公开(公告)号：US06229152B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

申请号：US09252494

申请日：1999-02-18

Applicant: John C. Dries ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Milind Gokhale

Inventor： John C. Dries ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Milind Gokhale

IPC: H01L31072

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  H01L31/0328 ,  H01L31/035236

Abstract: The use of highly compressively strained In1−xGaxAs quantum wells having a high In content for the detection of light to a wavelength of &lgr;≈2.1 &mgr;m is disclosed. Crystal quality is maintained through strain compensation using tensile strained barriers of InGaAs, InGaP, or InGaAsP. High efficiencies have been achieved in detectors fabricated using this technique. The theoretical cutoff wavelength limit for diodes fabricated using this technique is calculated to be &lgr;˜2.1 &mgr;m. Lattice mismatched layers may be used to transition between compressively strained layers and tensile strained layers to prevent the crystal from breaking up. Multiple quantum wells are formed with multiple periods of strained InGaAs, transition layers and tensile strained layers. These detectors have application in semiconductor, amplifiers, detectors, optical switches, images, etc.

Abstract translation: 公开了使用具有高In含量的高度压缩应变的In1-xGaxAs量子阱，用于将光检测到羔羊≈2.1μm的波长。 通过使用InGaAs，InGaP或InGaAsP的拉伸应变屏障的应变补偿来保持晶体质量。 在使用这种技术制造的检测器中已经实现了高效率。 使用该技术制造的二极管的理论截止波长极限计算为lambd〜2.1mum。 晶格不匹配层可用于在压缩应变层和拉伸应变层之间转变，以防止晶体破裂。 多个量子阱由多个应变InGaAs，过渡层和拉伸应变层形成。 这些检测器适用于半导体，放大器，检测器，光开关，图像等。

公开(公告)号：US6097147A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-01

申请号：US153144

申请日：1998-09-14

Applicant: Marc A Baldo ,  Diarmuid F. O'Brien ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Marc A Baldo ,  Diarmuid F. O'Brien ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: C09K11/06 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H05B33/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/5096 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  Y10S428/917

Abstract: A light emitting device including a pixel having a substantially transparent anode; a hole transporting layer over the anode; an emission layer over the hole transporting layer; a blocking layer over the emission layer; an electron transporting layer over the blocking layer; and a cathode in electrical contact with the electron transporting layer.

Abstract translation: 一种发光器件，包括具有基本上透明的阳极的像素; 阳极上的空穴传输层; 在空穴传输层上的发射层; 发光层上的阻挡层; 阻挡层上的电子传输层; 以及与电子传输层电接触的阴极。

公开(公告)号：US6046543A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-04

申请号：US774119

申请日：1996-12-23

Applicant: Vladimir Bulovic ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul Burrows ,  Dmitri Z. Garbuzov

Inventor： Vladimir Bulovic ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul Burrows ,  Dmitri Z. Garbuzov

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01J1/62 ,  H01J63/04

CPC classification number: H01L51/5271 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5088 ,  H01L51/5203 ,  H01L51/5265 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H01L2251/5315 ,  H01L2251/5353 ,  H01L27/3209 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/5206 ,  H01L51/5209 ,  H01L51/5225 ,  H01L51/5253 ,  H01L51/5281

Abstract: An organic light emitting device (OLED) having an inverted structure including a cathode layer which is deposited on a substrate and on top of which an electron transporting layer (ETL), an electroluminescent (EL) layer, a hole transporting layer (HTL), a protection layer and an anode are deposited in sequence. The inverted OLED (IOLED) provides improved longevity, flexibility and efficiency over conventional OLEDs.

Abstract translation: 一种具有倒置结构的有机发光器件（OLED），该反相结构包括沉积在衬底上的阴极层，并且其顶部具有电子传输层（ETL），电致发光（EL）层，空穴传输层（HTL） 依次沉积保护层和阳极。 反向OLED（IOLED）提供比常规OLED更长寿命，灵活性和效率。

公开(公告)号：US06013982A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-11

申请号：US772333

申请日：1996-12-23

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: G09F9/00 ,  G09F9/30 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H05B33/10 ,  H05B33/12 ,  H01J1/62 ,  B32B7/00 ,  H05B33/14

CPC classification number: H05B33/12 ,  H01L27/3211 ,  H01L27/322 ,  H05B33/10 ,  H01L51/5036 ,  Y10S428/917

Abstract: The present invention concerns a multicolor display device, comprising a transparent substrate, fluorescent dye deposited in a dye layer onto the substrate by ink jet printing, and a source of radiation for illuminating said fluorescent dye. The present invention also concerns methods for creating such a device.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种多色显示装置，其包括透明基板，通过喷墨打印沉积在基板上的染料层中的荧光染料以及用于照射所述荧光染料的辐射源。 本发明还涉及用于创建这种装置的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5986268A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-16

申请号：US779141

申请日：1997-01-06

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Dmitri Z. Garbuzov

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Dmitri Z. Garbuzov

IPC: C09K11/06 ,  G01J1/58 ,  G02B1/11 ,  H01L31/04 ,  H01L31/052

CPC classification number: G01J1/58 ,  C09K11/06

Abstract: An organic luminescent coating such as Aluminum-Tris-Quinolate is applied to a light detector for converting UV to green light to improve the efficiency of the light detector. The coating also provides anti-reflection properties when of sufficient thickness.

