公开(公告)号：US08986643B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US13445557

申请日：2012-04-12

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

IPC: C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06

CPC classification number: C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O2。 此外，本发明涉及具有粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其包含至少三个具有选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2的2θ角的峰和固态23Na MAS NMR光谱 峰值约为18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

公开(公告)号：US20140196896A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US14126187

申请日：2012-06-14

Applicant: Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

Inventor： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC: E21B43/24

CPC classification number: E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

Abstract: Enhanced oil recovery techniques include introduction of alkali metal silicides into subterranean reservoirs to generate hydrogen gas, heat, and alkali metal silicate solutions in situ upon contact with water. The alkali metal silicides, such as sodium silicide, are used to recover hydrocarbons, including heavier crudes where viscosity and low reservoir pressure are limiting factors. Hydrogen, which is miscible with the crude oil and can beneficiate the heavier fractions into lighter fractions naturally or with addition of catalytic materials, is generated in-situ. It. Heat is also generated at the reaction site to reduce viscosity and promote crude beneficiation. The resulting alkaline silicate solution saponifies acidic crude components to form surfactants which emulsify the crude to improve mobility toward a production well. The silicate promotes profile modification passively via consumptive reactions or actively via addition of acidic gelling agents.

Abstract translation: 增强的油回收技术包括将碱金属硅化物引入地下储层以在与水接触时原位产生氢气，热和碱金属硅酸盐溶液。 使用诸如硅化钠的碱金属硅化物来回收烃，包括较重的原油，其中粘度和低储层压力是限制因素。 氢原子与原油混溶，可以将天然或加入催化物质的较重馏分从原料中精制而成。 它。 在反应部位也产生热，以降低粘度，促进粗选。 所得碱性硅酸盐溶液皂化酸性粗组分以形成乳化原油的表面活性剂，以改善生产井的流动性。 硅酸盐通过消耗性反应被动地促进形态修饰，或通过加入酸性胶凝剂来主动地促进形态修饰。

公开(公告)号：US20100249476A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-30

申请号：US12692561

申请日：2010-01-22

Applicant: Michael LEFENFELD ,  Robert RAJA ,  Alexander James PATERSON ,  Matthew Edward POTTER

Inventor： Michael LEFENFELD ,  Robert RAJA ,  Alexander James PATERSON ,  Matthew Edward POTTER

IPC: C07C1/00 ,  C01B25/45 ,  C01B25/36

CPC classification number: B01J29/84 ,  B01J29/85 ,  B01J35/1057 ,  C01B37/065 ,  C01B37/08 ,  C01B39/54 ,  C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/09 ,  C07C11/06 ,  C07C15/46

Abstract: The disclosure describes a new class of isomorphously metal-substituted aluminophosphate materials with high phase purity that are capable of performing selective Brönsted acid catalyzed chemical transformations, such as transforming alcohols to olefins, with high conversions and selectivities using mild conditions. Isomorphous substitutions of functional metal ions for both the aluminum ions and the phosphorous ions were successful in various AlPO structures, along with multiple metal substitutions into a single aluminum site and/or a phosphorous site. This invention can be used towards the catalytic conversion of hydroxylated compounds of linear and/or branched moiety with the possibility of being substituted to their respective hydrocarbon products, preferably light olefins containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, among other chemistries.

Abstract translation: 本公开描述了一类具有高相纯度的同晶金属取代的磷酸铝材料，其能够使用温和条件进行选择性布朗斯台德酸催化的化学转化，例如将醇转化为烯烃，具有高转化率和选择性。 铝离子和磷离子的功能金属离子的同晶取代在各种AlPO结构中成功，以及多个金属取代成单个铝位点和/或磷位置。 本发明可以用于线性和/或支化部分的羟基化化合物的催化转化，并且可以将其取代为各自的烃产物，优选含有2至10个碳原子的轻质烯烃等化学物质。

