公开(公告)号：US5136992A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-11

申请号：US728255

申请日：1991-07-11

Applicant: Werner H. Bregler ,  Dieter Muller-Schwelling

Inventor： Werner H. Bregler ,  Dieter Muller-Schwelling

IPC: C22C38/12 ,  F02F3/00

CPC classification number: F02F3/00 ,  C22C38/12 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0406 ,  F05C2201/0409 ,  F05C2201/0448

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a piston has forged sections made of steel, especially in the piston head area, as well as at the hubs, and areas made of light metal, especially in the area of the piston skirt. The previously used quenched and drawn steel 42CrMo4V is to be replaced with a steel that has comparable properties but is more cost effective to manufacture. This replacement steel is a precipitation hardened ferrite-perlite steel.

Abstract translation: 在内燃机中，活塞具有由钢制成的锻造部分，特别是在活塞头部区域，以及在轮毂和由轻金属制成的区域，特别是在活塞裙部区域。 先前使用的淬火和拉伸钢42CrMo4V将被具有可比性能但制造成本更高的钢制替代。 该替代钢是沉淀硬化的铁素体珍珠岩钢。

公开(公告)号：US5132587A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-21

申请号：US494690

申请日：1990-03-16

Applicant: Jerome H. Lemelson

Inventor： Jerome H. Lemelson

IPC: B23D61/18 ,  B24D18/00 ,  B28D1/12 ,  C04B35/80 ,  E21B10/46 ,  F01L3/04 ,  F16C33/04 ,  H05K1/03

CPC classification number: F01L3/04 ,  B23D61/185 ,  B24D18/00 ,  B28D1/12 ,  C04B35/80 ,  E21B10/46 ,  F16C33/04 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F16C2206/04 ,  H05K1/0373

Abstract: New and improved structures in electrodes employed in electrical discharge machinery and the like. In one form, electrodes of a spark plug, such as the side and center electrodes thereof, are entirely coated with a thin layer of synthetic diamond material deposited in situ therein as carbon atoms, carbon atoms containing gas or vapor through which microwave energy is beamed against the surfaces receiving such deposited material which forms a synthetic diamond layer. In another form, select portions of the side and center electrodes of a spark plug, such as the end portions thereof subjected to arcing when sparks are generated therebetween, are coated with thin layers of synthetic diamond or diamond-like material to improve their resistance to heat corrosion and pitting caused by the sparks discharged therebetween and the heat of combustion resulting therefrom. In another form, other types of electrodes, such as high voltage electrodes employed in high voltage equipment, are similarly coated and protected against heat, chemical and electrical degradation and erosion.

Abstract translation: 在放电机械等中使用的电极中的新的和改进的结构。 在一种形式中，火花塞的电极，例如其侧面和中心电极，完全涂覆有作为碳原子原位沉积的合成金刚石材料的薄层，含有气体或蒸气的碳原子通过微波能量被辐射 抵靠形成合成金刚石层的这种沉积材料的表面。 在另一种形式中，选择火花塞的侧面和中心电极的部分，例如当其之间产生火花时其端部遭受电弧的部分，涂覆有合成金刚石或类金刚石材料的薄层，以提高它们对 由其间排出的火花引起的热腐蚀和点蚀以及由此产生的燃烧热。 在另一种形式中，其他类型的电极，例如在高压设备中使用的高电压电极，被类似地涂覆和保护以防止热，化学和电气劣化和侵蚀。

公开(公告)号：US5125811A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-30

申请号：US623660

申请日：1990-12-28

Applicant: Nobuya Amano ,  Naoki Motooka

Inventor： Nobuya Amano ,  Naoki Motooka

IPC: F04C29/00 ,  C22C33/02 ,  F01C21/08

CPC classification number: C22C33/0278 ,  F01C21/0809 ,  F05B2280/10 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T29/49245 ,  Y10T29/49336

Abstract: A compressor vane of a sintered iron-base alloy composed of an iron-base matrix containing hard carbides uniformly dispersed therein, characterized in that the sintered iron-base alloy consists essentially of 0.7 to 1.5% by weight C, 3.0 to 5.0% by weight Cr, 0 to 10.0% by weight Mo, 1 to 20.0% by weight W, 0.5 to 6.0% by weight V, 0 to 15.0% by weight Co and the balance iron and inevitable impurities, and that the compressor vane is produced by molding under a pressure of 5 to 8 ton/cm.sup.2 and then sintering at a temperature of less than 1250.degree. C. so as to control particle size of the hard carbide to not more than 5 .mu.m, as well as to control the theoretical relative density to 80 to 90%, and to control the macro-hardness to 10 to 45 in the Rockwell C scale.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / JP90 / 00561 Sec。 371 1990年12月28日第 102（e）1990年12月28日PCT 1990年4月27日PCT。一种烧结铁基合金的压缩机叶片，由含有均匀分散在其中的硬质碳化物的铁基基体组成，其特征在于，烧结铁基 合金基本上由0.7〜1.5重量％的C，3.0〜5.0重量％的Cr，0〜10.0重量％的Mo，1〜20.0重量％的W，0.5〜6.0重量％的V，0〜15.0重量％ Co和余量为铁和不可避免的杂质，并且压缩机叶片通过在5至8吨/ cm2的压力下成型制备，然后在低于1250℃的温度下烧结，以控制硬度的颗粒尺寸 碳化物不超过5微米，并将理论相对密度控制在80〜90％，并将洛氏C级的宏观硬度控制在10〜45。

