Abstract:
A driving apparatus includes a plurality of driving devices; a plurality of malfunction detectors for detecting a malfunction of the driving devices; a plurality of electric current setting devices for setting electric currents through the driving devices; a controller for controlling the plurality of driving devices, malfunction detectors and the electric current setting devices, wherein the controller is effective to set standard electric currents, maximum tolerable electric currents, standard speeds, minimum rotatable speeds and maximum tolerable speeds of the plurality of driving devices, and a total current applied to the plurality of driving devices, wherein the driving devices are given priorities depending on influential ranges of functions of the driving devices, wherein when the malfunction detector detects a malfunction of the driving devices, the electric current setting device raises the setting of the electric current of the driving device at which the malfunction is detected within the maximum tolerable current and the total current, wherein when the malfunction detector detects a malfunction of a the driving device, and when the maximum tolerable current is exceeded by increasing the electric current of the driving device at which the malfunction is detected, the electric current setting device sets the speed of the driving device within a range higher than the minimum rotatable speed of the driving device at which the malfunction is detected, and a speed of another driving device selected in accordance with an order of the priorities within a range lower than the maximum tolerable speed, and the setting of the electric current is raised in accordance with the set speed, so that a productivity of a system with which the driving apparatus is used is maintained.
Abstract:
An image-forming system is composed of an image-forming apparatus body, a folding device, a bookbinding device, and a finisher, which are connected to the image-forming apparatus body. In the image-forming system, in order to support maintenance, an available period of time for maintenance for each processing module (a unit or a device sectionalized in a processing functional unit) is calculated based on contents of a job presently in execution and contents of registered jobs so as to display the available period of time for maintenance of the calculated processing module on an operation display.
Abstract:
An image forming apparatus is provided which makes it possible to carry out maintenance on a sheet processing apparatus connected to the image forming apparatus, by opening a cover even during operation of an image forming system comprised of the image forming apparatus and the sheet processing apparatus without detaching the sheet processing apparatus from the image forming system and moving the same and initializing the system. Settings as to post-processing on sheets are made through the operation of an operation and display unit. When any of the covers is opened, a CPU determines whether image formation and sheet conveyance are to be stopped or continued according to the settings. A controller provides control according to the result of the determination.
Abstract:
An improved structure of a solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) is disclosed. A generating layer in the SOFC consists of three layers of a fuel electrode, an oxide layer and an oxygen electrode, and is shaped into a dimpled structure having recessed portions on its both surfaces. Protruded portions on the side of the fuel electrode are electrically bonded with an interconnector layer via a first conductive adhesive, while protruded portions on the side of the oxygen electrode of another generating layer are electrically bonded with the same interconnector layer via a second conductive adhesive. A plurality of generating layers and a plurality of interconnector layers are alternately stacked and they are electrically bonded in the above-described manner. Preferably the first conductive adhesive is made of material common to the fuel electrode and the second conductive adhesive is made of material common to the oxygen electrode. Owing to the improved structure, occurrence of lateral flows of electrons in the interconnector layers having a large resistance can be suppressed, hence an electrical resistance can be reduced, and also amounts of materials of the oxygen electrode and the fuel electrode can be made small.
Abstract:
A difference recording apparatus includes a log comparator, a processing unit, a recording unit, and a log update section. The log comparator detects a log difference by using a classification key in a log of input data. The processing unit restores the log by using difference data from the log comparator. The recording unit records the log restored by the processing unit. The log update section limits recording of a log of identical data in the recording unit within a unit time on the basis of the presence/absence of a difference detected by the log comparator and an upper limit of log acquisition.
Abstract:
A power generation layer includes three layers of a fuel electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte and an oxygen electrode. Both faces of the power generation layer are formed with a number of dimples that are shaped and arranged so as to satisfy (half dimple height)=3.2.times.(dimple diameter)-(half dimple pitch).+-.(dimple diameter).
Abstract:
There are disclosed a process for producing an .alpha.-acyloxy-.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (VI): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen atoms or substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residues, or R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, when taken together with one another in an optional combination, form a ring, R.sub.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue, and indicates that the configuration may be either E-configuration or Z-configuration, in particular, a 20-acyloxy-17(20)-methylen-21-al-steroid represented by the partial structural formula (II): ##STR2##
Abstract:
A novel process for effectively preparing an optically active cyanohydrin comprising asymmetrically cyanating an aldehyde by reacting the aldehyde with a cyanating agent in the presence of a titanate of an optically active tartaric acid derivative.
Abstract:
A process for preparing trans-.beta.-benzoylacrylic acid ester having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl group or aralkyl group, which comprises dealcoholizing .beta.-benzoyl-.alpha.-alkoxypropionic acid ester having the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R is above, in the presence of an acid catalyst to give trans-.beta.-benzoylacrylic acid ester having the general formula (I).According to the process of the present invention, the by-product (II) produced in the esterification reaction of .beta.-benzoylacrylic acid (III) with the alcohol (V) by the dehydration reaction can be converted into the compound (I) by the dealcoholization reaction in the presence of the acid catalyst and thus trans-.beta.-benzoylacrylic acid ester (I) with a high purity can be produced in an industrially advantageous manner.
Abstract:
A rifamycin derivative having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is a group having the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, or a group having the formula: in which n is 3 or 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The rifamycin derivative (I) exhibits a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and acid-fast bacteria, and also exhibits a strong antibacterial activity against tubercle bacilli.