APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
    192.
    发明申请
    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 审中-公开
    用于产生电磁辐射的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号:US20160227639A1

    公开(公告)日:2016-08-04

    申请号:US15014401

    申请日:2016-02-03

    IPC分类号: H05G2/00

    摘要: An apparatus includes at least one conductive layer, an electromagnetic (EM) wave source, and an electron source. The conductive layer has a thickness less than 5 nm. The electromagnetic (EM) wave source is in electromagnetic communication with the at least one conductive layer and transmits a first EM wave at a first wavelength in the at least one conductive layer so as to generate a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field near a surface of the at least one conductive layer. The electron source propagates an electron beam at least partially in the SPP field so as to generate a second EM wave at a second wavelength less than the first wavelength.

    摘要翻译: 一种装置包括至少一个导电层,电磁(EM)波源和电子源。 导电层的厚度小于5nm。 所述电磁(EM)波源与所述至少一个导电层电磁通信,并且在所述至少一个导电层中透射第一波长的第一EM波,以便在表面附近产生表面等离子体激元(SPP)场 的至少一个导电层。 电子源至少部分地在SPP场中传播电子束,以便在小于第一波长的第二波长处产生第二EM波。

    Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers
    194.
    发明授权
    Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers 有权
    光子晶体发射激光器

    公开(公告)号:US09065249B2

    公开(公告)日:2015-06-23

    申请号:US14525795

    申请日:2014-10-28

    摘要: A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) includes a gain medium electromagnetically coupled to a photonic crystal whose energy band structure exhibits a Dirac cone of linear dispersion at the center of the photonic crystal's Brillouin zone. This Dirac cone's vertex is called a Dirac point; because it is at the Brillouin zone center, it is called an accidental Dirac point. Tuning the photonic crystal's band structure (e.g., by changing the photonic crystal's dimensions or refractive index) to exhibit an accidental Dirac point increases the photonic crystal's mode spacing by orders of magnitudes and reduces or eliminates the photonic crystal's distributed in-plane feedback. Thus, the photonic crystal can act as a resonator that supports single-mode output from the PCSEL over a larger area than is possible with conventional PCSELs, which have quadratic band edge dispersion. Because output power generally scales with output area, this increase in output area results in higher possible output powers.

    摘要翻译: 光子晶体表面发射激光器(PCSEL)包括与光子晶体电磁耦合的增益介质,其能带结构在光子晶体的布里渊区域的中心处呈现线性色散的狄拉克锥形。 这个狄拉克锥体的顶点称为狄拉克点; 因为它是在布里渊区中心,它被称为意外的狄拉克点。 调整光子晶体的带结构(例如,通过改变光子晶体的尺寸或折射率)以显示出意外的狄拉克点,使光子晶体的模式间隔增加数量级,并且减少或消除光子晶体的分布在平面内的反馈。 因此,光子晶体可以作为一个谐振器,它支持来自PCSEL的单模输出在比具有二次带边缘色散的常规PCSEL更大的区域上。 由于输出功率通常随输出面积而增加,所以输出面积的增加导致更高的输出功率。

    Continuous-wave organic dye lasers and methods
    196.
    发明授权
    Continuous-wave organic dye lasers and methods 有权
    连续波有机染料激光和方法

    公开(公告)号:US08837550B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-09-16

    申请号:US13787399

    申请日:2013-03-06

    IPC分类号: H01S3/20 H01S3/091

    摘要: An organic dye laser produces a continuous-wave (cw) output without any moving parts (e.g., without using flowing dye streams or spinning discs of solid-state dye media to prevent photobleaching) and with a pump beam that is stationary with respect to the organic dye medium. The laser's resonant cavity, organic dye medium, and pump beam are configured to excite a lasing transition over a time scale longer than the associated decay lifetimes in the organic dye medium without photobleaching the organic dye medium. Because the organic dye medium does not photobleach when operating in this manner, it may be pumped continuously so as to emit a cw output beam. In some examples, operation in this manner lowers the lasing threshold (e.g., to only a few Watts per square centimeter), thereby facilitating electrical pumping for cw operation.

