公开(公告)号：US06906003B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-14

申请号：US10666663

申请日：2003-09-18

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers ,  David B. Chang ,  Reza Toossi ,  Sion Ahdout ,  Lijuan Li ,  Robert G. Palomba

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers ,  David B. Chang ,  Reza Toossi ,  Sion Ahdout ,  Lijuan Li ,  Robert G. Palomba

IPC: C01B3/00 ,  F17C11/00 ,  B01J20/20

CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  C01B3/0005 ,  C01B3/0021 ,  F17C11/005 ,  Y02E60/325 ,  Y10S502/526

Abstract: A system and method for sorption and desorption of molecular gas contained by storage sites of graphite nano-filaments randomly disposed in three-dimensional reticulated aerogel.

Abstract translation: 用于吸附和解吸附在三维网状气凝胶中的石墨纳米丝的储存位置所含的分子气体的系统和方法。

公开(公告)号：US5702444A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-30

申请号：US526075

申请日：1995-09-11

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers ,  Devendra V. Mehta

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers ,  Devendra V. Mehta

IPC: A61K35/12 ,  C12N5/071 ,  C12N11/10

CPC classification number: C12N5/0677 ,  A61K2035/126

Abstract: An implantable artificial endocrine pancreas comprising a reactive body of soft, plastic, biocompatible, porous hydratable material supporting a multiplicity of endocrine pancreatic islets in isolated spaced relationship from each other; and, a microporous barrier membrane enveloping and supporting the body, in spaced relationship from the pancreatic islets therein and through which molecules having a molecular weight greater than 60,000 Daltons cannot move.

Abstract translation: 一种植入式人造内分泌胰腺，其包含柔软的，塑料的，生物相容的，多孔的可水合的材料的反应体，其支撑多个彼此间隔隔开的内分泌胰岛; 以及包围和支撑身体的微孔屏障膜与胰岛中的胰岛间隔开，分子量大于60,000道尔顿的分子不能移动。

公开(公告)号：US5366828A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

申请号：US148964

申请日：1993-11-08

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/24 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M4/66 ,  H01M4/80 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/36

CPC classification number: H01M4/044 ,  H01M10/345 ,  H01M4/24 ,  H01M4/663 ,  H01M4/806 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M4/049 ,  H01M4/0495 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M4/80 ,  Y10T29/49115

Abstract: A hydrogen hydride battery including a stack of like cells. Each cell includes novel positive cathode and negative anode electrodes. The negative anode electrodes include micro-porous carbon aerogel structures of randomly disposed interengaged carbon fibers in three-dimensional reticulate form and a hydrogen-absorbing metal alloy structure throughout and conforming generally to and carried by the micro-porous carbon aerogel. The positive cathode electrodes include micro-porous carbon aerogel structures of randomly disposed interengaged carbon fibers in three-dimensional reticulate form that are impregnated with nickelous hydroxide throughout and conforming generally to and carried by the micro-porous carbon aerogel. Central electrolyte separators established of a suitable porous dielectric material, is positioned between positive and negative electrodes.

Abstract translation: 一种氢化氢电池，包括一堆类似的电池。 每个电池包括新的正极和负极电极。 负极电极包括以三维网状形式随机布置的相互接合的碳纤维和吸氢金属合金结构的微孔碳气凝胶结构，并且通常并由微孔碳气凝胶承载并承载。 正极电极包括以三维网状形式随机布置的相互接合的碳纤维的微孔碳气凝胶结构，其贯穿整个并贯穿微孔碳气凝胶并由微孔碳气凝胶承载。 由合适的多孔电介质材料构成的中心电解质分离器位于正极和负极之间。

公开(公告)号：US4348465A

公开(公告)日：1982-09-07

申请号：US205866

申请日：1980-11-10

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M6/04 ,  H01M8/22 ,  H01M12/04 ,  H01M8/08

CPC classification number: H01M8/22 ,  H01M12/04 ,  H01M6/04

Abstract: A nitrogen-metal fuel cell comprising a cathode and an anode in spaced relationship, a first electrolyte solution contacting the cathode, a second electrolyte solution contacting the anode and an ion transfer membrane between the electrolytes to prevent commingling thereof and through which hydroxyl ions freely move. The cathode comprises an aqueous solution of nitrate and an ion transfer membrane between the solution and the electrolyte contacting the cathode.

