公开(公告)号：US20060002839A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：US11151661

申请日：2005-06-14

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

IPC分类号： C01B33/06

CPC分类号： C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

摘要： The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O 2 。 此外，本发明涉及具有包含至少三个峰的粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其中2个角度选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2，固态23 Na MAS NMR光谱峰在约18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

公开(公告)号：US20080063596A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-13

申请号：US11839684

申请日：2007-08-16

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

IPC分类号： C01B3/08 ,  C01F7/02 ,  C01G23/04 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/28

CPC分类号： C01G23/00 ,  B01J21/04 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J35/1066 ,  B01J37/0081 ,  B01J37/0201 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  C01B3/042 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  C07C1/26 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C5/324 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2521/06 ,  C07C2523/04 ,  Y02E60/362 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/20

摘要： The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition. It is believed that Stage I higher materials represent reductions of the porous metal oxide after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及包含选自多孔氧化钛和多孔氧化铝的多孔金属氧化物和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。 本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0和I材料。 这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。 可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。 阶段0材料可以例如使用Na和K的液体合金制备，其在等温条件下优选在或刚好高于室温下被多孔金属氧化物快速吸收，形成松散的黑色粉末，其保留大量的还原能力 母体金属。 当低熔点的第1族金属在约150℃下被吸收到多孔金属氧化物中时，放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中稳定的松散的黑色粉末。 进一步加热形成未知组成的较高级材料。 据信，第一阶段较高的材料表示吸收第1族金属后多孔金属氧化物的减少。 优选的本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。 本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。

公开(公告)号：US20060073968A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-06

申请号：US11232077

申请日：2005-09-22

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

IPC分类号： C01B3/08

CPC分类号： C01G23/00 ,  B01J21/04 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J35/1066 ,  B01J37/0081 ,  B01J37/0201 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  C01B3/042 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  C07C1/26 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C5/324 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C2521/04 ,  C07C2521/06 ,  C07C2523/04 ,  Y02E60/362 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/20

摘要： The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition. It is believed that Stage I higher materials represent reductions of the porous metal oxide after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

公开(公告)号：US20050151278A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-14

申请号：US10995327

申请日：2004-11-24

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

IPC分类号： B01J23/04 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07F1/02

CPC分类号： B01J35/002 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/28047 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28097 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/291 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/54 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  B01J2220/58 ,  C01B3/001 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/868 ,  C07D333/76 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/14

摘要： The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C. forms Stage III material with release of some Group 1 metal. It is believed that Stage I, II and III materials represent reductions of the silica gel after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及包含硅胶和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/硅胶组合物。 本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0，I，II和III材料。 这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。 可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。 例如，可以使用在等温条件下优选在或高于室温的硅胶（多孔SiO 2）快速吸收的Na和K的液体合金来制备阶段0材料，以形成 松散的黑色粉末保留了母体金属的大部分还原能力。 当低熔点的第1族金属被吸收到硅胶中时，温和的放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中无限稳定的松散的黑色粉末。 随后加热至400°C，产生阶段II材料，它们也是松散的黑色粉末。 在400℃以上进一步加热，形成具有一些第1组金属释放的III级材料。 据认为，I，II和III族材料表示吸收第1族金属后硅胶的减少。 本发明优选的第1族金属/硅胶组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。 本发明的第1族金属/硅胶组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同的方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。

公开(公告)号：US08986643B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US13445557

申请日：2012-04-12

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

IPC分类号： C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06

CPC分类号： C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

摘要： The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O2。 此外，本发明涉及具有粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其包含至少三个具有选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2的2θ角的峰和固态23Na MAS NMR光谱 峰值约为18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

公开(公告)号：US20140196896A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US14126187

申请日：2012-06-14

申请人： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

发明人： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC分类号： E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

摘要： Enhanced oil recovery techniques include introduction of alkali metal silicides into subterranean reservoirs to generate hydrogen gas, heat, and alkali metal silicate solutions in situ upon contact with water. The alkali metal silicides, such as sodium silicide, are used to recover hydrocarbons, including heavier crudes where viscosity and low reservoir pressure are limiting factors. Hydrogen, which is miscible with the crude oil and can beneficiate the heavier fractions into lighter fractions naturally or with addition of catalytic materials, is generated in-situ. It. Heat is also generated at the reaction site to reduce viscosity and promote crude beneficiation. The resulting alkaline silicate solution saponifies acidic crude components to form surfactants which emulsify the crude to improve mobility toward a production well. The silicate promotes profile modification passively via consumptive reactions or actively via addition of acidic gelling agents.