公开(公告)号：US5096352A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-17

申请号：US489499

申请日：1990-03-07

Applicant: Jerome H. Lemelson

Inventor： Jerome H. Lemelson

IPC: B23D61/18 ,  B24D18/00 ,  B28D1/12 ,  C04B35/80 ,  E21B10/46 ,  F01L3/04 ,  F16C33/04 ,  H05K1/03

CPC classification number: F16C33/04 ,  B24D18/00 ,  C04B35/80 ,  E21B10/46 ,  F01L3/04 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F16C2206/04 ,  H05K1/0373 ,  Y10S411/902 ,  Y10S411/914

Abstract: Fasteners and fastening devices made of metals, metal alloys, hard high strength ceramic material and the combination of same, are provided wherein all, a select portion or portions of the fasteners are coated with a thin layer or film of synthetic diamond material which is operable to enhance their strength and surface characteristics, insulating ability and resistance to heat and chemical corrosion attack. In one form, a machine screw is totally coated with a thin layer or film of synthetic diamond material. In another form, a select portion of the fastener is so coated. A thin coating of chromium or other suitable solid material is deposited on the outer surface of the diamond coating to protect same against physical attrition during its application and use. In another form, just the threads of machine screws and the like are diamond coated to protect same against corrosion. In a third form, a machine nut is entirely coated with synthetic diamond material which may contain a coating of chromium or the like deposited on the outer surface of the diamond material. In a fourth form, just the threads of such a machine nut are so coated. Other forms of the invention include improved fasteners in the form of pins and non-threaded bolts or the like which are totally or partially coated with synthetic diamond material and, in such instances, overcoated with a thin plating of chromium.

Abstract translation: 提供了由金属，金属合金，硬质高强度陶瓷材料制成的紧固件和紧固装置及其组合，其中所有的紧固件的选择部分或部分被涂覆有可操作的合成金刚石材料的薄层或薄膜 提高其强度和表面特性，绝缘能力和耐热和化学腐蚀攻击。 在一种形式中，机器螺丝完全涂覆有合成金刚石材料的薄层或薄膜。 在另一种形式中，紧固件的选择部分被如此涂覆。 铬或其他合适的固体材料的薄涂层沉积在金刚石涂层的外表面上，以保护其在使用和使用期间免受物理磨损。 在另一种形式中，只有机器螺丝等的螺纹被金刚石涂覆以保护其免受腐蚀。 在第三种形式中，机械螺母被完全涂覆有合成金刚石材料，其可以包含沉积在金刚石材料的外表面上的铬等的涂层。 在第四种形式中，只有这种机械螺母的螺纹被涂覆。 本发明的其它形式包括以合成金刚石材料全部或部分涂覆的销和非螺纹螺栓等形式的改进的紧固件，并且在这种情况下，用铬的薄镀层覆盖。

公开(公告)号：US5090882A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-25

申请号：US557787

申请日：1990-07-26

Applicant: Yukio Serizawa ,  Koichi Sekiguchi ,  Yasuhiro Oshima ,  Tadashi Iizuka

Inventor： Yukio Serizawa ,  Koichi Sekiguchi ,  Yasuhiro Oshima ,  Tadashi Iizuka

IPC: F04C18/356 ,  F01C21/08 ,  F25B1/04

CPC classification number: F01C21/0809 ,  F04C2230/22 ,  F04C2230/92 ,  F05B2230/22 ,  F05B2230/90 ,  F05B2280/10 ,  F05B2280/20 ,  F05B2280/40 ,  F05B2280/50 ,  F05C2201/00 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2203/08 ,  F05C2225/00

Abstract: A rotary compressor has a plate-like hollow vane disposed in sliding contact with a rotary piston. The vane has an internal cavity formed by a plurality of bores each having a substantially rectangular cross-section. The corners of each bore are each formed by a curved concave surface of a radius of curvature which is greater than the thicknesses of the outer walls of the vane. The major side surfaces of the vane are in slidable contact with opposing walls of a vane slot and have surface layers each formed of an oxide film consisting mainly of tri-iron tetraoxide (Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4). The film is finished by smoothing processing, thus attaining a smaller friction between the vane major side surfaces and the vane slot walls and suppressing local wear of the vane slot walls.

