公开(公告)号：US20090266771A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-29

申请号：US12499608

申请日：2009-07-08

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

IPC: B01J19/00 ,  C09K3/00

CPC classification number: C01G23/00 ,  B01J21/04 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J35/1066 ,  B01J37/0081 ,  B01J37/0201 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  C01B3/042 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  C07C1/26 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C5/324 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2521/06 ,  C07C2523/04 ,  Y02E60/362 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/20

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition. It is believed that Stage I higher materials represent reductions of the porous metal oxide after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含选自多孔氧化钛和多孔氧化铝的多孔金属氧化物和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。 本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0和I材料。 这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。 可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。 阶段0材料可以例如使用Na和K的液体合金制备，其在等温条件下优选在或刚好高于室温下被多孔金属氧化物快速吸收，形成松散的黑色粉末，其保留大量的还原能力 母体金属。 当低熔点的第1族金属在约150℃下被吸收到多孔金属氧化物中时，放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中稳定的松散的黑色粉末。 进一步加热形成未知组成的较高级材料。 据信，第一阶段较高的材料表示吸收第1族金属后多孔金属氧化物的减少。 优选的本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。 本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。

公开(公告)号：US20090105430A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：US12239296

申请日：2008-09-26

Applicant: Mana ITO ,  Stephane CARLOTTI ,  Alain DEFFIEUX ,  Michael LEFENFELD

Inventor： Mana ITO ,  Stephane CARLOTTI ,  Alain DEFFIEUX ,  Michael LEFENFELD

IPC: C08F2/10

CPC classification number: C07C7/12 ,  C07C7/14841 ,  C08F4/025 ,  C08F4/463 ,  C08F6/003 ,  C08F112/08 ,  Y10S526/912 ,  C07C11/18 ,  C07C15/46 ,  C07C13/18

Abstract: Stage I Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions or Stage II Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions are shown to be useful to remove impurities and act as drying agents for various types of solvents and for olefinic monomers used in anionic polymerizations. One important advantage of these compositions is their ability to dry simultaneously solvent and monomers, without inducing a significant polymerization of the latter. Another important characteristic is the capacity of the compositions to be totally inactive toward conventional anionic polymerization which allows them to be left in situ during the polymerization itself.

Abstract translation: 阶段I第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物或II级第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物被证明可用于除去杂质并用作各种类型的溶剂和用于阴离子聚合的烯烃单体的干燥剂。 这些组合物的一个重要优点是它们能够同时干燥溶剂和单体，而不会引起后者的显着聚合。 另一个重要的特征是组合物对于常规的阴离子聚合完全无活性的能力，这允许它们在聚合本身期间留在原位。

公开(公告)号：US20050151278A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-14

申请号：US10995327

申请日：2004-11-24

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

IPC: B01J23/04 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07F1/02

CPC classification number: B01J35/002 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/28047 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28097 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/291 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/54 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  B01J2220/58 ,  C01B3/001 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/868 ,  C07D333/76 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/14

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C. forms Stage III material with release of some Group 1 metal. It is believed that Stage I, II and III materials represent reductions of the silica gel after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含硅胶和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/硅胶组合物。 本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0，I，II和III材料。 这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。 可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。 例如，可以使用在等温条件下优选在或高于室温的硅胶（多孔SiO 2）快速吸收的Na和K的液体合金来制备阶段0材料，以形成 松散的黑色粉末保留了母体金属的大部分还原能力。 当低熔点的第1族金属被吸收到硅胶中时，温和的放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中无限稳定的松散的黑色粉末。 随后加热至400°C，产生阶段II材料，它们也是松散的黑色粉末。 在400℃以上进一步加热，形成具有一些第1组金属释放的III级材料。 据认为，I，II和III族材料表示吸收第1族金属后硅胶的减少。 本发明优选的第1族金属/硅胶组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。 本发明的第1族金属/硅胶组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同的方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。

公开(公告)号：US09494012B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-15

申请号：US14126350

申请日：2012-06-14

Applicant: James S. Falcone ,  Paul H. Krumrine ,  Michael Lefenfeld

Inventor： James S. Falcone ,  Paul H. Krumrine ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC: C04B7/00 ,  C04B14/04 ,  E21B33/14 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E21B43/24 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138

CPC classification number: E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

