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公开(公告)号：US4970563A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-13
申请号：US374437
申请日：1989-06-30
CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 , H01L29/122 , H01L29/152 , H01L29/155 , H01L29/86
摘要： Semiconductor, quantum well, electron and hole slab waveguides include a substrate semiconductor layer, a film semiconductor layer, and a cover semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layers provide substantially ballistic transport for electrons and wherein the thicknesses and compositions of the semiconductor layers are determined in accordance with the inventive method to provide a waveguide.
摘要翻译： 半导体，量子阱，电子和空穴平板波导包括衬底半导体层，膜半导体层和覆盖半导体层，其中半导体层为电子提供实质上的弹道传输，并且其中半导体层的厚度和组成确定在 根据提供波导的本发明的方法。
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12.发明授权Optical fiber gratings with azimuthal refractive index perturbation and devices for tuning, attenuating, switching, and modulating optical signals 失效具有方位折射率扰动的光纤光栅和用于调谐，衰减，开关和调制光信号的器件公开(公告)号：US06941039B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US10886800
申请日：2004-07-08
申请人： Thomas K Gaylord , Gregory D. VanWiggeren , Donald D. Davis , Elias N. Glytsis , Emmanuel Anemogiannis
发明人： Thomas K Gaylord , Gregory D. VanWiggeren , Donald D. Davis , Elias N. Glytsis , Emmanuel Anemogiannis
CPC分类号： G02B6/02085 , G02B6/02142 , G02B6/022
摘要： The present invention relates to a type of optical fiber grating having an azimuthal refractive-index perturbation. The optical fiber includes a fiber grating that has a plurality of grating elements formed therein. At least one of the grating elements has a spatially varying index of refraction that varies azimuthally about the centerline of the optical fiber. The fiber grating acts as a band-stop optical spectral filter. In addition, since fiber-cladding modes are weakly-guided modes, their power can be easily dissipated by scattering, bending, stretching, and/or rotating the optical fiber. Multiple configurations of these gratings within an optical fiber are given. Devices are presented which can dynamically attenuate, tune, switch, or modulate the wavelength spectral characteristics of an optical signal.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有方位角折射率扰动的光纤光栅。 光纤包括在其中形成有多个光栅元件的光纤光栅。 光栅元件中的至少一个具有空间变化的折射率，其围绕光纤的中心线方位改变。 光纤光栅用作带阻光谱滤波器。 此外，由于光纤包层模式是弱引导模式，它们的功率可以通过散射，弯曲，拉伸和/或旋转光纤而容易地消散。 给出光纤内的这些光栅的多种配置。 可以提供可以动态地衰减，调谐，切换或调制光信号的波长光谱特性的装置。
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13.发明授权Semiconductor devices based on optical transitions between quasibound energy levels 失效基于准能量级之间的光学转换的半导体器件
公开(公告)号：US5386126A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-31
申请号：US11010
申请日：1993-01-29
申请人： Gregory H. Henderson , Lawrence C. West , Thomas K. Gaylord , Charles W. Roberts , Elias N. Glytsis , Moses T. Asom
发明人： Gregory H. Henderson , Lawrence C. West , Thomas K. Gaylord , Charles W. Roberts , Elias N. Glytsis , Moses T. Asom
CPC分类号： H01L33/06 , B82Y20/00 , H01L33/14 , H01S5/34 , H01S5/3401 , H01L33/105 , H01S5/3402 , H01S5/3415 , H01S5/3416 , H01S5/3419 , H01S5/3425 , Y10S977/712 , Y10S977/759 , Y10S977/761
摘要： A solid state, electronic, optical transition device includes a multiple-layer structure of semiconductor material which supports substantially ballistic electron/hole transport at energies above/below the conduction/valance band edge. The multiple layer structure of semiconductor material includes a Fabry-Perot filter element for admitting electrons/holes at a first quasibound energy level above/below the conduction/valance band edge, and for depleting electrons/holes at a second quasibound energy level which is lower/higher than the first energy level. Such an arrangement allows common semiconductor material to be used to produce emitters and detectors and other devices which can operate at any of selected frequencies over a wide range of frequencies.
摘要翻译： 固体，电子，光学转换装置包括半导体材料的多层结构，其在高于/低于导电/价带边缘的能量下支撑基本上弹道的电子/空穴传输。 半导体材料的多层结构包括法布里 - 珀罗滤波器元件，用于在导电/价带边缘之上/之下的第一准能量级允许电子/空穴，并且用于在较低的第二准能级下耗尽电子/空穴 /高于第一能级。 这种布置允许常见的半导体材料用于产生发射器和检测器以及可在宽频率范围内以任何选定频率工作的其它器件。
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14.发明授权Quantum mechanical semiconductor device with electron/hole diffractive grating 失效量子机电半导体器件与电子/孔偏差光栅
公开(公告)号：US5191216A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-02
申请号：US734300
申请日：1991-07-18
IPC分类号： H01L29/66
CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 , H01L29/66977
摘要： A solid state, quantum mechanical electron/hole wave device in the form of a switch or multiplexor includes a layer of semiconductor material supporting substantially ballistic electron/hole transport and a periodic grating structure formed in the layer of semiconductor material, with the grating structure comprising a modulation in electron/hole potential energy and/or effective mass. Preferably, means are provided for applying and varying the grating modulation. By constructing the device to divide the input substantially completely into two output beams (to operate in the Bragg regime), a useful switch is provided. Likewise, by constructing the device to divide the input into a selected number of three or more output beams (to operate in the Raman-Nath regime), a useful multiplexor is provided.
