Abstract:
A CMOS random access memory has storage elements (1, 2 and 3) which produce complementary outputs on a pair of output conductors (7, 8). In order to speed up the establishment of the output voltages on the conductors two cross-connected transistors (22, 23) are provided to supplement the discharging of that conductor which is to have the lower voltage, each transistor being responsive to the voltage on one conductor to discharge the other conductor. The correct timing of the operation of the cross-connected transistors is provided by two further transistors (26, 27) having their gates respectively connected to the conductors which are arranged to become conducting when an adequate voltage charge has been achieved by the storage element. When either of the further transistors conducts a transistor (24) in series with the two cross-connected transistors is turned on to enable them to operate.
Abstract:
Computing an absolute difference includes receiving a first value and a second value. Propagate terms are determined according to the first value and the second value at one or more adders (24). The second value is subtracted from the first value using the propagate terms to yield a subtraction difference. It is determined at one or more correctors (26) whether the subtraction difference is negative. If the subtraction difference is negative, the subtraction difference is modified according to the propagate terms to compute an absolute difference between the first value and the second value. Otherwise, the subtraction difference is reported as the absolute difference between the first value and the second value.
Abstract:
In a scannable D master-slave flip-flop circuit with synchronous preset or clear capability, the output of the slave latch is gated with the scan-enable signal to form the scan-data-output signal. This output gating of the scan-output data that allows for considerable simplification of the input logic. This simplification also provides for the reduction in both the size and the number of transistors in the input logic. This in turn is multiplied many tens of thousands of times in a complex processor chip, resulting in a substantial reduction in chip power and silicon area usage.
Abstract:
A read-only memory suitable for use as the control ROM of a microprocessor has each output line divided into first and second parts. Memory elements connected to the first parts are responsive to early-occurring input signals and memory elements connected to the second parts are responsive to late-occurring input signals. Switch means are provided to enable the output signals from the second parts of the output lines to be generated in response to a late-occurring input signal independently of the loading of the memory elements connected to the first parts of the output lines.
Abstract:
A clock generating circuit for use in a signal processing circuit to enable it to be synchronized with other circuits in response to a reset signal uses a multi-state circuit which is cyclically stepped through its states by a clock drive signal and a decoder responsive to the state of the multi-state circuit to produce the required clock pulses. The reset signal is used to stop the multi-state circuit at a particular state and hold it there for a period of time enabling other similar clock pulse generating circuits to reach the same state and be held there. At the end of the period of time the multi-state circuits resume their cyclic stepping with all the circuits in synchronism.
Abstract:
A binary adder circuit is described using dynamic transistor logic in which for high speed carry propagation the adder stages are grouped in pairs or larger numbers and additional dynamic logic means is provided in each group to control a single transistor connected in series in the carry propagation path over the group. The transistors used in the specific embodiments are MOS transistors, but some or all of these could be replaced by junction FET's or bipolar transistors.
Abstract:
The position of an end "1" bit in an input number is detected by applying the inverted bits in parallel to inputs of respective NOR gates (61 to 68), the other inputs of which are connected to the nodes of a chain of dynamic field effect transistors (A1 to A8) along which a "O" is propagated. The coincidence of two O's at the inputs of a NOR gate causes it to produce a "1" output representing the location of the end "1" of the input number. The outputs of the NOR gates (L1 to L8) are connected to the column conductors of an field effect transistor array (LA) which produces on the row conductors array in parallel, inverted, binary coded form a number corresponding to the position of the NOR gate producing a "1" output. The apparatus may be divided into several units (U1 to U4) responsive to adjacent groups of the bits of the input number each producing a representation of the location of the end "1" in its group. The units are coupled together so that a representation from a preceding unit blocks the output of a representation from a subsequent unit.
Abstract:
An overvoltage detector circuit for connection to an input terminal of a microcomputer device or the like employs a bistable latch with two inputs, one connected to a reference potential and the other to the input terminal. When the inputs are gated, the latch flips to one state if the terminal is at an overvoltage, or the other state if the terminal is at zero or logic-1. This circuit may be used to institute a test mode for the microcomputer.
Abstract:
A thermometer code to sign and magnitude converter that is particularly useful in a flash ADC is provided. This comprises two conversion units. The first is a thermometer code to Gray code converter and the second a Gray code to sign and magnitude converter. Preferably, the Gray code is of a kind that has a sign bit and has the other bits symmetrically disposed about zero. This form is easily converted to a sign and magnitude code, which is advantageous as it reduces the latency of the converter, which is particularly useful at high data rates.
Abstract:
The invention provides a particular construction for digital filters in which, instead of multiplying various ones of the digital samples by weights and adding the results together, one or more of the digital samples is inspected by a ranging unit, which then instructs an incrementing unit to increment, decrement or leave alone one of the samples to provide the result. In order to achieve very high data rates, the incremented and decremented values can be pre-prepared whilst the ranging unit makes its decision, and then a multiplexer responsive to the output of the ranging unit is used to select the appropriate one of the pre-prepared values.