摘要翻译： 增强的油回收技术包括将碱金属硅化物引入地下储层以在与水接触时原位产生氢气，热和碱金属硅酸盐溶液。 使用诸如硅化钠的碱金属硅化物来回收烃，包括较重的原油，其中粘度和低储层压力是限制因素。 氢原子与原油混溶，可以将天然或加入催化物质的较重馏分从原料中精制而成。 它。 在反应部位也产生热，以降低粘度，促进粗选。 所得碱性硅酸盐溶液皂化酸性粗组分以形成乳化原油的表面活性剂，以改善生产井的流动性。 硅酸盐通过消耗性反应被动地促进形态修饰，或通过加入酸性胶凝剂来主动地促进形态修饰。

公开(公告)号：US09657549B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-23

申请号：US14126187

申请日：2012-06-14

申请人： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

发明人： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC分类号： C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/64 ,  E21B33/14 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E21B43/24 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138

CPC分类号： E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

摘要： Enhanced oil recovery techniques include introduction of alkali metal silicides into subterranean reservoirs to generate hydrogen gas, heat, and alkali metal silicate solutions in situ upon contact with water. The alkali metal silicides, such as sodium silicide, are used to recover hydrocarbons, including heavier crudes where viscosity and low reservoir pressure are limiting factors. Hydrogen, which is miscible with the crude oil and can beneficiate the heavier fractions into lighter fractions naturally or with addition of catalytic materials, is generated in-situ. It. Heat is also generated at the reaction site to reduce viscosity and promote crude beneficiation. The resulting alkaline silicate solution saponifies acidic crude components to form surfactants which emulsify the crude to improve mobility toward a production well. The silicate promotes profile modification passively via consumptive reactions or actively via addition of acidic gelling agents.

公开(公告)号：US09040741B2

公开(公告)日：2015-05-26

申请号：US13497627

申请日：2010-07-29

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

IPC分类号： C07C33/00 ,  C07C1/24

CPC分类号： C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/40 ,  C07C2529/83 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/02

摘要： A catalytic process for dehydration of an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to its corresponding olefin is disclosed. The process continuously flows through a reaction zone a liquid phase containing an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to contact a non-volatile acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure to at least partially convert the aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol in the liquid phase to its corresponding olefin. The reaction pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure and the reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the olefin at reaction pressure, but below the critical temperature of the alcohol, and the olefin product is substantially in the gaseous phase. After the contacting step, the olefin containing gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase. The invention also relates to catalytic processes such as a hydrolysis of an olefin to an alcohol, an esterification, a transesterification, a polymerization, an aldol condensation or an ester hydrolysis.

摘要翻译： 公开了将脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇脱水到其相应烯烃的催化方法。 该方法在反应区中连续流过含有脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇的液相，以在反应温度和压力下与非挥发性酸催化剂接触以至少部分地将液相中的脂族C 2 -C 6醇转化为相应的 烯烃。 反应压力大于大气压，并且反应温度在反应压力下高于烯烃的沸点，但低于醇的临界温度，烯烃产物基本上处于气相。 在接触步骤之后，将含烯烃的气相与液相分离。 本发明还涉及催化方法，例如将烯烃水解成醇，酯化，酯交换，聚合，醛醇缩合或酯水解。

公开(公告)号：US20120220796A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13497627

申请日：2010-07-29

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

IPC分类号： C07C1/20 ,  C07C45/00 ,  C07C31/08 ,  C07C31/02 ,  C07C69/003

CPC分类号： C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/40 ,  C07C2529/83 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/02

摘要： A catalytic process for dehydration of an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to its corresponding olefin is disclosed. The process continuously flows through a reaction zone a liquid phase containing an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to contact a non-volatile acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure to at least partially convert the aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol in the liquid phase to its corresponding olefin. The reaction pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure and the reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the olefin at reaction pressure, but below the critical temperature of the alcohol, and the olefin product is substantially in the gaseous phase. After the contacting step, the olefin containing gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase. The invention also relates to catalytic processes such as a hydrolysis of an olefin to an alcohol, an esterification, a transesterification, a polymerization, an aldol condensation or an ester hydrolysis.

摘要翻译： 公开了将脂族C 2 -C 6醇脱水成其相应的烯烃的催化方法。 该方法在反应区中连续流过含有脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇的液相，以在反应温度和压力下与非挥发性酸催化剂接触以至少部分地将液相中的脂族C 2 -C 6醇转化为相应的 烯烃。 反应压力大于大气压，并且反应温度在反应压力下高于烯烃的沸点，但低于醇的临界温度，烯烃产物基本上处于气相。 在接触步骤之后，将含烯烃的气相与液相分离。 本发明还涉及催化方法，例如将烯烃水解成醇，酯化，酯交换，聚合，醛醇缩合或酯水解。

公开(公告)号：US08197707B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-12

申请号：US11852820

申请日：2007-09-10

申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye ,  Partha Nandi ,  James Jackson

发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye ,  Partha Nandi ,  James Jackson

IPC分类号： H01M4/58 ,  B05D5/12

CPC分类号： C07F1/02 ,  C01C1/026 ,  C01D15/00 ,  C01P2002/86 ,  C01P2002/87 ,  C01P2002/89 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： The invention relates to lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions. These lithium metal compositions are prepared by mixing liquid lithium metal with a porous metal oxide in an inert atmosphere under exothermic conditions sufficient to absorb the liquid lithium metal into the porous metal oxide pores. The lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are preferably loaded with lithium metal up to about 40% by weight, with about 20% to 40% by weight being the most preferred loading. The invention also relates to lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide. The preparation and use of these compositions are also described.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。 这些锂金属组合物通过在惰性气氛中将液态锂金属与多孔金属氧化物混合，在足以将液态锂金属吸收到多孔金属氧化物孔中的放热条件下来制备。 本发明的锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物优选负载高达约40重量％的锂金属，其中最优选的负载量为约20重量％至40重量％。 本发明还涉及具有吸收到多孔氧化物中的RLi的锂试剂多孔金属氧化物组合物。 还描述了这些组合物的制备和用途。