Abstract translation: 将诸如铝 - 三 - 喹啉酸盐的有机发光涂层施加到用于将UV转换成绿光的光检测器，以提高光检测器的效率。 当具有足够的厚度时，涂层还提供抗反射性能。

公开(公告)号：US5917280A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US792046

申请日：1997-02-03

Applicant: Paul Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Paul Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H05B33/12 ,  G09G3/30 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01J1/62

CPC classification number: H01L27/3209

Abstract: Arrangements for biasing the individual light emitting elements of a stacked organic light emitting device (SOLED). A circuit is provided for independently driving the individual OLEDs in a conventional SOLED having one electrode coupled to ground potential and one further electrode for each of the OLEDs in the stack. Additionally, new SOLED structures are described in which each OLED in the stack is provided with a ground reference. A SOLED combining upright and inverted OLEDs is also described.

Abstract translation: 用于偏置堆叠的有机发光器件（SOLED）的各个发光元件的布置。 提供了一种用于独立驱动具有耦合到地电位的一个电极的传统SOLED中的各个OLED的独立驱动电路和用于堆叠中的每个OLED的一个另外的电极。 另外，描述了新的SOLED结构，其中堆叠中的每个OLED被提供有接地参考。 还描述了结合直立和倒置的OLED的SOLED。

公开(公告)号：US5861219A

公开(公告)日：1999-01-19

申请号：US838099

申请日：1997-04-15

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Yujian You ,  Andrei Shoustikov

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Yujian You ,  Andrei Shoustikov

IPC: H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H05B33/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/0079 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0082 ,  H01L51/0092 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H01L2251/5315 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5206 ,  H01L51/5281 ,  Y10S428/917

Abstract: The present invention is directed to organic light emitting devices comprised of an electroluminescent layer containing a host material comprised of a metal complex of (5-hydroxy)quinoxaline: ##STR1## wherein M is Al, Ga, In, Zn or Mg, with n=3, if M is Al, Ga or In and n=2, if M is Zn or Mg, and to a method for fabricating such devices. Further disclosed for use in the electroluminescent layer of organic light emitting devices are dopant materials comprised of a bisphenyl-squarilium compound, an indigo dye compound or a fullerene compound.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及由含有由（5-羟基）喹喔啉的金属络合物构成的主体材料的电致发光层的有机发光器件：其中M为Al，Ga，In，Zn或Mg ，如果M是Al，Ga或In，n = 2，如果M是Zn或Mg，则制造这种器件的方法。 进一步公开用于有机发光器件的电致发光层的掺杂剂材料是由双苯基方酸化合物，靛蓝染料化合物或富勒烯化合物组成的掺杂剂材料。

公开(公告)号：US5703436A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-30

申请号：US613207

申请日：1996-03-06

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Gong Gu

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Gong Gu

IPC: H05B33/10 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C23C14/34 ,  G09G3/00 ,  H01L27/15 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L33/00 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/05 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H05B33/12 ,  H05B33/14 ,  H05B33/26 ,  H01J1/62

CPC classification number: H01L51/5234 ,  C09K11/06 ,  H01L27/156 ,  H01L27/3209 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5036 ,  H01L2224/24145 ,  H01L2251/5323 ,  H01L2924/01021 ,  H01L2924/01068 ,  H01L2924/12041 ,  H01L2924/12044 ,  H01L51/0034 ,  H01L51/0035 ,  H01L51/0036 ,  H01L51/0038 ,  H01L51/0042 ,  H01L51/005 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/008 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/5048 ,  H01L51/5243 ,  H01L51/5246 ,  H01L51/5253

Abstract: A multicolor organic light emitting device employs vertically stacked layers of double heterostructure devices which are fabricated from organic compounds. The vertical stacked structure is formed on a glass base having a transparent coating of ITO or similar metal to provide a substrate. Deposited on the substrate is the vertical stacked arrangement of three double heterostructure devices, each fabricated from a suitable organic material. Stacking is implemented such that the double heterostructure with the longest wavelength is on the top of the stack. This constitutes the device emitting red light on the top with the device having the shortest wavelength, namely, the device emitting blue light, on the bottom of the stack. Located between the red and blue device structures is the green device structure. The devices are configured as stacked to provide a staircase profile whereby each device is separated from the other by a thin transparent conductive contact layer to enable light emanating from each of the devices to pass through the semitransparent contacts and through the lower device structures while further enabling each of the devices to receive a selective bias. The devices are substantially transparent when de-energized, making them useful for heads-up display applications.