公开(公告)号：US20100166648A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-01

申请号：US12723588

申请日：2010-03-12

Applicant: Michael LEFENFELD ,  James L. Dye

Inventor： Michael LEFENFELD ,  James L. Dye

IPC: C01B3/08 ,  C07C15/28 ,  C07C1/00

CPC classification number: B01J35/002 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/28047 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28097 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/291 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J37/023 ,  B01J37/08 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/54 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  B01J2220/58 ,  C01B3/001 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/868 ,  C07D333/76 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  C07C15/18 ,  C07C15/14

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or alloy, wherein Group 1 metals or alloys are absorbed into the silica gel pores. The invention relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition reacts with dry O2. The invention also relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition produced does not react with dry O2.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含硅胶和碱金属或合金的第1族金属/硅胶组合物，其中第1族金属或合金被吸收到硅胶孔中。 本发明涉及生产氢气，包括使第1族金属/硅胶组合物与水接触，还涉及有机化合物的碱金属还原，其改进包括使有机化合物与第1族金属/硅胶组合物接触。 在这些实施方案中，第1族金属/硅胶组合物与干燥的O 2反应。 本发明还涉及生产氢气，包括使第1族金属/硅胶组合物与水接触，还涉及有机化合物的碱金属还原，其改进包括使有机化合物与第1族金属/硅胶组合物 。 在这些实施方案中，所生产的第1族金属/硅胶组合物不与干燥的O 2反应。

公开(公告)号：US20090187486A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-23

申请号：US12355452

申请日：2009-01-16

Applicant: Michael LEFENFELD ,  Randall DAVIS

Inventor： Michael LEFENFELD ,  Randall DAVIS

IPC: G06Q30/00 ,  G06F17/30

CPC classification number: G06Q30/0277 ,  G06Q30/02

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention permit a user to receive content that is directly targeted to that particular user's interests, including a method for targeting content that is arranged on a page that is displayable by a computing device, including the steps of displaying a list of categories of available advertising content, wherein the available advertising content is stored in a database, receiving a selection of at least one of the categories of the advertising content from a user, selecting advertising content from the database that corresponds to the selection of categories received from the user, and transmitting a page including the selected advertising content to a computing device for display on the computing device. In addition, embodiments of the present invention allow the tracking of content from when it is initially shared, to when revenue is generated based on an action of a user on the shared content portion.

Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例允许用户接收直接针对该特定用户兴趣的内容，包括用于定位布置在可由计算设备显示的页面上的内容的方法，包括以下步骤：显示类别列表 可用的广告内容，其中所述可用的广告内容存储在数据库中，从用户接收对所述广告内容的类别中的至少一个的选择，从所述数据库中选择与从所述广告内容接收的类别的选择相对应的广告内容 用户，并且将包括所选择的广告内容的页面发送到计算设备以在所述计算设备上显示。 此外，本发明的实施例允许从原始共享的内容到内容的跟踪，基于用户对共享内容部分的动作来生成收入。

公开(公告)号：US20060002839A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：US11151661

申请日：2005-06-14

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

IPC: C01B33/06

CPC classification number: C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O 2 。 此外，本发明涉及具有包含至少三个峰的粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其中2个角度选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2，固态23 Na MAS NMR光谱峰在约18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

公开(公告)号：US09657549B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-23

申请号：US14126187

申请日：2012-06-14

Applicant: Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

Inventor： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

IPC: C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/64 ,  E21B33/14 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E21B43/24 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138

CPC classification number: E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

Abstract: Enhanced oil recovery techniques include introduction of alkali metal silicides into subterranean reservoirs to generate hydrogen gas, heat, and alkali metal silicate solutions in situ upon contact with water. The alkali metal silicides, such as sodium silicide, are used to recover hydrocarbons, including heavier crudes where viscosity and low reservoir pressure are limiting factors. Hydrogen, which is miscible with the crude oil and can beneficiate the heavier fractions into lighter fractions naturally or with addition of catalytic materials, is generated in-situ. It. Heat is also generated at the reaction site to reduce viscosity and promote crude beneficiation. The resulting alkaline silicate solution saponifies acidic crude components to form surfactants which emulsify the crude to improve mobility toward a production well. The silicate promotes profile modification passively via consumptive reactions or actively via addition of acidic gelling agents.

