motion (e.g., rotation of a shaft), and wherein the motion generated in the expander is transferred to the compressor, where the motion compresses the humidified gas flow. Heat is also removed from the expanded dehumidified gas flow and transferred to compressed dehumidified gas flow upstream from the expander.

公开(公告)号：US10053373B2

公开(公告)日：2018-08-21

申请号：US14806357

申请日：2015-07-22

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Mostafa H. Elsharqawy ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  John H. Lienhard

IPC: C02F1/04 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/06 ,  B01D3/32 ,  C02F1/06 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D19/00 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

CPC classification number: C02F1/048 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/065 ,  B01D3/146 ,  B01D3/32 ,  B01D19/0015 ,  C02F1/06 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  Y02A20/128

Abstract: A feed liquid flows into a second-stage humidifier chamber to form a second-stage humidifier bath. A first remnant of the feed liquid from the second-stage humidifier chamber then flows into a first-stage humidifier chamber to form a first-stage humidifier bath having a temperature lower than that of the second-stage bath. A second remnant of the feed liquid is then removed from the first-stage humidifier. Meanwhile, a carrier gas is injected into and bubbled through the first-stage humidifier bath, collecting a vaporizable component in vapor form from the first remnant of the feed liquid to partially humidify the carrier gas. The partially humidified carrier gas is then bubbled through the second-stage humidifier bath, where the carrier gas collects more of the vaporizable component in vapor form from the feed liquid to further humidify the carrier gas before the humidified carrier gas is removed from the second-stage humidifier chamber.

公开(公告)号：US09957180B2

公开(公告)日：2018-05-01

申请号：US15448429

申请日：2017-03-02

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Windsor Sung ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  John H. Lienhard ,  Mohammed Mirhi ,  Anurag Bajpayee

IPC: C02F5/08 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B01D37/03 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F103/08

CPC classification number: C02F5/08 ,  B01D61/025 ,  B01D61/04 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/364 ,  B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01D2311/08 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/441 ,  C02F1/444 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F1/683 ,  C02F5/12 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F2101/10 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2303/16 ,  C09K8/528 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02A20/131 ,  Y02A20/134 ,  B01D2311/18

Abstract: Cations that can precipitate from an aqueous composition to produce scaling are sequestered by adding a multi-dentate ligand to the aqueous composition. The multi-dentate ligand bonds with the cation to form a non-scaling ionic complex; and the aqueous solution with the ionic complex is used in a process that produces substantially pure water from the aqueous composition, where the cation, absent formation of the ionic complex, is subject to scaling. The pH of the aqueous composition (or a brine including components of the aqueous composition) is then reduced to release the cation from the multi-dentate ligand; and the multi-dentate ligand, after the cation is released, is then reused in a predominantly closed loop.

公开(公告)号：US09790102B2

公开(公告)日：2017-10-17

申请号：US14840478

申请日：2015-08-31

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Mostafa H. Elsharqawy ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  John H. Lienhard

IPC: B01D1/14 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/06 ,  B01D3/32 ,  C02F1/06 ,  B01D19/00 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

CPC classification number: C02F1/048 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/065 ,  B01D3/146 ,  B01D3/32 ,  B01D19/0015 ,  C02F1/06 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10

Abstract: A feed liquid flows into a second-stage humidifier chamber to form a second-stage humidifier bath. A first remnant of the feed liquid from the second-stage humidifier chamber then flows into a first-stage humidifier chamber to form a first-stage humidifier bath having a temperature lower than that of the second-stage bath. A second remnant of the feed liquid is then removed from the first-stage humidifier. Meanwhile, a carrier gas is injected into and bubbled through the first-stage humidifier bath, collecting a vaporizable component in vapor form from the first remnant of the feed liquid to partially humidify the carrier gas. The partially humidified carrier gas is then bubbled through the second-stage humidifier bath, where the carrier gas collects more of the vaporizable component in vapor form from the feed liquid to further humidify the carrier gas before the humidified carrier gas is removed from the second-stage humidifier chamber.

