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公开(公告)号：US06992482B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-31
申请号：US10045650
申请日：2001-11-08
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/902
摘要： Magnetic field sensor probes are disclosed which comprise primary or drive windings having a plurality of current carrying segments. The relative magnitude and direction of current in each segment are adjusted so that the resulting interrogating magnetic field follows a desired spatial distribution. By changing the current in each segment, more than one spatial distribution for the magnetic field can be imposed within the same sensor footprint. Example envelopes for the current distributions approximate a sinusoid in Cartesian coordinates or a first-order Bessel function in polar coordinates. One or more sensing elements are used to determine the response of a test material to the magnetic field. These sense elements can be configured into linear or circumferential arrays.
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公开(公告)号：US06798198B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-28
申请号：US10348339
申请日：2003-01-21
申请人： Vladimir Tsukernik , Neil J. Goldfine , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Darrell E. Schlicker , Karen E. Walrath , Eric Hill , Vladimir A. Zilberstein
发明人： Vladimir Tsukernik , Neil J. Goldfine , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Darrell E. Schlicker , Karen E. Walrath , Eric Hill , Vladimir A. Zilberstein
IPC分类号： G01N2782
CPC分类号： G01N27/82
摘要： Pressurized elastic support structures or balloons are used to press flexible sensors against the surface a material under test. Rigid support elements can also be incorporated into the inspection devices to maintain the basic shape of the inspection structure and to facilitate positioning of the sensors near the test material surface. The rigid supports can have the approximate shape of the test material surface or the pressurization of one or more balloons can be used to conform the sensor to the shape of the test material surface.
摘要翻译： 使用加压的弹性支撑结构或气球将柔性传感器压在表面上，以测试被测材料。 也可以将刚性支撑元件结合到检查装置中，以维持检查结构的基本形状并且便于传感器在测试材料表面附近的定位。 刚性支撑件可以具有测试材料表面的近似形状，或者可以使用一个或多个气囊的加压使传感器与测试材料表面的形状相一致。
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公开(公告)号：US06657429B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-02
申请号：US09666879
申请日：2000-09-20
IPC分类号： G01R3312
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 , G01B7/16 , G01B7/24 , G01B7/34 , G01N27/023 , G01N27/72 , G01N27/82 , G01N27/902 , G01R33/12
摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting magnetic materials. The sensors generally include parallel winding segments to induce a spatially periodic magnetic field in a material under test. The sensors may provide a directionally dependent measure with measurements made in varying orientations of the sensor with respect to the material property variation directions. The sensors may be thin, conformable sensors that can be mounted on a test material and, for example, monitor crack initiation under the sensor. A second sensor may be left in air to provide a reference measurement, or the temperature of the material under test can be varied to verify the response of the individual sensing elements. Sensors can be mounted to materials under test in order to not modify the environment that is causing the stress being monitored. A sensor may be flexible to conform to the shape of the surface of the material under test and may be mounted in difficult to access locations such as around fasteners of an aircraft. Spatially periodic field eddy current sensors may be scanned across a material to create images of the absolute material property beneath the sensor.
摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器通常包括平行绕组段，以在被测材料中诱发空间周期性的磁场。 传感器可以提供具有方向依赖性的测量，其具有相对于材料特性变化方向在传感器的不同取向上进行的测量。 传感器可以是可以安装在测试材料上的薄的，一致的传感器，并且例如监测传感器下的裂纹发生。 可以将第二传感器留在空气中以提供参考测量，或者可以改变被测材料的温度以验证各个感测元件的响应。 传感器可以安装在被测试材料上，以便不会改变引起应力受监控的环境。 传感器可以是柔性的以符合被测材料的表面的形状，并且可以安装在难以进入的位置，例如飞机的紧固件周围。 可以跨材料扫描空间周期场涡流传感器，以在传感器下方产生绝对材料属性的图像。
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公开(公告)号：US08981018B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-17
申请号：US11079912
申请日：2005-03-14
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , Ian C. Shay , Christopher A. Craven , David C. Grundy , Volker Weiss , Andrew P. Washabaugh
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , Ian C. Shay , Christopher A. Craven , David C. Grundy , Volker Weiss , Andrew P. Washabaugh
CPC分类号： G01N27/02 , G01N19/00 , G01N25/00 , G01N27/60 , G01N27/72 , G05D23/1931 , G05D23/22 , G05D23/24 , G05D23/26
摘要： The condition of internal or hidden material layers or interfaces is monitored and used for control of a process that changes a condition of a material system. The material system has multiple component materials, such as layers or embedded constituents, or can be represented with multiple layers to model spatial distributions in the material properties. The material condition changes as a result of a process performed on the material, such as by cold working, or from functional operation. Sensors placed proximate to the test material surface or embedded between material layers are used to monitor a material property using magnetic, electric, or thermal interrogation fields. The sensor responses are converted into states of the material condition, such as temperature or residual stress, typically with a precomputed database of sensor responses. The sensor responses can also be used to determine properties of the test material, such as electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability, prior to conversion to the material state. The states are used to support control decisions that control the process or operation causing the material condition to change.