Abstract translation: 多色有机发光器件采用由有机化合物制成的双异质结构器件的垂直层叠层。 垂直堆叠结构形成在具有ITO或类似金属的透明涂层的玻璃基底上以提供基底。 沉积在衬底上的是三个双异质结构器件的垂直堆叠布置，每个由异质结构器件制成，每个由合适的有机材料制成。 实施堆叠，使得具有最长波长的双异质结构位于堆叠的顶部。 这构成在顶部发射红光的装置，其中装置具有最短波长，即发射蓝光的装置，在堆叠的底部。 位于红色和蓝色的设备结构之间是绿色设备结构。 这些器件被配置为堆叠以提供阶梯轮廓，由此每个器件通过薄的透明导电接触层与另一个分离，以使来自每个器件的光能够透过半透明触点并通过下部器件结构，同时进一步启用 每个设备接收选择性偏差。 当断电时，这些器件基本上是透明的，使得它们对于平视显示器应用是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US5287421A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-15

申请号：US003021

申请日：1993-01-11

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  De Yu Zang

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  De Yu Zang

IPC: G02F1/065 ,  G02F1/35 ,  G02F1/361 ,  G02F1/365 ,  G02B6/02

CPC classification number: G02F1/361 ,  G02F1/365 ,  G02F1/065 ,  G02F1/3515

Abstract: All-optical modulation occurs in crystalline organic semiconductor waveguides (10a) grown by the ultrahigh vacuum process of organic molecular-beam deposition onto substrates (10b). Two light beams with wavelengths of 1.06 and 0.514 .mu.m from a first source (12) and a second source (34), respectively, may be used as the guided and the pump light sources, respectively. A resonant non-linear coefficient at room temperature of 5.4.times.10.sup.-5 cm.sup.2 /W at 1.06 .mu.occurs at a pump intensity of 1.0 W/cm.sup.2. This large non-linear effect is attributed to free electron-hole pairs produced by the dissociation of excitons generated by the short wavelength beam. A carrier lifetime of (17.+-.1) us, which determines the modulator switching time, is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. This appears to be the first observation of free-carrier-induced index modulation in crystalline organic waveguides.

Abstract translation: 全光调制发生在通过有机分子束沉积到基板（10b）上的超高真空工艺生长的结晶有机半导体波导（10a）中。 分别来自第一源（12）和第二源（34）的波长为1.06和0.514（my）m的两个光束可以分别用作被引导和泵浦光源。 在1.06（me）时，在室温为5.4×10 -5 cm 2 / W的共振非线性系数发生在1.0W / cm 2的泵浦强度下。 这种大的非线性效应归因于由短波长束产生的激子解离产生的自由电子 - 空穴对。 确定调制器切换时间的（17 + -1）us的载波寿命与理论预测非常一致。 这似乎是结晶有机波导中自由载体诱导的指数调制的第一次观察。

公开(公告)号：US4857982A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-15

申请号：US141320

申请日：1988-01-06

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L31/107

CPC classification number: H01L31/1075

Abstract: The disclosed invention as direction to a semiconductor material avalanche photodiode of a separate multiplication and absorption region heterostructure design (SAM-APD). The improved SAM-APD of this invention is characterized by a plurality of floating guard rings which are separated about a central region and doped in the opposite high concentration from that of the multiplication region in which they are positioned. These rings float in the sense that they have no contact with the metalized p-contact of the photodiode; and, therefore, no direct contact with the current source. This structure results in an enhanced avalanche effect in the central region with limited edge breakdown undesirable consequences. In addition to this structure, an alternative embodiment suggests the use of both a floating ring and this slab below the central region, of a dimension slightly smaller than the smaller region and concentric with it to achieve an optimized central avalanche breakdown with reduced edge breakdown of the electric fields formed during reversed biasing of the APD (avalanche photodiode).

Abstract translation: 所公开的发明作为对分离的乘法和吸收区异质结构设计（SAM-APD）的半导体材料雪崩光电二极管的方向。 本发明的改进的SAM-APD的特征在于多个浮动保护环，其围绕中心区域分离并且以与它们所位于的乘法区域相反的高浓度掺杂。 这些环浮动在它们与光电二极管的金属化p-接触不接触的意义上; 因此，与目前的来源不直接接触。 这种结构导致中心区域中的雪崩效应增加，边缘破裂有限，不利影响。 除了这种结构之外，替代实施例提出了在中心区域之下使用浮动环和该板坯，其尺寸略小于较小区域并与其同心，以实现优化的中心雪崩击穿，并减少边缘击穿 在APD（雪崩光电二极管）的反向偏置期间形成的电场。