公开(公告)号：US4876209A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-24

申请号：US351063

申请日：1989-05-12

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L31/107

CPC classification number: H01L31/1075 ,  Y10S148/07

Abstract: The disclosed invention as directed to a semiconductor material avalanche photodiode of a separate multiplication and absorption region heterostructure design (SAM-APD). The improved SAM-APD of this invention is characterized by a plurality of floating guard rings which are separated about a central region and doped in the opposite high concentration from that of the multiplication region in which they are positioned. These rings float in the sense that they have no contact with the metalized p-contact of the photodiode; and, therefore, no direct contact with the current source. This structure results in an enhanced avalanche effect in the central region with limited edge breakdown undesirable consequences. In addition to this structure, an alternative embodiment suggest the use of both a floating ring and thin slab below the central region, of a dimension slightly smaller than the smaller region and concentric with it to achieve an optimized central avalanche breakdown with reducd edge breakdown of the electric fields formed during reversed biasing of the APD (avalanche photodiode).

Abstract translation: 所公开的本发明涉及一种单独的乘法和吸收区域异质结构设计（SAM-APD）的半导体材料雪崩光电二极管。 本发明的改进的SAM-APD的特征在于多个浮动保护环，其围绕中心区域分离并且以与它们所位于的乘法区域相反的高浓度掺杂。 这些环浮动在它们与光电二极管的金属化p-接触不接触的意义上; 因此，与目前的来源不直接接触。 这种结构导致中心区域中的雪崩效应增加，边缘破裂有限，不利影响。 除了这种结构之外，替代实施例提出了在中心区域下方的浮动环和薄板两者的使用，其尺寸略小于较小区域并与其同心，以实现优化的中心雪崩击穿，并减少边缘击穿 在APD（雪崩光电二极管）的反向偏置期间形成的电场。

公开(公告)号：US4730198A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-08

申请号：US674681

申请日：1984-11-26

Applicant: Michael G. Brown ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Daniel R. Kaplan ,  Paul A. Kohl ,  Yusuke Ota ,  Harvey S. Trop

Inventor： Michael G. Brown ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Daniel R. Kaplan ,  Paul A. Kohl ,  Yusuke Ota ,  Harvey S. Trop

IPC: G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/38 ,  G02B6/42 ,  H01L27/146

CPC classification number: H01L27/14643 ,  G02B6/3636 ,  G02B6/3839 ,  G02B6/4249 ,  G02B6/3652 ,  G02B6/3692

Abstract: Linear arrays of optical fibers are aligned to linear arrays of optoelectronic devices (e.g., photodiodes, diode lasers or LEDs) formed on an elongated chip. The alignment procedure results in a subassembly which includes fiber segments embedded between V-groove mounting blocks and the device array chip affixed to an end face of the blocks.

Abstract translation: 光纤的线性阵列与形成在细长芯片上的光电子器件（例如，光电二极管，二极管激光器或LED）的线性阵列对准。 对准过程产生一个子组件，其中包括嵌入在V形槽安装块之间的光纤段和固定在块的端面上的器件阵列芯片。

公开(公告)号：US4577209A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-18

申请号：US653885

申请日：1984-09-25

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Richard L. Panock

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Richard L. Panock

IPC: H04B10/24 ,  H01L27/14

CPC classification number: H04B10/40

Abstract: A single-wavelength, bidirectional fiber optic transmission system is described in which at each terminal the output radiation of a light source (LED or semiconductor laser) is coupled through a small diameter hole in the active area of a photodiode into the core of a larger diameter transmission fiber. On the other hand, radiation propagating through the fiber in the opposite direction exits from the fiber with a large NA so that most of it is incident on the active area of the photodiode and little is lost through the hole. Also described are a number of photodiode configurations for use in such a system, as well as dual photodiodes to perform both signal detection and output monitoring functions.

Abstract translation: 描述了单波长双向光纤传输系统，其中在每个端子处，光源（LED或半导体激光器）的输出辐射通过光电二极管的有源区域中的小直径孔耦合到较大的核心中 直径传输光纤。 另一方面，沿相反方向传播通过光纤的辐射以大的NA离开纤维，使得其大部分入射到光电二极管的有源区域上，并且几乎不通过孔而损失。 还描述了用于这种系统的多个光电二极管配置以及执行信号检测和输出监视功能的双光电二极管。

公开(公告)号：US10074820B2

公开(公告)日：2018-09-11

申请号：US14429929

申请日：2013-09-26

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson

IPC: H01L51/42

CPC classification number: H01L51/422 ,  H01L31/02322 ,  H01L31/055 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0058 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/4213 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a photosensitive optoelectronic device comprising two electrodes, an inorganic subcell positioned between the two electrodes, wherein the inorganic subcell comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor material having a band gap energy (EG), and an organic sensitizing window layer disposed on the inorganic subcell. In one aspect, the organic sensitizing window layer comprises a singlet fission material. In another aspect, the organic sensitizing window layer comprises a singlet fission host and a phosphorescent emitter dopant, where the singlet fission host exhibits an excitation triplet energy (ET-SF) greater than or equal to an excitation triplet energy (ET-PE) exhibited by the phosphorescent emitter dopant.