公开(公告)号：US09617179B2

公开(公告)日：2017-04-11

申请号：US13958968

申请日：2013-08-05

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Windsor Sung ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  John H. Lienhard, V ,  Mohammed Mirhi ,  Anurag Bajpayee

IPC: C02F5/12 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C09K8/528 ,  B01D61/02 ,  B01D61/36 ,  B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01D61/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/68 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10 ,  B01D61/14 ,  B01D61/04

CPC classification number: C02F5/08 ,  B01D61/025 ,  B01D61/04 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/364 ,  B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01D2311/08 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/441 ,  C02F1/444 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F1/683 ,  C02F5/12 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F2101/10 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2303/16 ,  C09K8/528 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02A20/131 ,  Y02A20/134 ,  B01D2311/18

Abstract: Cations that can precipitate from an aqueous composition to produce scaling are sequestered by adding a multi-dentate ligand to the aqueous composition. The multi-dentate ligand bonds with the cation to form a non-scaling ionic complex; and the aqueous solution with the ionic complex is used in a process that produces substantially pure water from the aqueous composition, where the cation, absent formation of the ionic complex, is subject to scaling. The pH of the aqueous composition (or a brine including components of the aqueous composition) is then reduced to release the cation from the multi-dentate ligand; and the multi-dentate ligand, after the cation is released, is then reused in a predominantly closed loop.

公开(公告)号：US09320984B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-26

申请号：US14729377

申请日：2015-06-03

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Gregory P. Thiel ,  Ronan K. McGovern ,  John H. Lienhard ,  Mostafa H. Elsharqawy

IPC: B01D3/20 ,  B01D5/00 ,  B01D3/18 ,  B01F3/04 ,  F24F3/14 ,  B01D3/00

CPC classification number: B01D5/0036 ,  B01D3/007 ,  B01D3/18 ,  B01D3/205 ,  B01D5/0027 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/006 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  B01F3/04468 ,  B01F2215/0091 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F3/14 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: A humidification-dehumidification system comprises a source of liquid; a humidifier including carrier-gas and liquid inlets and outlets and a chamber in which the liquid can contact a carrier gas containing a condensable fluid in vapor phase that is introduced from the carrier-gas inlet in a counterflow arrangement and in which a portion of the liquid can vaporize into the carrier gas; a bubble-column vapor mixture condenser including at least first and second stages, each stage including a carrier-gas inlet and outlet and a chamber configured to contain a liquid bath in fluid communication with the carrier-gas inlet and the carrier-gas outlet; a conduit passing from the source of the liquid through the chamber of each stage of the bubble-column condenser; and an intermediate exchange conduit coupled with (a) the bubble-column vapor mixture condenser and (b) the humidifier chamber at intermediate stages of each for transfer of the carrier gas therebetween.

Abstract translation: 加湿除湿系统包括液体源; 包括载气和液体入口和出口的加湿器和室，其中液体可以接触含气相的可冷凝流体的载气，所述载气以逆流排列从载气入口引入，其中一部分 液体可以蒸发到载气中; 包括至少第一和第二阶段的气泡塔蒸汽混合物冷凝器，每个阶段包括载气入口和出口以及被配置为容纳与载气入口和载气出口流体连通的液浴的室; 从液体源通过气泡塔冷凝器的每个级的室的导管; 和（a）气泡塔蒸汽混合物冷凝器和（b）加湿器室的中间交换导管，其中间阶段用于在其间传送载气。

公开(公告)号：US09120033B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-01

申请号：US13916038

申请日：2013-06-12

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Mostafa H. Elsharqawy ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  John H. Lienhard

IPC: B01F3/04 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D19/00 ,  C02F1/04

CPC classification number: C02F1/048 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/065 ,  B01D3/146 ,  B01D3/32 ,  B01D19/0015 ,  C02F1/06 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10

Abstract: A feed liquid flows into a second-stage humidifier chamber to form a second-stage humidifier bath. A first remnant of the feed liquid from the second-stage humidifier chamber then flows into a first-stage humidifier chamber to form a first-stage humidifier bath having a temperature lower than that of the second-stage bath. A second remnant of the feed liquid is then removed from the first-stage humidifier. Meanwhile, a carrier gas is injected into and bubbled through the first-stage humidifier bath, collecting a vaporizable component in vapor form from the first remnant of the feed liquid to partially humidify the carrier gas. The partially humidified carrier gas is then bubbled through the second-stage humidifier bath, where the carrier gas collects more of the vaporizable component in vapor form from the feed liquid to further humidify the carrier gas before the humidified carrier gas is removed from the second-stage humidifier chamber.

