摘要:
The present invention provides a process for producing an optically active 2-allylcarboxylic acid derivative, which is useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate, from readily available and inexpensive starting materials by the process which can be practiced on a commercial scale in a simple and easy manner, and certain 2-allylcarboxamide derivatives, which are novel and important intermediates in that process. An N-allylcarboxamide derivative undergoes rearrangement reaction diastereoselectively in the presence of a base to give a 2-allylcarboxamide derivative, the resulting derivative is subjected to a carbamation reaction and solvolysis to give an optically active 2-allylcarboxylic acid ester, and then the ester obtained is stereoselectively hydrolyzed using an enzyme to produce 2-allylcarboxylic acid having a high optical purity. In addition, the present invention provides a 2-allylcarboxamide derivative compound which is a novel intermediate in the process of the present invention.
摘要:
A first magnetic film is formed in a primary pattern which is larger than its definitive pattern and of which edges are located within frames to be used in a frame-plating method for the second magnetic film after forming the first pole portion and the gap film. Then, the second magnetic film is formed by the frame-plating method, and the first magnetic film is etched into the definitive pattern through the second magnetic film as a mask.
摘要:
A first and a second longitudinal bias-applying films are formed via a first mask at both sides of a magnetoresistive effective element film so that the difference in surface level between the magnetoresistive effective element film and the first and the second longitudinal bias-applying films is set within ±20 nm. Then, a first and a second electrode films are formed so as to cover edge portions of the magnetoresistive effective element film and the first and the second longitudinal bias-applying films.
摘要:
In a power supply device including a full-wave rectifying and smoothing circuit powered from a commercial AC power supply via two power supply lines, a switching regulator for separating and stepping down the output from the full-wave rectifying and smoothing circuit to output a desired DC voltage, and two capacitors after the full-wave rectifying and smoothing circuit for the terminal noise suppression purpose, a zero-cross detection circuit includes a transistor of which the emitter is connected to the low-voltage output terminal of the full-wave rectifying and smoothing circuit for outputting a zero-cross detection signal from the collector; a first resistor is connected between the base and emitter of the transistor; a second resistor is connected between one of the power supply lines and the base of the transistor; and a third resistor is connected between the other power supply line and the emitter of the transistor.
摘要:
A clock routing design method enables a routing design for each hierarchy while paying an attention to each layout hierarchy to which a branch of a clock signal system extends and considering a whole chip. In the clock routing design method, a clock signal line is routed between a plurality of receiver terminals over a plurality of layout hierarchies while considering an equal-delay branch point yielding equal delays of a clock signal at the receiver terminals, the clock signal line is then routed between the equal-delay branch point positioning between the plural receiver terminals and the driver terminal. The clock routing design method is applicable to a layout design of wire patterns, cell, etc. on LSIs, printed circuit boards and the like.
摘要:
In an image forming apparatus, the overall length of a heat generating resistor is set longer than the width of a recording paper, which is the greatest of widths of standard size recording papers that can be used on the image forming apparatus. An electrical resistance of an edge area of the heat generating resistor per unit length is set smaller than that of a center area of the heat generating resistor. The position of a boundary between the center area and the edge area is set so that the position of the side edge of the recording paper whose width is the greatest exists within the edge area and so that if the recording paper having the second greatest width is fed by a one edge-aligned paper feeding method, the position of the side edge of a recording paper whose width is the greatest of the widths of the standard size recording papers that can be used on the image forming apparatus except the width of the recording paper that is the greatest thereof is set at a position within the center area.
摘要:
A method for inexpensively and efficiently producing an optically active amino compound useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical preparations, agricultural chemicals, or the like, from a ketone compound is provided. Specifically, a polypeptide exhibiting higher activity for glutamic acid as an amino donor than that for L-alanine, and, having novel transaminase activity for generating (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone with high optical purity of 93% or more, a gene encoding the same, and a transformant expressing the gene at a high level are also provided herein.
摘要:
A delay analysis device includes an acquisition section that acquires circuit information relating to a path through which signal propagation can be delayed, a determination section that sets up an assumed fault for each of pins disposed in the path, and determines whether a signal change output from a beginning latch can be propagated to an ending latch for each of pins for which the assumed faults are set up, and an analysis section that calculates a delay distribution by accumulating delay distributions expressed by probability density functions of delays that occur in individual delay elements included in the path determined that a signal change output from the beginning latch can be propagated to the ending latch, and by not accumulating the delay distributions at a pin through which it has been determined that the signal change cannot be propagated to the ending latch based on the acquired circuit information.
摘要:
A variation in manufacturing total costs is obtained by using an excessive loss amount caused by unnecessarily discarding elemental semiconductor integrated circuits occurring as a result of a negative result being obtained in an elemental test but a positive result obtained from a device test, and a short loss amount caused by packaging elemental semiconductor integrated circuits for semiconductor integrated circuit devices that are discarded as a result of a positive result being obtained from the elemental test but a negative result being obtained from the device test. A new operating frequency is determined by using the variation in manufacturing total costs with respect to an operating frequency.
摘要:
In the present invention, a block level net list is separated from a chip level net list so that the chip level net list can be created in a form in which a block is transparent to a designer. The present invention determines a destination block for circuit elements that are described in a chip level net list and for which the destination block is not determined, and creates a final net list by reflecting the chip level net list to the block level net list based on the information on the destination block. As a net list can be created in a form in which a block is transparent to a designer for a circuit system that is required to be optimized for the entire chip, the circuit system can be efficiently optimized.