    摘要翻译: 有机染料激光器产生没有任何移动部件的连续波(cw)输出(例如,不使用固态染料介质的流动染料流或旋转盘以防止漂白),并且使用相对于 有机染料介质。 激光器的谐振腔,有机染料介质和泵浦光束被配置成比有机染料介质中相关联的衰减寿命更长时间地激发激光跃迁,而无需漂白有机染料介质。 因为有机染料介质以这种方式操作时不会漂白,所以可以连续地泵送以发射cw输出光束。 在一些示例中,以这种方式的操作降低了激光阈值(例如,每平方厘米仅为几瓦特),从而便于cw操作的电泵送。

    DISCRIMINATING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION BASED ON ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
    199.
    发明申请
    DISCRIMINATING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION BASED ON ANGLE OF INCIDENCE 有权
    基于角度分辨电磁辐射

    公开(公告)号:US20120037217A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-02-16

    申请号:US13186159

    申请日:2011-07-19

    摘要: The present invention provides systems, articles, and methods for discriminating electromagnetic radiation based upon the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, the materials and systems described herein can be capable of inhibiting reflection of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., the materials and systems can be capable of transmitting and/or absorbing electromagnetic radiation) within a given range of angles of incidence at a first incident surface, while substantially reflecting electromagnetic radiation outside the range of angles of incidence at a second incident surface (which can be the same as or different from the first incident surface). A photonic material comprising a plurality of periodically occurring separate domains can be used, in some cases, to selectively transmit and/or selectively absorb one portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation while reflecting another portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation, based upon the angle of incidence. In some embodiments, one domain of the photonic material can include an isotropic dielectric function, while another domain of the photonic material can include an anisotropic dielectric function. In some instances, one domain of the photonic material can include an isotropic magnetic permeability, while another domain of the photonic material can include an anisotropic magnetic permeability. In some embodiments, non-photonic materials (e.g., materials with relatively large scale features) can be used to selectively absorb incoming electromagnetic radiation based on angle of incidence.

    摘要翻译: 本发明提供了用于基于电磁辐射的入射角鉴别电磁辐射的系统,物品和方法。 在一些情况下,本文描述的材料和系统能够抑制电磁辐射的反射(例如,材料和系统能够在第一次事件的给定入射角范围内传播和/或吸收电磁辐射) 同时在第二入射表面(其可以与第一入射表面相同或不同)的入射角范围之外基本上反射电磁辐射。 可以使用包括多个周期性发生的分离区域的光子材料,在某些情况下,可以基于入射角来选择性地传输和/或选择性地吸收一部分进入的电磁辐射,同时反射入射电磁辐射的另一部分。 在一些实施例中,光子材料的一个区域可以包括各向同性介电函数,而光子材料的另一个畴可以包括各向异性介电函数。 在一些情况下,光子材料的一个畴可以包括各向同性磁导率,而光子材料的另一个畴可以包括各向异性的磁导率。 在一些实施例中,非光子材料(例如,具有相对较大尺度特征的材料)可用于基于入射角选择性地吸收进入的电磁辐射。

    Nonlinear harmonic generation and devices in doubly-resonant Kerr cavities
    200.
    发明授权
    Nonlinear harmonic generation and devices in doubly-resonant Kerr cavities 有权
    非线性谐波产生和双谐振克尔腔中的器件

    公开(公告)号:US08045257B2

    公开(公告)日:2011-10-25

    申请号:US12470798

    申请日:2009-05-22

    IPC分类号: G02F1/35

    摘要: A nonlinear harmonic generation system is provided. The nonlinear harmonic generation system includes a waveguide channel receives and propagates electromagnetic signals. A resonant cavity is coupled to the waveguide channel. The resonant cavity structure includes a plurality of resonant modes into which electromagnetic energy is coupled during the operation of the system. One of the resonant modes includes a resonant frequency that changes during operation of the system to reach either an input-signal frequency or a harmonic frequency for a majority of the time in which harmonic generation is occurring. Both reflected and harmonic fields are emitted back into the waveguide channel so as to allow efficient harmonic generation at a specified critical input power.

    摘要翻译: 提供非线性谐波发生系统。 非线性谐波发生系统包括波导通道接收和传播电磁信号。 谐振腔耦合到波导通道。 谐振腔结构包括多个谐振模式,在系统的操作期间电磁能耦合到其中。 谐振模式之一包括在系统运行期间发生谐波频率的谐振频率,以在发生谐波发生的大部分时间内达到输入信号频率或谐波频率。 反射和谐波场均被发射回波导通道,以便在指定的关键输入功率下实现高效的谐波生成。