公开(公告)号：US4730198A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-08

申请号：US674681

申请日：1984-11-26

申请人： Michael G. Brown ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Daniel R. Kaplan ,  Paul A. Kohl ,  Yusuke Ota ,  Harvey S. Trop

发明人： Michael G. Brown ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Daniel R. Kaplan ,  Paul A. Kohl ,  Yusuke Ota ,  Harvey S. Trop

IPC分类号： G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/38 ,  G02B6/42 ,  H01L27/146

CPC分类号： H01L27/14643 ,  G02B6/3636 ,  G02B6/3839 ,  G02B6/4249 ,  G02B6/3652 ,  G02B6/3692

摘要： Linear arrays of optical fibers are aligned to linear arrays of optoelectronic devices (e.g., photodiodes, diode lasers or LEDs) formed on an elongated chip. The alignment procedure results in a subassembly which includes fiber segments embedded between V-groove mounting blocks and the device array chip affixed to an end face of the blocks.

摘要翻译： 光纤的线性阵列与形成在细长芯片上的光电子器件（例如，光电二极管，二极管激光器或LED）的线性阵列对准。 对准过程产生一个子组件，其中包括嵌入在V形槽安装块之间的光纤段和固定在块的端面上的器件阵列芯片。

公开(公告)号：US4414066A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-08

申请号：US416472

申请日：1982-09-10

申请人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul A. Kohl ,  Richard L. Panock

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul A. Kohl ,  Richard L. Panock

IPC分类号： C25F3/12 ,  H01L21/3063 ,  H01L21/465 ,  H01L21/467

CPC分类号： H01L21/467 ,  C25F3/12 ,  H01L21/30635 ,  H01L21/465

摘要： A procedure is described for electrochemically photoetching n-type and intrinsic compound semiconductors. The process involves applying a potential to the compound semiconductor while it is in contact with an electrolytic solution and irradiating the surface to be etched with light in a certain energy range. By suitable adjustment in the potential, electrolytic solution composition and light energy, the etch rate is made proportional to the light intensity. By suitable variation in light intensity and light-ray direction, various geometrical features can be made on the surface of the compound semiconductor. For example, a hole with straight sides can be made in the compound semiconductor by use of a light spot and parallel (collimated) light rays. An advantageous application of this process is the fabrication of a photodiode with a hole in the center for use in bidirectional communication systems and to monitor power output for optical communication sources. The advantage of this process is that no damage occurs outside etched hole so that a maximum area of the photodiode remains active for detecting incoming radiation. Another advantage of the process is that etching will stop where the material becomes p-type so that etching can be made to stop automatically at a p/n junction.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于电化学光刻n型和本征化合物半导体的方法。 该方法包括在化合物半导体与电解液接触的同时施加电位，并在一定的能量范围内用光照射被蚀刻的表面。 通过适当调整电位，电解液组成和光能，刻蚀速率与光强成正比。 通过适当的光强度和光线方向的变化，可以在化合物半导体的表面上形成各种几何特征。 例如，可以通过使用光点和平行（准直）光线在化合物半导体中制造具有直边的孔。 该方法的有利应用是制造在中心具有用于双向通信系统的孔的光电二极管，并监视光通信源的功率输出。 该方法的优点是在蚀刻孔外部不产生损伤，使得光电二极管的最大面积保持活跃以检测入射辐射。 该方法的另一个优点是，在材料变为p型的情况下，蚀刻将停止，使得蚀刻可以在p / n结处自动停止。

公开(公告)号：US4756590A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-12

申请号：US771785

申请日：1985-09-03

申请人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Yusuke Ota

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Yusuke Ota

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G02B5/14

CPC分类号： G02B6/423 ,  G02B6/4214 ,  G02B6/4249

摘要： Disclosed is an optical package including at least one electro-optical component aligned with at least one optical fiber. The electro-optical component is mounted on a surface which is essentially parallel to, but not coplanar with, the longitudinal axis of the fiber and light is coupled between the fiber and component by bending the light path. Electrical connection to the component is provided by conductors mounted over the same surface, thus producing a compact package. The invention is used preferably with arrays of components and fibers to eliminate the need for a vertical fanout to contact the components.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种光学封装，其包括至少一个与至少一个光纤对准的电光部件。 电光学部件安装在基本上与光纤的纵轴平行但不共面的表面上，并且光通过弯曲光路而耦合在光纤和部件之间。 与组件的电气连接由安装在同一表面上的导体提供，从而产生紧凑的封装。 本发明优选地使用组件和纤维的阵列，以消除垂直扇出物与组件接触的需要。

公开(公告)号：US09793481B2

公开(公告)日：2017-10-17

申请号：US12331062

申请日：2008-12-09

申请人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Momchil T. Mihnev ,  Andre D. Taylor ,  Xin Xu

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Momchil T. Mihnev ,  Andre D. Taylor ,  Xin Xu

IPC分类号： H01L51/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/0021

摘要： A method is provided. A first layer is provided over a substrate, the first layer comprising a first material. A patterned second layer is applied over the first layer via stamping. The second layer comprising a second material. The second layer covers a first portion of the first layer, and does not cover a second portion of the first layer. The second portion of the first layer is removed via a subtractive process while the first portion of the first layer is protected from removal by the patterned second layer.