公开(公告)号：US09515275B2

公开(公告)日：2016-12-06

申请号：US12605958

申请日：2009-10-26

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Rhonda F. Bailey-Salzman

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Rhonda F. Bailey-Salzman

IPC: H01L51/42 ,  H01L51/44 ,  H01L21/228 ,  H01L21/22 ,  H01L27/30 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  H01L21/2225 ,  H01L21/228 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H01L51/441 ,  H01L51/442 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices grown in an inverted manner. An inverted organic photosensitive optoelectronic device of the present disclosure comprises a reflective electrode, an organic donor-acceptor heterojunction over the reflective electrode, and a transparent electrode on top of the donor-acceptor heterojunction.

Abstract translation: 本公开涉及以倒置方式生长的有机光敏光电子器件。 本公开的倒置的有机光敏光电子器件包括反射电极，反射电极上的有机施主 - 受体异质结，以及供体 - 受体异质结顶部的透明电极。

公开(公告)号：US09373666B2

公开(公告)日：2016-06-21

申请号：US13034776

申请日：2011-02-25

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Christopher Kyle Renshaw

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Christopher Kyle Renshaw

IPC: H05K1/00 ,  H01L27/30 ,  H05K13/04 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L27/14692 ,  H01L27/14609 ,  H01L27/14612 ,  H01L27/307 ,  H01L27/3253 ,  H01L51/0021 ,  H01L51/0022 ,  H01L51/0097 ,  H01L2251/5338 ,  H05K13/046 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913

Abstract: Systems and methods including bonding two or more separately formed circuit layers are provided using, for example, cold welding techniques. Processing techniques may be provided for combining inorganic and/or organic semiconductor devices in apparatus including, for example, microchips, optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, photodetectors and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and other apparatus with multi-layer circuitry. Methods of bonding preformed circuit layers may include the use of stamping and pressure bonding contacts of two or more circuit layers together. Such methods may find applicability, for example, in bonding circuitry to shaped substrates, including various rounded and irregular shapes, and may be used to combine devices with different structural properties, e.g. from different materials systems.

Abstract translation: 使用例如冷焊技术提供包括接合两个或更多个单独形成的电路层的系统和方法。 可以提供加工技术，用于将无机和/或有机半导体器件组合在包括例如微芯片，诸如太阳能电池，光电检测器和有机发光二极管（OLED）的光电子器件的设备中，以及具有多层电路的其它设备。 键合预成型电路层的方法可以包括使用两个或多个电路层的冲压和压接触点在一起。 这种方法可以发现适用性，例如在将电路连接到成形基板上，包括各种圆形和不规则形状，并且可用于组合具有不同结构特性的装置，例如， 从不同的材料系统。

公开(公告)号：US09270086B2

公开(公告)日：2016-02-23

申请号：US12511797

申请日：2009-07-29

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Stephane Kena-Cohen ,  Noel Giebink

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Stephane Kena-Cohen ,  Noel Giebink

IPC: H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/36 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01S5/183

CPC classification number: H01S5/36 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01S5/041 ,  H01S5/183

Abstract: A device is provided. The device includes a first organic light emitting device, which further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device also includes a first laser device, which further comprises an optical cavity and an organic lasing material disposed within the optical cavity. A focus mechanism is disposed to focus light emitted by the first organic light emitting device onto the first laser device. Preferably, the focus mechanism provides light incident on the first laser device at least 10 times greater, and more preferably at least 100 times greater, in intensity than the light emitted by the first organic light emitting device.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种设备。 该器件包括第一有机发光器件，其还包括第一电极，第二电极和设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的有机发光层。 该装置还包括第一激光装置，该第一激光装置还包括设置在光腔内的光学腔和有机激光材料。 设置聚焦机构以将由第一有机发光器件发射的光聚焦到第一激光器件上。 优选地，聚焦机构提供入射到第一激光器件上的光的强度比由第一有机发光器件发射的光的强度高至少10倍，更优选至少100倍。