Abstract translation: 一种氮 - 金属燃料电池，包括间隔开的阴极和阳极，接触阴极的第一电解质溶液，接触阳极的第二电解质溶液和电解质之间的离子转移膜，以防止其混合并通过羟基离子自由移动 。 阴极包括硝酸盐水溶液和溶液与接触阴极的电解质之间的离子转移膜。

公开(公告)号：US5429886A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

申请号：US113067

申请日：1993-08-30

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/08 ,  H01M4/86

CPC classification number: H01M8/0612 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  H01M8/08

Abstract: A hydrocarbon (hydrogen)/air aerogel catalyzed carbon electrode fuel cell system comprising an acid electrolyte filled; steam hydrocarbon catalytic reformer with a heater and operating to receive and reduce hydrocarbons and water into a reformed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases; a centrifugal gas-separator device receiving reformed gas from the reformer and operating to separate the hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases of the reformed gas and delivering them separately; a fuel cell comprising a micro porous catalyzed-carbon aerogel anode electrode fed with hydrogen gas delivered by the gas separator, a micro porous catalyzed-carbon aerogel cathode electrode fed with oxygen from ambient air, and, a micro porous cation-filled silica hydrogel electrolyte separator between the anode and cathode electrodes; a hydrocarbon fuel supply delivering hydrocarbon fuel to the reformer; a combustion fuel supply selectively delivering hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas to the heater; and, a water supply receiving water produced in the fuel cell by fuel cell reaction and delivering it to the reformer.

Abstract translation: 一种包含酸性电解质填充的烃（氢）/空气气凝胶催化碳电极燃料电池系统; 具有加热器的蒸汽烃催化重整器，用于将碳氢化合物和水接收并减少为氢气和二氧化碳气体的重整气体; 离心式气体分离器装置，其接收来自重整器的重整气体并操作以分离重整气体的氢气和二氧化碳气体并分别输送; 一种燃料电池，包括供给由气体分离器输送的氢气的微孔催化碳气凝胶阳极，由环境空气供给氧的微孔催化碳气凝胶阴极，以及微孔阳离子填充二氧化硅水凝胶电解质 阳极和阴极之间的隔膜; 向重整器输送碳氢化合物燃料的烃燃料供应; 燃烧燃料供应选择性地将碳氢化合物和氢气输送到加热器; 以及通过燃料电池反应在燃料电池中产生的水的供水，并将其输送到重整器。

公开(公告)号：US4684581A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-04

申请号：US884189

申请日：1986-07-10

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/12

CPC classification number: H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/1231

Abstract: An elongate fuel cell with anode and cathode chambers. A fuel supply delivers a hot fuel gas mixture of steam and methanol or methane to the anode chamber. A catalytic reformer in the anode chamber reforms the fuel gas to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A hydrogen-permeable anode in the anode chamber is premeated by and diffuses the hydrogen to hydrogen ions and free electrons. A catalytic cathode in the cathode chamber receives hydrogen ions from the anode and is supplied with oxygen from the air. A di-electric, hydrogen-ion-permeable separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode to stop movement of electrons and permit movement of hydrogen ions therebetween. An external electric circuit is connected with and extends between the anode and cathode and conducts the free electrons from the anode to the cathode. The hydrogen ions, oxygen and electrons in the cathode react to produce the by-products, heat and water.