公开(公告)号：US09496315B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-15

申请号：US12859496

申请日：2010-08-19

申请人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Christopher Kyle Renshaw

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Christopher Kyle Renshaw

IPC分类号： H01L51/44 ,  H01L27/30 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/28 ,  H01L51/10 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/05 ,  H01L51/42

CPC分类号： H01L27/307 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/283 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/0541 ,  H01L51/105 ,  H01L51/424

摘要： Top-gate, bottom-contact organic thin film transistors are provided. The transistors may include metal bilayer electrodes to aid in charge movement within the device. In an embodiment, an organic transistor includes a drain electrode and a source electrode disposed over a first region of a substrate, a transition metal oxide layer disposed over and in direct physical contact with the drain electrode and the source electrode, an organic preferentially hole conducting channel layer disposed over the metal oxide and between the drain electrode and the source electrode, and a gate electrode disposed over the channel.

摘要翻译： 提供了顶栅，底接触有机薄膜晶体管。 晶体管可以包括金属双层电极，以帮助器件内的电荷移动。 在一个实施例中，有机晶体管包括设置在衬底的第一区域上的漏电极和源电极，设置在漏电极和源电极上并与漏电极和源电极直接物理接触的过渡金属氧化物层，有机优先导孔 沟道层设置在金属氧化物之上，并且在漏电极和源电极之间，以及设置在沟道上的栅电极。

公开(公告)号：US20160254101A1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-01

申请号：US15030881

申请日：2014-10-27

申请人： Stephen R. FORREST ,  Xin XIAO ,  Kevin BERGEMANN ,  Anurag PANDA ,  Jeramy D. ZIMMERMAN ,  Brian E. LASSITER ,  Mark E. THOMPSON ,  Andrew N. BARTYNSKI ,  Cong THINH ,  Xiaozhou CHE

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xiao ,  Jeramy D. Zimmerman ,  Kevin Bergemann ,  Anurag Panda ,  Brian E. Lassiter ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Andrew N. Bartynski ,  Cong Trinh ,  Xiaozhou Che

IPC分类号： H01G9/20 ,  H01L31/0216

CPC分类号： H01L51/4273 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： Disclosed herein are organic photosensitive devices including a first subcell and a second subcell and having at least one exciton-blocking charge carrier filter disposed between the subcells. The filters comprise a mixture of at least one wide energy gap material and at least one electron or hole conducting material. As described herein, the filters simultaneously block excitons and conduct the desired charge carrier (electrons or holes).

摘要翻译： 本文公开了包括第一子电池和第二子电池并且具有设置在子电池之间的至少一个激子阻挡电荷载流子过滤器的有机光敏器件。 过滤器包括至少一个宽能隙材料和至少一个电子或空穴传导材料的混合物。 如本文所述，滤光器同时阻止激子并传导所需的电荷载流子（电子或空穴）。

公开(公告)号：US08987589B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US11486163

申请日：2006-07-14

申请人： Barry Rand ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Diana Pendergrast Burk

发明人： Barry Rand ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Diana Pendergrast Burk

IPC分类号： H01L31/0256 ,  H01L51/42 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/30 ,  H01L51/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/4246 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0071 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： An organic photovoltaic cell includes an anode and a cathode, and a plurality of organic semiconductor layers between the anode and the cathode. At least one of the anode and the cathode is transparent. Each two adjacent layers of the plurality of organic semiconductor layers are in direct contact. The plurality of organic semiconductor layers includes an intermediate layer consisting essentially of a photoconductive material, and two sets of at least three layers. A first set of at least three layers is between the intermediate layer and the anode. Each layer of the first set consists essentially of a different organic semiconductor material having a higher LUMO and a higher HOMO, relative to the material of an adjacent layer of the plurality of organic semiconductor layers closer to the cathode. A second set of at least three layers is between the intermediate layer and the cathode. Each layer of the second set consists essentially of a different organic semiconductor material having a lower LUMO and a lower HOMO, relative to the material of an adjacent layer of the plurality of organic semiconductor layers closer to the anode.

