Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a process and an apparatus for treating an aqueous medium at low running costs with a decreased electricity required for hydrothermal electrolytic reaction. The present invention proposes a two-step process comprising a first step of performing a conventional hydrothermal reaction or a conventional electrolytic reaction prior to hydrothermal electrolytic reaction to degrade readily degradable substances or ammonia or various electrolytically degradable organics and then a second step of performing hydrothermal electrolytic reaction to degrade the remaining organics, whereby the electricity consumed by hydrothermal electrolytic reaction in the second step can be greatly reduced.
Abstract:
An optical module includes a photodiode disposed in front of a laser diode with an offset from an optical axis of the laser diode, for monitoring the power of an optical beam emitted from the laser diode in a forward direction. The optical module further achieves switching between a transmission mode and a reception mode in response to a drive current supplied to the laser diode.
Abstract:
A semiconductor wafer etching apparatus is capable of anisotropically etching a large-diameter semiconductor wafer with high accuracy without causing the semiconductor wafer to be charged. First, the apparatus cools the wafer in an atmosphere of a nitrogen or a halogen gas so that the wafer adsorbs and is covered by atoms of the gas. Then, a fast atom beam source of the apparatus generates an electrically neutral fast atom beam of gas atoms or molecules to etch the semiconductor wafer. The etching speed is promoted by an interaction of the adsorbed atoms and the fast atom beam.
Abstract:
An electron accelerator includes a thermal cathode, heated by infrared rays guided by a quartz rod, for emitting electrons, an accelerating section connected to a high voltage power supply, and a vacuum vessel containing the cathode and the acceleration section. The cathode may be heated by laser beam instead of the infrared rays. The current level of an accelerated electron beam is detected to generate a signal proportional to the detected level. The signal is used to adjust the intensity of the rays heating the cathode to prevent the level of electrons emitted from said cathode from fluctuating.
Abstract:
An optical assembly is provided to simulate the emission of a light beam such as a laser, so that it appears to extend a considerable distance from the observer. The optical device can be advantageously integrated with a video game system or a simulated gun, and includes an arrangement of reflecting and semitransparent mirrors that can define a field of view, for example, of a target area, and can superimpose images of a light emitting unit so that a light beam can apparently extend to a target while maintaining a compact configuration.