Abstract translation: 具有阳极和阴极室的细长燃料电池。 燃料供应将蒸汽和甲醇或甲烷的热燃料气体混合物输送到阳极室。 阳极室中的催化重整器将燃料气体改为氢气和二氧化碳。 阳极室中的氢可渗透阳极由氢气和自由电子进行预充和扩散。 阴极室中的催化阴极从阳极接收氢离子并从空气中供应氧气。 位于阳极和阴极之间的二电，氢离子可渗透分离器，以阻止电子的移动，并允许氢离子在其间移动。 外部电路与阳极和阴极连接并延伸，并将自由电子从阳极传导到阴极。 阴极中的氢离子，氧和电子反应产生副产物，热和水。

公开(公告)号：US4510211A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-09

申请号：US505305

申请日：1983-06-17

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M2/40 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M12/06 ,  H01M8/24

CPC classification number: H01M12/06 ,  H01M2/40 ,  H01M8/04276

Abstract: A system and apparatus for supplying and circulating fresh electrolyte to and through the anode and ion exchange sections of a plurality of related air/metal fuel cells; preventing the flow of shunt currents through the electrolyte between the fuel cell sections; removing heat produced by fuel cell reaction from the electrolyte; removing solid byproducts of fuel cell reaction from the electrolyte; and reconstituting spent electrolyte. The system and apparatus commingles electrolyte with a hydrophobic liquid dielectric which has a specific gravity which is less than the specific gravity of the electrolyte and conducting the commingled liquids through small diameter conductors of dielectric material to the fuel cell sections. The liquid dielectric in the electrolytes and conductors maintain a current path in the electrolyte open and prevent the flow of shunt currents. The system and apparatus operate to separate commingled liquid dielectric and electrolyte flowing from the fuel cell sections; removes heat carried from the cell sections by the liquid dielectric; recommingles the liquid dielectric and electrolyte and reintroduces into the cell sections. The system and apparatus operate to intermittently transfer portions of partially spent byproduct ladened electrolyte circulated through the anode sections of the cells to a separator in which the byproduct is removed from the spent electrolyte.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将新鲜电解质供应并循环到多个相关空气/金属燃料电池的阳极和离子交换部分并将其循环的系统和装置; 防止分流电流流过燃料电池部分之间的电解质; 从电解液中除去燃料电池反应产生的热量; 从电解质中除去燃料电池反应的固体副产物; 并重新组装废电解液。 该系统和装置与具有小于电解质的比重的比重的疏水性液体电介质混合电解质，并通过电介质材料的小直径导体将混合的液体导入燃料电池部分。 电解质和导体中的液体电介质保持电解质中的电流通路打开，并防止分流电流的流动。 系统和装置用于分离从燃料电池部分流出的混合液体电介质和电解质; 通过液体电介质去除细胞部分携带的热量; 推荐液体电介质和电解质并重新引入细胞部分。 系统和装置操作以将循环通过细胞的阳极部分的部分废弃副产物负载电解质的部分间歇地转移到副废弃物从废电解质中除去的分离器中。

公开(公告)号：US4503132A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-05

申请号：US473036

申请日：1983-03-07

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M4/86 ,  H01M12/06 ,  H01M4/06

CPC classification number: H01M4/86 ,  H01M12/06

Abstract: A flat, laminated fuel cell gas electrode arranged between and separating gas and liquid mediums in a fuel cell. The electrode includes a flat, perforated sheet metal support and electric conductor part with a rear surface disposed toward the gas medium, a flat, hydrophobic gas permeable membrane with a rear surface in contact with a front surface of said part, a flat liquid and gas permeable metallic current collector with a rear surface spaced from a front surface of said membrane and with a front surface disposed toward the liquid medium, a catalytic barrier structure of bonded together particulate catalytic material and metal conductor filaments by and in electric conducting contact with the collector and having a rear surface in contact with the front surface of the membrane and a plurality of spaced apart electric conducting fasteners engaged with and between said part and collector securing the parts of the electrode in assembled relationship and electrically connecting the current collector with said part.