摘要翻译： 有机光伏电池包括阳极和阴极，以及在阳极和阴极之间的多个有机半导体层。 阳极和阴极中的至少一个是透明的。 多个有机半导体层中的每两相邻层直接接触。 多个有机半导体层包括基本上由光电导材料组成的中间层和两组至少三层。 中间层和阳极之间至少有三层的第一组。 相对于更靠近阴极的多个有机半导体层的相邻层的材料，第一组的每个层基本上由具有较高LUMO和较高HOMO的不同有机半导体材料组成。 第二组至少三层在中间层和阴极之间。 相对于更靠近阳极的多个有机半导体层的相邻层的材料，第二组的每个层基本上由具有较低LUMO和较低HOMO的不同有机半导体材料组成。

公开(公告)号：US08816332B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-26

申请号：US13400963

申请日：2012-02-21

申请人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Brian E. Lassiter

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Brian E. Lassiter

IPC分类号： H01L29/08 ,  H01L35/24 ,  H01L51/00

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0047 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/006 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： The present disclosure relates to photosensitive optoelectronic devices including a compound blocking layer located between an acceptor material and a cathode, the compound blocking layer including: at least one electron conducting material, and at least one wide-gap electron conducting exciton blocking layer. For example, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) and 1,4,5,8-napthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) function as electron conducting and exciton blocking layers when interposed between the acceptor layer and cathode. Both materials serve as efficient electron conductors, leading to a fill factor as high as 0.70. By using an NTCDA/PTCBI compound blocking layer structure increased power conversion efficiency is achieved, compared to an analogous device using a conventional blocking layers shown to conduct electrons via damage-induced midgap states.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及包括位于受主材料和阴极之间的化合物阻挡层的光敏光电子器件，所述化合物阻挡层包括：至少一种电子传导材料和至少一个宽间隙电子传导激子阻挡层。 例如，当介于受体层和阴极之间时，3,4,9,10苝四羧酸双苯并咪唑（PTCBI）和1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐（NTCDA）作为电子传导和激子阻断层发挥作用。 这两种材料都是高效的电子导体，导致高达0.70的填充因子。 与使用传统阻挡层的类似器件相比，通过使用NTCDA / PTCBI化合物阻挡层结构提高了功率转换效率，所示的传统阻挡层通过损伤诱导的中间隙状态传导电子。

公开(公告)号：US08637345B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-28

申请号：US13525539

申请日：2012-06-18

申请人： Changsoon Kim ,  Stephen R. Forrest

发明人： Changsoon Kim ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC分类号： H01L51/40

CPC分类号： H01L51/0022 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0004 ,  H01L51/0516 ,  H01L51/0545

摘要： Methods of transferring a metal and/or organic layer from a patterned stamp, preferably a soft, elastomeric stamp, to a substrate are provided. The patterned metal or organic layer may be used for example, in a wide range of electronic devices. The present methods are particularly suitable for nanoscale patterning of organic electronic components.

摘要翻译： 提供了将金属和/或有机层从图案化的印模，优选软的弹性体印模转移到基底的方法。 图案化的金属或有机层可以用于例如广泛的电子器件中。 本发明的方法特别适用于有机电子元件的纳米尺度图案化。

公开(公告)号：US08633497B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-21

申请号：US12731249

申请日：2010-03-25

申请人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Richard Lunt

发明人： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Richard Lunt

IPC分类号： H01L51/52

CPC分类号： H01L51/5203 ,  H01L27/3244 ,  H01L33/24 ,  H01L51/5271 ,  H01L51/5275 ,  H01L2251/5315

摘要： A first device is provided. The first device includes an organic light emitting device, which further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the first and second electrode. Preferably, the second electrode is more transparent than the first electrode. The organic emissive layer has a first portion shaped to form an indentation in the direction of the first electrode, and a second portion shaped to form a protrusion in the direction of the second electrode. The first device may include a plurality of organic light emitting devices. The indentation may have a shape that is formed from a partial sphere, a partial cylinder, a pyramid, or a pyramid with a mesa, among others. The protrusions may be formed between adjoining indentations or between an indentation and a surface parallel to the substrate.

摘要翻译： 提供第一个设备。 第一器件包括有机发光器件，其还包括设置在第一和第二电极之间的第一电极，第二电极和有机发光层。 优选地，第二电极比第一电极更透明。 有机发光层具有成形为在第一电极的方向上形成凹陷的第一部分和形成为在第二电极的方向上形成突起的第二部分。 第一装置可以包括多个有机发光装置。 凹陷可以具有由局部球体，部分圆柱体，金字塔形或具有台面的金字塔等形成的形状。 突起可以形成在相邻的凹陷之间或者在凹陷和平行于基底的表面之间。