Abstract: The invention relates to cement compositions containing a metal silicide such as an alkali metal silicide or an alkaline earth metal silicide. Upon mixing with water, the metal silicide reacts to generate hydrogen gas, a silicate, and heat—each of which is advantageous for the large variety of uses to which cements are put. The invention relates to a foamable cement composition comprising about 99.999 wt % to about 98.5 wt % of a cement, and about 0.001 wt % to about 1.5 wt % of a metal silicide or a mixture of metal silicides. Concretes and grouts containing the cement composition are also disclosed. Other embodiments provide methods for forming cement structures, including in subterranean formations and wells.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及含有金属硅化物如碱金属硅化物或碱土金属硅化物的水泥组合物。 当与水混合时，金属硅化物反应产生氢气，硅酸盐和热 - 其中每一种都有利于水泥的各种用途。 本发明涉及包含约99.999重量％至约98.5重量％的水泥和约0.001重量％至约1.5重量％的金属硅化物或金属硅化物的混合物的可发泡水泥组合物。 还公开了含有水泥组合物的混凝土和水泥浆。 其他实施方案提供了用于形成水泥结构的方法，包括在地下地层和井中。

公开(公告)号：US09079146B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-14

申请号：US12750527

申请日：2010-03-30

Applicant: Andrew P. Wallace ,  John M. Melack ,  Michael Lefenfeld

Inventor： Andrew P. Wallace ,  John M. Melack ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC: C01B3/06 ,  B01J7/02

CPC classification number: B01J7/02 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/065 ,  H01M8/0606 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/362

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods combine reactant materials and aqueous solutions to generate hydrogen. The reactant materials can sodium silicide or sodium silica gel. The hydrogen generation devices are used in fuels cells and other industrial applications. One system combines cooling, pumping, water storage, and other devices to sense and control reactions between reactant materials and aqueous solutions to generate hydrogen. Multiple inlets of varied placement geometries deliver aqueous solution to the reaction. The reactant materials and aqueous solution are churned to control the state of the reaction. The aqueous solution can be recycled and returned to the reaction. One system operates over a range of temperatures and pressures and includes a hydrogen separator, a heat removal mechanism, and state of reaction control devices. The systems, devices, and methods of generating hydrogen provide thermally stable solids, near-instant reaction with the aqueous solutions, and a non-toxic liquid by-product.

Abstract translation: 系统，装置和方法结合了反应物料和水溶液产生氢气。 反应物料可以是硅化钠或硅胶。 氢气发生装置用于燃料电池和其他工业应用。 一个系统结合冷却，泵送，储水和其他装置来感测和控制反应物料和水溶液之间的反应以产生氢气。 多种放置几何的入口将水溶液输送到反应中。 搅拌反应物料和水溶液以控制反应的状态。 水溶液可循环使用并返回反应。 一个系统在一定范围的温度和压力下工作，并且包括氢分离器，散热机构和反应控制装置的状态。 产生氢气的系统，装置和方法提供热稳定的固体，与水溶液接近即时的反应和无毒的液体副产物。

公开(公告)号：US20150191993A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-09

申请号：US14126350

申请日：2012-06-14

Applicant: James S. Falcone ,  Paul H. Krumrine ,  Michael Lefenfeld

Inventor： James S. Falcone ,  Paul H. Krumrine ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC: E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E02D3/12

CPC classification number: E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

Abstract: The invention relates to cement compositions containing a metal silicide such as an alkali metal silicide or an alkaline earth metal silicide. Upon mixing with water, the metal silicide reacts to generate hydrogen gas, a silicate, and heat—each of which is advantageous for the large variety of uses to which cements are put. The invention relates to a foamable cement composition comprising about 99.999 wt % to about 98.5 wt % of a cement, and about 0.001 wt % to about 1.5 wt % of a metal silicide or a mixture of metal silicides. Concretes and grouts containing the cement composition are also disclosed. Other embodiments provide methods for forming cement structures, including in subterranean formations and wells.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及含有金属硅化物如碱金属硅化物或碱土金属硅化物的水泥组合物。 当与水混合时，金属硅化物反应产生氢气，硅酸盐和热 - 其中每一种都有利于水泥的各种用途。 本发明涉及包含约99.999重量％至约98.5重量％的水泥和约0.001重量％至约1.5重量％的金属硅化物或金属硅化物的混合物的可发泡水泥组合物。 还公开了含有水泥组合物的混凝土和水泥浆。 其他实施方案提供了用于形成水泥结构的方法，包括在地下地层和井中。