公开(公告)号：US20150303377A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-22

申请号：US13564953

申请日：2012-08-02

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Matthew T. Whited ,  Niral M. Patel ,  Peter I. Djurovich ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Kathryn R. Allen ,  Cong Trinh

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Matthew T. Whited ,  Niral M. Patel ,  Peter I. Djurovich ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Kathryn R. Allen ,  Cong Trinh

IPC: H01L51/00 ,  C07F3/06 ,  C07F5/02

CPC classification number: H01L51/008 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  C07F3/06 ,  C07F5/022 ,  C09B23/0008 ,  C09B23/04 ,  C09B23/10 ,  C09B23/105 ,  C09B57/00 ,  C09B57/10 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0092 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L51/44 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to chromophoric compounds that combine strong absorption of light at visible wavelengths with the ability to undergo symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and their use for the generation of free carriers in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and electric-field-stabilized geminate polaron pairs. The present disclosure also relates to the synthesis of such compounds, methods of manufacture, and applications in photovoltaic systems and organic lasers.

Abstract translation: 本公开内容通常涉及将可见波长的光的强吸收与经历对称断裂分子内电荷转移（ICT）的能力结合的发色化合物及其在有机光伏电池（OPV）和电气中产生游离载体的用途 场稳定的双子极化子对。 本公开还涉及这种化合物的合成，制造方法以及在光伏系统和有机激光器中的应用。

公开(公告)号：US09118026B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-25

申请号：US13232770

申请日：2011-09-14

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Ning Li

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Ning Li

IPC: H01L31/07 ,  H01L51/42 ,  H01L31/18 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/4213 ,  H01L31/07 ,  H01L31/184 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: Disclosed is a device comprising: an anode; a cathode; an inorganic substrate; and at least one organic window layer positioned between: the anode and the inorganic substrate; or the cathode and the inorganic substrate. Also disclosed is a method of enhancing the performance of a photosensitive device having an anode, a cathode, and an inorganic substrate, comprising: positioning at least one organic window layer between the anode and the cathode. In one embodiment the organic window layer may absorb light and generate excitons that migrate to the inorganic where they convert to photocurrent, thereby increasing the efficiency of the device. Also disclosed is a method of enhancing Schottky barrier height of a photosensitive device, the method being substantially similar to the previously defined method.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种装置，包括：阳极; 阴极 无机基体; 以及至少一个有机窗口层，位于：阳极和无机基底之间; 或阴极和无机基板。 还公开了一种增强具有阳极，阴极和无机衬底的感光装置的性能的方法，包括：在阳极和阴极之间定位至少一个有机窗口层。 在一个实施例中，有机窗口层可以吸收光并产生迁移到无机的激子，在那里它们转化为光电流，从而提高器件的效率。 还公开了一种提高感光器件的肖特基势垒高度的方法，该方法基本上类似于先前定义的方法。

公开(公告)号：US09029837B2

公开(公告)日：2015-05-12

申请号：US13271993

申请日：2011-10-12

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jeramy Zimmerman ,  Eric K. Yu ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Cong Trinh ,  Matthew Whited ,  Vlacheslav Diev

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jeramy Zimmerman ,  Eric K. Yu ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Cong Trinh ,  Matthew Whited ,  Vlacheslav Diev

IPC: H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/42 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/56

CPC classification number: H01L51/0092 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0003 ,  H01L51/001 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0047 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/009 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5056 ,  H01L51/5072 ,  H01L51/56 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: Coordinating additives are included in porphyrinoid-based materials to promote intermolecular organization and improve one or more photoelectric characteristics of the materials. The coordinating additives are selected from fullerene compounds and organic compounds having free electron pairs. Combinations of different coordinating additives can be used to tailor the characteristic properties of such porphyrinoid-based materials, including porphyrin oligomers. Bidentate ligands are one type of coordinating additive that can form coordination bonds with a central metal ion of two different porphyrinoid compounds to promote porphyrinoid alignment and/or pi-stacking. The coordinating additives can shift the absorption spectrum of a photoactive material toward higher wavelengths, increase the external quantum efficiency of the material, or both.

Abstract translation: 配合添加剂包括在卟啉类材料中，以促进分子间组织，改善材料的一种或多种光电特性。 配位添加剂选自具有自由电子对的富勒烯化合物和有机化合物。 可以使用不同配位添加剂的组合来定制这种卟啉类物质的特征，包括卟啉低聚物。 二齿配体是可以与两种不同卟啉类化合物的中心金属离子形成配位键的一种配位添加剂，以促进卟啉类比对和/或π-叠层。 配位添加剂可将光活性材料的吸收光谱向较高波长移动，提高材料的外部量子效率，或两者兼有。