Abstract translation: 旋转压缩机具有与旋转活塞滑动接触的板状中空叶片。 叶片具有由多个孔形成的内腔，每个孔具有基本上矩形的横截面。 每个孔的角部各自由曲率半径的弯曲凹面形成，其大于叶片外壁的厚度。 叶片的主要侧表面与叶片槽的相对壁滑动接触，并且具有由主要由三氧化三铁（Fe 3 O 4）组成的氧化膜形成的表面层。 通过平滑处理完成薄膜，从而在叶片主侧面和叶片槽壁之间获得较小的摩擦，并抑制叶片槽壁的局部磨损。

公开(公告)号：US5040454A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US644854

申请日：1991-01-22

Applicant: Benny Ballheimer ,  Stephen G. Shoup

Inventor： Benny Ballheimer ,  Stephen G. Shoup

IPC: B21K1/18 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02F3/00

CPC classification number: F02F3/0069 ,  B21K1/185 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0433 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2251/042 ,  Y10T29/49249 ,  Y10T29/49252

Abstract: Present day diesel engines having aluminum piston assemblies are limited to combustion chamber pressures of approximately 12,410 kPa (1,800 psi) whereas the desire is to increase such pressures up to the 15,170 kPa (2,200 psi) range. To reach such levels the instant piston assembly includes a steel piston member having an upper cylindrical portion of a diameter "D" and a compression height "CH". The ratio of the compression height "CH" to the diameter "D" being within the range of from 60% to 45%. The piston member is preferably forged and subsequently machined to precisely controllable dimensions. Moreover, the piston assembly is preferably of the articulated type and includes a forged aluminum piston skirt connected to the piston member through a common wrist pin. Engine manufacturers are also demanding a smaller engine package size while retaining power output, improve fuel consumption and decreased emissions. The subject piston member provides a simple and inexpensive solution to the increased power output package size relationship. To insure a small engine package, the piston member has a compression height to maximum diameter ratio within the range of from 60% to 45%. The piston member is preferably made from a steel forging to insure a reduced porosity over that of existing standard castings.

Abstract translation: 具有铝活塞组件的现在的柴油发动机限于大约12,410kPa（1800psi）的燃烧室压力，而期望是将这种压力提高到15,170kPa（2,200psi）的范围。 为了达到这种水平，即时活塞组件包括具有直径“D”的上圆柱形部分和压缩高度“CH”的钢活塞件。 压缩高度“CH”与直径“D”的比率在60％至45％的范围内。 活塞构件优选地被锻造并随后被加工成精确可控的尺寸。 此外，活塞组件优选地是铰接型的，并且包括通过公共的手腕销连接到活塞构件的锻造铝活塞裙。 发动机制造商还要求更小的发动机包装尺寸，同时保持动力输出，提高燃料消耗和减少排放。 主体活塞构件为增加的功率输出包装尺寸关系提供了简单且便宜的解决方案。 为了确保小型发动机组件，活塞构件具有在60％至45％范围内的压缩高度与最大直径之比。 活塞构件优选由锻钢制成，以确保孔隙率比现有的标准铸件的孔隙率小。

公开(公告)号：US5033359A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-23

申请号：US330661

申请日：1989-03-29

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F04B1/20

CPC classification number: F04B1/20 ,  F05C2201/0448

Abstract: A fluid machine such as a pump, compressor, engine, motor or transmission has working chambers in a rotor and a concentric rotor - hub is provided in the rotor for the reception of a control body therein. The control body has control ports for the control of flow of fluid into and out of the working chambers of the rotor. Pressure fields form in the clearance between the rotor hub and the control body especially around the control ports. Leakage flows from the pressure fields through portions of the clearance between the rotor - hub and the control body which reduces the efficiency of the machine. Therefore, means are provided in the rotor or in the control body to press those portions of the faces of the rotor hub and of the control body, which have those local pressure fields, together, or to narrow the clearance between these faces in the respective areas where those pressure fields are located, in order to reduce the leakage through the clearance between the faces of the rotor hub and the control body.