摘要翻译： 开关或多路复用器形式的固态，量子力学电子/空穴波器件包括支撑基本上弹道的电子/空穴传输的半导体材料层和形成在半导体材料层中的周期性光栅结构，其中光栅结构包括 电子/空穴势能和/或有效质量的调制。 优选地，提供用于施加和改变光栅调制的装置。 通过构造将输入基本上完全分成两个输出光束（以布拉格方式工作）的装置，提供有用的开关。 类似地，通过构造将输入划分为选定数量的三个或更多个输出光束（以在拉曼 - 纳思方案中操作）的装置，提供有用的多路复用器。
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15.发明授权Technique for producing antireflection grating surfaces on dielectrics, semiconductors and metals 失效在电介质，半导体和金属上制造抗反射光栅表面的技术
公开(公告)号：US5007708A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US224571
申请日：1988-07-26
CPC分类号： G02B1/118 , G02B5/1809 , G02B6/124 , G03F7/001 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A method of forming an antireflection rectangular-groove surface-relief grating on a lossy substrate exposed to incident waves of transverse electric or transverse magnetic or combination of polarizations and any angle of incidence in a lossless medium. The required thickness and complex refractive index of a single homogeneous layer on a lossy substrate to produce zero reflectivity is first computed using an impedance matching approach. The filling factor and groove depth of the rectangular groove surface-relief grating that is equivalent to the single homogeneous layer in the long-wavelength limit are then calculated. The surface-relief grating is then formed on the lossy substrate by reactive ion etching, electron beam lithography, or holography.
摘要翻译： 在有损耗的衬底上形成抗反射矩形槽表面浮雕格栅的方法，其暴露于无损介质中横向电或横向磁场或偏振组合以及任何入射角的入射波。 首先使用阻抗匹配方法计算在有损基板上的单个均匀层产生零反射率所需的厚度和复折射率。 然后计算等效于长波长极限中的单一均匀层的矩形凹槽表面浮雕光栅的填充因子和凹槽深度。 然后通过反应离子蚀刻，电子束光刻或全息术在有损的衬底上形成表面浮雕光栅。
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公开(公告)号：US06542668B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-01
申请号：US09848925
申请日：2001-05-03
申请人： Thomas K. Gaylord , Gregory D. VanWiggeren , Donald D. Davis , Elias N. Glytsis , Emmanuel Anemogiannis
发明人： Thomas K. Gaylord , Gregory D. VanWiggeren , Donald D. Davis , Elias N. Glytsis , Emmanuel Anemogiannis
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G01N21/4788 , G01D5/35316 , G01D5/35387 , G01N21/552 , G01N2021/7783 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02147 , G02B6/02185
摘要： An apparatus for measuring environmental parameters comprising an optical fiber-based sensor having thermally-induced diffraction gratings therein which are stable at very high temperatures for many hours. The diffraction gratings are, preferably, formed in an optical fiber by exposure to light from an infrared laser and do not degrade at high temperatures. A system for measuring an environmental parameter includes an optical fiber-based sensor, a light source, and a detector. According to a method of measuring an environmental parameter, the optical fiber-based sensor is positioned within a high-temperature environment having a parameter desired for measurement. The light source directs light into the optical fiber-based sensor. The detector measures the differential diffraction of the light output from the optical fiber-based sensor and determines a value of the environmental parameter based, at least in part, upon a known correlation between the differential diffraction and the environmental parameter.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量环境参数的装置，包括其中具有热诱导衍射光栅的基于光纤的传感器，其在非常高的温度下稳定许多小时。 优选地，衍射光栅通过暴露于来自红外激光的光而在光纤中形成，并且在高温下不会降解。 用于测量环境参数的系统包括基于光纤的传感器，光源和检测器。 根据测定环境参数的方法，基于光纤的传感器位于具有测量所需参数的高温环境中。 光源将光引导到基于光纤的传感器中。 检测器测量来自基于光纤的传感器的光输出的差分衍射，并且至少部分地基于差分衍射和环境参数之间的已知相关性来确定环境参数的值。
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公开(公告)号：US4985737A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-15
申请号：US272175
申请日：1988-11-16
CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 , H01L29/122 , H01L29/152 , H01L29/155 , H01L29/86 , Y10S977/759 , Y10S977/761
摘要： Solid state quantum mechanical electron or hole wave devices which are analogous to optical thin-film devices provide, among other things, energy selectivity for substantially ballistic electron or hole wave propagation in superlattice structures at energies above the superlattice potential energy barriers. Further, in accordance with the inventive method, the inventive devices may be designed by transforming existing optical thin-film design methods and existing optical interference filter designs into inventive semiconductor devices. This transformation from existing optical design methods and existing optical interference filter designs into semiconductor devices is performed for electron devices by mapping the optical phase index of refraction into a first solid state index of refraction for phase quantities which is proportional to the square root of the product of the electron kinetic energy and the electron effective mass and by mapping the optical amplitude index of refraction into a second solid state index of refraction for amplitude quantities which is proportional to the square root of the electron kinetic energy divided by the electron effective mass.
摘要翻译： 类似于光学薄膜器件的固态量子力学电子或空穴波器件尤其提供了在超晶格势垒能量以上的能量下在超晶格结构中的基本弹道电子或空穴波传播的能量选择性。 此外，根据本发明的方法，可以通过将现有的光学薄膜设计方法和现有的光学干涉滤光器设计转变为本发明的半导体器件来设计本发明的器件。 对于电子器件，通过将光学相位折射率映射到与产品的平方根成比例的相位量的第一固态折射率来对现有的光学设计方法和现有的光学干涉滤光器设计进行半导体器件的转换 的电子动能和电子有效质量，并且通过将光学振幅折射率映射到与电子动能的平方根除以电子有效质量成比例的幅度量的第二固体折射率折射率。
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