公开(公告)号：US09040741B2

公开(公告)日：2015-05-26

申请号：US13497627

申请日：2010-07-29

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

IPC: C07C33/00 ,  C07C1/24

CPC classification number: C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/40 ,  C07C2529/83 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/02

Abstract: A catalytic process for dehydration of an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to its corresponding olefin is disclosed. The process continuously flows through a reaction zone a liquid phase containing an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to contact a non-volatile acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure to at least partially convert the aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol in the liquid phase to its corresponding olefin. The reaction pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure and the reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the olefin at reaction pressure, but below the critical temperature of the alcohol, and the olefin product is substantially in the gaseous phase. After the contacting step, the olefin containing gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase. The invention also relates to catalytic processes such as a hydrolysis of an olefin to an alcohol, an esterification, a transesterification, a polymerization, an aldol condensation or an ester hydrolysis.

Abstract translation: 公开了将脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇脱水到其相应烯烃的催化方法。 该方法在反应区中连续流过含有脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇的液相，以在反应温度和压力下与非挥发性酸催化剂接触以至少部分地将液相中的脂族C 2 -C 6醇转化为相应的 烯烃。 反应压力大于大气压，并且反应温度在反应压力下高于烯烃的沸点，但低于醇的临界温度，烯烃产物基本上处于气相。 在接触步骤之后，将含烯烃的气相与液相分离。 本发明还涉及催化方法，例如将烯烃水解成醇，酯化，酯交换，聚合，醛醇缩合或酯水解。

公开(公告)号：US20120220796A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13497627

申请日：2010-07-29

Applicant: Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

Inventor： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

IPC: C07C1/20 ,  C07C45/00 ,  C07C31/08 ,  C07C31/02 ,  C07C69/003

CPC classification number: C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/40 ,  C07C2529/83 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/02

Abstract: A catalytic process for dehydration of an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to its corresponding olefin is disclosed. The process continuously flows through a reaction zone a liquid phase containing an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to contact a non-volatile acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure to at least partially convert the aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol in the liquid phase to its corresponding olefin. The reaction pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure and the reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the olefin at reaction pressure, but below the critical temperature of the alcohol, and the olefin product is substantially in the gaseous phase. After the contacting step, the olefin containing gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase. The invention also relates to catalytic processes such as a hydrolysis of an olefin to an alcohol, an esterification, a transesterification, a polymerization, an aldol condensation or an ester hydrolysis.

Abstract translation: 公开了将脂族C 2 -C 6醇脱水成其相应的烯烃的催化方法。 该方法在反应区中连续流过含有脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇的液相，以在反应温度和压力下与非挥发性酸催化剂接触以至少部分地将液相中的脂族C 2 -C 6醇转化为相应的 烯烃。 反应压力大于大气压，并且反应温度在反应压力下高于烯烃的沸点，但低于醇的临界温度，烯烃产物基本上处于气相。 在接触步骤之后，将含烯烃的气相与液相分离。 本发明还涉及催化方法，例如将烯烃水解成醇，酯化，酯交换，聚合，醛醇缩合或酯水解。

公开(公告)号：US20120201734A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

申请号：US13445557

申请日：2012-04-12

Applicant: Michael LEFENFELD ,  James L. DYE

Inventor： Michael LEFENFELD ,  James L. DYE

IPC: C01B33/06 ,  B08B7/00 ,  F24J1/00 ,  C01B3/06

CPC classification number: C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O2。 此外，本发明涉及具有粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其包含至少三个具有选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2的2θ角的峰和固态23Na MAS NMR光谱 峰值约为18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。