Abstract translation: 诸如泵，压缩机，发动机，电动机或变速器的流体机械在转子中具有工作室，并且在转子中设置有用于接收控制体的同心转子毂。 控制体具有用于控制进入和离开转子的工作室的流体流动的控制端口。 压力场形成在转子毂和控制体之间的间隙中，特别是在控制端口周围。 泄漏从压力场流过转子毂和控制体之间的间隙的一部分，这降低了机器的效率。 因此，在转子或控制体中设置有将具有这些局部压力场的转子轮毂和控制体的面部的那些部分压在一起，或者使各个面之间的间隙变窄 为了减少通过转子轮毂的表面与控制体之间的间隙的泄漏，这些压力区域位于这些区域。

公开(公告)号：US5009124A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-23

申请号：US485885

申请日：1990-02-27

Applicant: Olivier Beaurepaire ,  Frederick H. Thompson

Inventor： Olivier Beaurepaire ,  Frederick H. Thompson

IPC: F16J1/16

CPC classification number: F16J1/16 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T403/32861 ,  Y10T74/2162 ,  Y10T74/2173

Abstract: Wrist pins for use in pistons are described. The wrist pin comprises an elongate, substantially hollow member having two spaced-apart convex surface portions of substantially cylindrical or oval curvature, the two convex portions being connected by two walls of different curvature. Because the connecting walls are more nearly in compression and bending loads are minimised a lighter wrist pin for a given application may be produced.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于活塞的腕针。 腕针包括细长的基本上中空的构件，其具有基本上圆柱形或椭圆形曲率的两个间隔开的凸形表面部分，两个凸起部分由两个不同曲率的壁连接。 因为连接壁几乎处于压缩状态并且弯曲负载最小化，所以可以产生用于给定应用的较轻的腕针。

公开(公告)号：US4986231A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-22

申请号：US347451

申请日：1989-05-04

Applicant: Peter W. Brown

Inventor： Peter W. Brown

IPC: B22D19/14 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F7/00 ,  F16J1/01 ,  F16J1/02

CPC classification number: F02F3/00 ,  F02F7/0085 ,  F16J1/02 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2203/0808 ,  F05C2253/16 ,  Y10T29/49259

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a piston comprising the steps of providing a shell comprising graphite fibers formed to include the general shape of an open-ended cylinder having an outer periphery, and casting metal to form at least a portion of the piston so that the shell is included and at least a portion of the outer periphery of the shell is exposed. Also disclosed herein is a piston comprising a mesh of graphite fibers having a generally cylindrical shape and defining mesh voids, structural material filling at least some of the mesh voids so that an exterior cylindrical surface of the piston is defined to include at least portions of at least some of the fibers.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种制造活塞的方法，包括以下步骤：提供包括石墨纤维的壳体，所述壳体形成为包括具有外周边的开放式圆筒的总体形状，以及铸造金属以形成活塞的至少一部分，使得 壳体被包括并且外壳的外周的至少一部分被暴露。 本文还公开了一种活塞，其包括具有大致圆柱形形状并且限定网孔的石墨纤维网，结构材料填充至少一些网孔，使得活塞的外圆柱形表面被限定为至少包括部分 最少的一些纤维。

公开(公告)号：US4986167A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-22

申请号：US356489

申请日：1989-05-25

Applicant: Michael Stratton ,  Clifford O. Jeske

Inventor： Michael Stratton ,  Clifford O. Jeske

IPC: F01M1/08 ,  F01P3/10 ,  F01P3/18 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B23/06 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/22

CPC classification number: F01P3/18 ,  F02B23/0696 ,  F02F3/0069 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F01M2001/086 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02F2003/0061 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: The design and construction of past articulated pistons has failed to include the most efficient cooling reservoir for transferring heat from the piston to the coolant. The present invention overcomes these problems by using an annular cooling recess of a precisely defined cross sectional shape and volume and a baffle plate fixedly sealingly attached in heat conducting relationship to the piston member to form a cooling gallery. The baffle plate has an opening therein and an upwardly extending raised portion to preestablish a trapped volume of coolant therein. The assembly, positioning of the plate and the preestablished trapped volume insures high efficiency of the coolant to absorb heat through the scrubbing action of the coolant on the recess and the heat absorbed by the trapped coolant because of the heat conducting relationship of the plate and the piston member.

Abstract translation: 过去的铰接活塞的设计和结构未能包括用于将热量从活塞传递到冷却剂的最有效的冷却储存器。 本发明通过使用精确限定的横截面形状和体积的环形冷却凹部和与活塞构件以热传导关系固定地密封地附接的挡板形成冷却槽来克服这些问题。 挡板在其中具有开口，并且具有向上延伸的凸起部分以预先建立其中的被捕获的体积的冷却剂。 板的组装，定位和预先建立的被捕获的体积确保了冷却剂的高效率，以通过冷却剂在凹部上的擦洗作用吸收热量以及被捕获的冷却剂吸收的热量，因为板和热板的热传导关系 活塞构件。