公开(公告)号：US20120199789A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

申请号：US13197942

申请日：2011-08-04

Applicant: Michael LEFENFELD ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael LEFENFELD ,  James L. Dye

IPC: C09K3/00

CPC classification number: B01J35/002 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/28047 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28097 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/291 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/54 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  B01J2220/58 ,  C01B3/001 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/868 ,  C07D333/76 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/14

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or alloy, wherein Group 1 metals or alloys are absorbed into the silica gel pores. The invention relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition reacts with dry O2. The invention also relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition produced does not react with dry O2.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含硅胶和碱金属或合金的第1族金属/硅胶组合物，其中第1族金属或合金被吸收到硅胶孔中。 本发明涉及生产氢气，包括使第1族金属/硅胶组合物与水接触，还涉及有机化合物的碱金属还原，其改进包括使有机化合物与第1族金属/硅胶组合物接触。 在这些实施方案中，第1族金属/硅胶组合物与干燥的O 2反应。 本发明还涉及生产氢气，包括使第1族金属/硅胶组合物与水接触，还涉及有机化合物的碱金属还原，其改进包括使有机化合物与第1族金属/硅胶组合物 。 在这些实施方案中，所生产的第1族金属/硅胶组合物与干燥的O 2不反应。

公开(公告)号：US07811541B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-12

申请号：US11151661

申请日：2005-06-14

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

IPC: C01B33/06 ,  B01J21/00

CPC classification number: C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O2。 此外，本发明涉及具有粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其包含至少三个具有选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2的2θ角的峰和固态23Na MAS NMR光谱 峰值约为18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

公开(公告)号：US20090041614A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US12222533

申请日：2008-08-11

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

IPC: C22C24/00

CPC classification number: B01J35/002 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/28047 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28097 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/291 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/54 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  B01J2220/58 ,  C01B3/001 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/868 ,  C07D333/76 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/14

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C. forms Stage III material with release of some Group 1 metal. It is believed that Stage I, H and III materials represent reductions of the silica gel after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含硅胶和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/硅胶组合物。 本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0，I，II和III材料。 这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。 可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。 例如，可以使用在等温条件下，优选在或高于室温的硅胶（多孔SiO 2）快速吸收的Na和K的液体合金来制备阶段0材料，以形成松散的黑色粉末，其保留大部分 降低母体金属的能力。 当低熔点的第1族金属被吸收到硅胶中时，温和的放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中无限稳定的松散的黑色粉末。 随后加热至400°C，产生阶段II材料，它们也是松散的黑色粉末。 在400℃以上进一步加热，形成具有一些第1组金属释放的III级材料。 据信阶段I，H和III材料表示吸收第1族金属后的硅胶的减少。 本发明优选的第1族金属/硅胶组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。 本发明的第1族金属/硅胶组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同的方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。

公开(公告)号：US07410567B2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-12

申请号：US11692895

申请日：2007-03-28

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

IPC: C10G45/00 ,  C10G29/04 ,  B01J23/02 ,  B01J21/00 ,  B01J20/00

CPC classification number: B01J35/002 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/28047 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28097 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/291 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/54 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  B01J2220/58 ,  C01B3/001 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/868 ,  C07D333/76 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/14

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C. forms Stage III material with release of some Group 1 metal. It is believed that Stage I, II and III materials represent reductions of the silica gel after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含硅胶和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/硅胶组合物。 本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0，I，II和III材料。 这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。 可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。 例如，可以使用在等温条件下优选在或高于室温的硅胶（多孔SiO 2）快速吸收的Na和K的液体合金来制备阶段0材料，以形成 松散的黑色粉末保留了母体金属的大部分还原能力。 当低熔点的第1族金属被吸收到硅胶中时，温和的放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中无限稳定的松散的黑色粉末。 随后加热至400°C，产生阶段II材料，它们也是松散的黑色粉末。 在400℃以上进一步加热，形成具有一些第1组金属释放的III级材料。 据认为，I，II和III族材料表示吸收第1族金属后硅胶的减少。 本发明优选的第1族金属/硅胶组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。 本发明的第1族金属/硅胶组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同的方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。