摘要翻译： 监控内部或隐藏的材料层或界面的状况，并用于控制改变材料系统状态的过程。 材料系统具有多种组分材料，例如层或嵌入组分，或者可以用多层来表示材料性质中的空间分布。 材料状态由于通过冷加工或功能操作在材料上进行的过程而改变。 使用放置在测试材料表面附近或嵌入材料层之间的传感器用于使用磁，电或热询问场监测材料特性。 传感器响应被转换为材料状态的状态，例如温度或残余应力，通常具有传感器响应的预计算数据库。 在转换到材料状态之前，传感器响应也可用于确定测试材料的性质，例如导电性或磁导率。 这些状态用于支持控制过程或操作的控制决策，从而导致材料状况发生变化。
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公开(公告)号：US20120013334A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-19
申请号：US13247059
申请日：2011-09-28
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/902
摘要： Magnetic field sensor probes are disclosed which comprise primary or drive windings having a plurality of current carrying segments. The relative magnitude and direction of current in each segment are adjusted so that the resulting interrogating magnetic field follows a desired spatial distribution. By changing the current in each segment, more than one spatial distribution for the magnetic field can be imposed within the same sensor footprint. Example envelopes for the current distributions approximate a sinusoid in Cartesian coordinates or a first-order Bessel function in polar coordinates. One or more sensing elements are used to determine the response of a test material to the magnetic field. These sense elements can be configured into linear or circumferential arrays.
摘要翻译： 公开了磁场传感器探针，其包括具有多个载流段的初级或驱动绕组。 调整每个段中的电流的相对幅度和方向，使得所得到的询问磁场遵循所需的空间分布。 通过改变每个段中的电流，可以在相同的传感器覆盖区内施加多于一个磁场的空间分布。 当前分布的示例包络近似于笛卡尔坐标中的正弦波或极坐标中的一阶贝塞尔函数。 一个或多个感测元件用于确定测试材料对磁场的响应。 这些感测元件可以被配置成线性或圆周阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US07876094B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-25
申请号：US12080743
申请日：2008-04-04
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Ian C. Shay , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh , David C. Grundy , Robert J. Lyons , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , Vladimir Tsukernik
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Ian C. Shay , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh , David C. Grundy , Robert J. Lyons , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , Vladimir Tsukernik
CPC分类号： G01N27/9013
摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。
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公开(公告)号：US07518360B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-14
申请号：US11809555
申请日：2007-06-01
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Ian C. Shav , Mark D. Windoloski , Christopher Root , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , David C. Grundy , Vladimir Tsukernik
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Ian C. Shav , Mark D. Windoloski , Christopher Root , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , David C. Grundy , Vladimir Tsukernik
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 , G01N27/82
摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.
摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。
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公开(公告)号：US07451657B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-18
申请号：US11036780
申请日：2005-01-14
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Volker Weiss , Christopher A. Craven , Ian C. Shay , David C. Grundy , Karen E. Walrath , Robert J. Lyons
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Volker Weiss , Christopher A. Craven , Ian C. Shay , David C. Grundy , Karen E. Walrath , Robert J. Lyons
IPC分类号： G01B5/30
CPC分类号： G01N27/9013
摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.
摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。
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公开(公告)号：US20080258720A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-23
申请号：US11809555
申请日：2007-06-01
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Ian C. Shav , Mark D. Windoloski , Christopher Root , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , David C. Grundy , Vladimir Tsukernik
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Ian C. Shav , Mark D. Windoloski , Christopher Root , Vladimir A. Zilberstein , David C. Grundy , Vladimir Tsukernik
IPC分类号： G01N27/82
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 , G01N27/82
摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.
摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。
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公开(公告)号：US07280940B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-09
申请号：US11371315
申请日：2006-03-07
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Yanko K Sheiretov , Andrew P. Washabaugh , David C. Grundy , Vladimir A. Zilberstein
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Darrell E. Schlicker , Yanko K Sheiretov , Andrew P. Washabaugh , David C. Grundy , Vladimir A. Zilberstein
IPC分类号： G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G01N22/00
摘要： The condition of insulating and semiconducting dielectric materials is assessed by a sensor array that uses electric fields to interrogate the test material. The sensor has a linear array of parallel drive conductors interconnected to form a single drive electrode and sense conductors placed on each side of and parallel to a drive conductor. Subsets of the sense conductors are interconnected to form at least two sense elements sensitive to different material regions. The sense conductors may be at different distances to the drive conductors, enabling measurement sensitivity to different depths into the test material. The material condition is assessed directly from the sense element responses or after conversion to an effective material property, such as an electrical conductivity or dielectric permittivity.
摘要翻译： 绝缘和半导体介电材料的条件通过使用电场询问测试材料的传感器阵列来评估。 传感器具有互连以形成单个驱动电极的线性阵列和放置在驱动导体的平行于驱动导体的每一侧上的感测导体。 感测导体的子集互连以形成对不同材料区域敏感的至少两个感测元件。 感测导体可以距离驱动导体不同的距离，使测量灵敏度不同于测试材料的深度。 材料条件直接由感应元件响应或转换为有效材料性质（如导电率或介电常数）进行评估。
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