Abstract translation: 进料液体流入第二级加湿器室以形成第二级加湿器浴。 来自第二级加湿器室的进料液体的第一残余物然后流入第一级加湿器室以形成温度低于第二级加湿器的温度的第一级加湿器浴。 然后将进料液体的第二残余物从第一级加湿器中除去。 同时，将载气注入并鼓泡通过第一级加湿器浴，从进料液的第一残余物中收集蒸气形式的可蒸发组分以部分地加湿载气。 然后将部分加湿的载气鼓泡通过第二级加湿器浴，其中载体气体从进料液体中收集蒸气形式的更多可蒸发组分，以在加湿的载气从第二级加湿器中除去之前进一步加湿载气， 舞台加湿器室。

公开(公告)号：US20130341810A1

公开(公告)日：2013-12-26

申请号：US13975910

申请日：2013-08-26

Applicant: KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS ,  MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Gregory P. Thiel ,  Ronan K. McGovern ,  John H. Lienhard ,  Mostafa Hamed Elsharqawy

IPC: B01D3/18

CPC classification number: B01D5/0036 ,  B01D3/007 ,  B01D3/18 ,  B01D3/205 ,  B01D5/0027 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/006 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  B01F3/04468 ,  B01F2215/0091 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F3/14 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: In a bubble-column vapor mixture condenser, a fluid source supplies a carrier-gas stream including a condensable fluid in vapor phase. The condensable fluid in liquid form is contained as a bath in a chamber in each stage of the condenser, and the carrier gas is bubbled through the bath to condense the condensable fluid into the bath. Energy from condensation is recovered to a coolant in a conduit that passes through the liquid in the stages of the condenser. The bubble-column vapor mixture condenser can be used, e.g., in a humidification-dehumidification system for purifying a liquid, such as water.

Abstract translation: 在气泡塔蒸气混合物冷凝器中，流体源提供包含气相的可冷凝流体的载气流。 液体形式的可冷凝流体作为浴室被包含在冷凝器的每个阶段中的室中，并且载气鼓泡通过浴以将可冷凝流体冷凝到浴中。 来自冷凝的能量被回收到在冷凝器的阶段中通过液体的导管中的冷却剂。 泡罩塔蒸汽混合物冷凝器可用于例如用于净化液体如水的加湿 - 除湿系统中。

公开(公告)号：US20240042345A1

公开(公告)日：2024-02-08

申请号：US18378129

申请日：2023-10-09

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Gregory P. Thiel ,  Ronan K. McGovern ,  John H. Lienhard ,  Mostafa H. Elsharqawy

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  B01F23/231 ,  B01F23/232 ,  B01D3/18 ,  F24F3/14 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/20 ,  C02F1/04

CPC classification number: B01D5/0036 ,  B01D5/0027 ,  B01D5/006 ,  B01F23/231 ,  B01F23/2321 ,  B01D3/18 ,  B01D5/003 ,  F24F3/14 ,  B01D3/007 ,  B01D3/205 ,  C02F1/048 ,  Y02W10/37 ,  B01F2101/55

Abstract: A method for condensing a vapor uses a multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser that includes at least a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage, each with a carrier-gas inlet and outlet as well as a condensing bath and a volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath. The carrier-gas inlet of the second and third stages is in the form of a sieve plate. The first-stage condensing bath is at a temperature of 60° C. to 90° C. Carrier gas flows at a temperature above 60° C. and up to 93° C. into and through the carrier-gas inlet of the first stage, then into and through the condensing bath in the first stage, and then into and through the volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath in the first stage. The carrier gas then similarly flows through the second- and third-stage condensing baths, each of which is at least 5° C. cooler than the temperature of the condensing bath in the preceding stage. Additional carrier gas is injected through an intermediate-exchange inlet into the volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath in at least one of the first and second stages to control the heat and mass profile of the carrier gas flowing through the stages of the multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser and to thereby maintain the temperature differentials between the condensing baths in the first, second, and third stages.