Abstract translation: 平坦的，层叠的燃料电池气体电极，设置在燃料电池中并分离燃料电池中的气体和液体介质。 所述电极包括平坦且穿孔的金属片支撑体和具有朝向所述气体介质设置的后表面的电导体部分，具有与所述部分的前表面接触的后表面的平坦的疏水性透气膜，平坦的液体和气体 具有与所述膜的前表面间隔开的后表面和朝向所述液体介质设置的前表面的可渗透的金属集流体;催化阻挡结构，其通过并且与所述收集器导电接触而将颗粒状催化材料和金属导体细丝结合在一起 并且具有与所述膜的前表面接触的后表面和与所述部分和收集器接合并且在所述部分和收集器之间并且以组装的关系固定所述电极的所述部分并且将所述集电器与所述部件电连接的多个间隔开的导电紧固件。

公开(公告)号：US4477539A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-16

申请号：US458835

申请日：1983-01-18

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M2/40 ,  H01M4/02 ,  H01M6/50 ,  H01M12/02 ,  H01M12/06

CPC classification number: H01M2/40 ,  H01M12/02 ,  H01M12/065 ,  H01M6/50 ,  H01M2004/024

Abstract: A metal/gas fuel cell comprising an anode chamber filled with a base anolyte solution, a metallic anode plate immersed in the anolyte; an ion exchange chamber filled with a base ionolyte solution adjacent the anode chamber; a cationic membrane between the anode and ion exchange chambers separating the anolyte and ionolyte; a cathode plate adjacent the ion exchange chamber remote from the cationic membrane with one surface in contact with the ionolyte and another surface in contact with a cathode fuel gas. The cathode plate is a laminated structure including a layer of hydrophyllic material in contact with the ionolyte, a layer of gas permeable hydrophobic material in contact with the gas and a gas and liquid permeable current collector of inert material with catalytic surfaces within the layer of hydrophyllic material. The anode and cathode plates are connected with an external electric circuit which effects the flow of electrons from the anode plate to the cathode plate.

Abstract translation: 一种金属/气体燃料电池，包括填充有碱性阳极电解液的阳极室，浸在阳极电解液中的金属阳极板; 离子交换室，填充有邻近阳极室的碱性离子液体溶液; 在阳极和离子交换室之间的阳离子膜分离阳极电解液和离子电解质; 靠近阳离子膜的离子交换室的阴极板，其一个表面与离子液体接触，另一个表面与阴极燃料气体接触。 阴极板是包括与离子电解质接触的一层亲水材料的层压结构，与气体接触的透气性疏水材料层和惰性材料的气体和液体可渗透的集流体，其具有在亲水层内的催化表面 材料。 阳极和阴极板与外部电路连接，外部电路使电子从阳极板流向阴极板。

公开(公告)号：US4443522A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-17

申请号：US378857

申请日：1982-05-17

Applicant: Ralph C. Struthers

Inventor： Ralph C. Struthers

IPC: H01M2/40 ,  H01M4/02 ,  H01M6/24 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M12/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC classification number: H01M8/04 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M12/04 ,  H01M2/40 ,  H01M6/24 ,  H01M2004/024

Abstract: A fuel cell which comprises a metal anode immersed in a base electrolyte solution and connected with an electric circuit, a cathode comprising an acid solution, a carbon catalyst and electron distributor plate in that solution and connected with an electron supply and a wettable fluid impermeable membrane and disposed between the electrolyte and cathode solution and establishing an acid-base reactor interface where hydroxyl ions are generated for conduction through the electrolyte to the anode.

Abstract translation: 一种燃料电池，其包括浸在基础电解质溶液中并与电路连接的金属阳极，在该溶液中包含酸溶液，碳催化剂和电子分配器板的阴极，并与电子源和可湿性流体不可渗透膜 并且设置在电解质和阴极溶液之间并建立酸碱反应器界面，其中产生羟基离子以通过电解质传导至阳极。