Abstract:
Provided are a method of forming a metal layer wiring structure on the backside of a wafer, a metal layer wiring structure formed using the method, a method of stacking a chip package, and a chip package stack structure formed using the method. The method of stacking a chip package includes: forming recess patterns on a backside of wafers; forming a passivation layer on the backside of the wafers except for an area corresponding to a through electrode; forming a metal layer on the passivation layer; planarizing the metal layers to expose only the recess patterns; forming a lower insulating layer on the planarized metal layers except for an area corresponding to a contact portion with another wafer; forming an adhesive layer on the lower insulating layer of each of the wafers; and adhering the wafers to one another, wherein the recess patterns are formed using a laser.
Abstract:
Provided are a motion estimation apparatus and method and an image encoding apparatus and method employing the same. The motion estimation apparatus includes an optimal motion estimation unit performing motion estimation in an initial block mode while skipping remaining block modes excluding the initial block mode from a plurality of block modes of the current block, or performing motion estimation in candidate block modes determined from the plurality of block modes.
Abstract:
A quadrature transceiving system for compensating a direct current (CD) offset, a gain imbalance and a phase imbalance between an I-channel signal and a Q-channel in a quadrature transmitting system is disclosed. The quadrature transceiving system includes a transmitter for detecting a DC offset, a gain imbalance and a phase imbalance by using an average of a data aided signals included in a RF transmitting signal and compensating one of the I-channel and the Q-channel based on the detected imbalances and DC offset; and a receiver for detecting a DC offset, a gain imbalance and a phase imbalance by varying loop filter gain and compensating one of the I-channel and the Q-channel based on the detected imbalances and DC offset.
Abstract:
There are provided an apparatus and method for traffic performance improvement and traffic security in an interactive satellite communication system. The method for traffic performance improvement of an interactive satellite communication system includes the steps of: a) storing an Internet protocol (IP) packet that is received from a user terminal connected to a satellite mobile terminal of the interactive satellite communication system and is to be transmitted to a central station through a satellite; b) transmitting acknowledgement for the stored IP packet to the user terminal by acting for the central station, before the stored IP packet is transmitted to the central station; and c) transmitting the stored IP packet through the satellite to the central station, and retransmitting an unacknowledged IP packet according to a retransmission request of the central station.
Abstract:
A receiving system for estimating symbol timing in a feed-forward manner comprises: a matched filter for receiving baseband signals and dividing them into real and imaginary numbers; a symbol timing estimator for receiving signals from the matched filter and estimating symbol timing using variables; a storage unit for storing the variables and outputting them according to requests of the symbol timing estimator; an interpolator for receiving a symbol timing estimate from the symbol timing estimator, and interpolating symbol-reading timing of the baseband signal; a delayer for delaying the baseband signal input to the interpolator; an RF/IF signal processor for receiving RF signals and performing RF/IF signal processing; and a baseband converter for converting the signal output from the RF/IF signal processor into baseband signals, and outputting them to the matched filter.
Abstract:
Provided is a method for estimating carrier wave or doppler frequency offset based on an approximated quadratic non-linear function in fine search, and a receiver employing the method. The method for estimating frequency offset includes the steps of: a) extracting more than three discrete samples in an order where the discrete samples are close to a maximum value of a power spectrum density function; b) inducing a quadratic non-linear function by using the extracted discrete samples; and c) estimating the frequency offset from a maximum point of the quadratic non-linear function. The technology of the present research makes it possible to exactly estimate frequency offset without increasing hardware complexity in estimation of carrier wave or doppler frequency offset.
Abstract:
A method for iteratively decoding a block turbo code includes: receiving a signal frame formed of a product code obtained by serially concatenating block codes; forming a reliability array for signal demodulation and initializing extrinsic reliability information; performing a complexity-reduced soft decision output Viterbi decoding algorithm for all of the codewords existing on a current axis and calculating extrinsic reliability using soft decision output information output as a result of the decoding; checking whether an iterative decoding completion condition is satisfied, and outputting a decoded value and terminating an iterative decoding process when the condition is satisfied; and normalizing reliability information when the condition is not satisfied, performing reliability equalization, and repeating the decoding process for a next axis.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for detecting and correcting amplitude and phase imbalances between in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components in a high-speed wireless communication quadrature demodulator, which comprises: a) comparing an input signal with a signal determined by a quadrant to which the input signal belongs, and detecting imbalances between I and Q components with respect to the input signal; and b) using the imbalances detected in a) to correct the input signal. The present invention prevents distorting of the demodulator's performance caused by the imbalances to between I and Q components and increases application to high-speed wireless communication.
Abstract:
An apparatus and a method for controlling a gain of I-channel signal and compensating Q-channel signal in response to the gain imbalance based on the gain-controlled I-channel signal as a reference channel signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes: an auto gain controller for controlling a gain of a signal selected from the I-channel signal and the Q-channel signal to have a predetermined amplitude, thereby generating a gain-controlled signal; a detector for detecting a gain imbalance between the gain-controlled signal and the remaining channel signal; and a compensator for compensating the gain imbalance of the remaining channel signal based on the detected gain imbalance.
Abstract:
A food preparation table for preparing food and refrigerating foodstuffs includes at least one open top food container for holding foodstuffs, a cooling device for absorbing heat from air, an accelerating device for forcing the air to flow and an air supplying device for making a first portion of the air flow around said at least one open top food container and a second portion of the air stacked above the foodstuffs contained in said at least one said at least one open top food container.