摘要:
A packing material for a liquid chromatograph is provided particularly to be used for separating polycyclic aromatic compounds. The packing material is prepared by treating a base material of the packing material with a coupling agent of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Aro is an aromatic moiety, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, lower alkoxy group, or halogen atom, R.sup.3 is a lower alkoxy group or halogen atom. Since an aromatic moiety within one molecule is immobilized through many functional groups on the surface of the base material, the packing material has stable and excellent separating properties.
摘要:
A lamination of films is comprised of at least two film layers wherein a first film with the smallest internal stress is provided for the first layer directly on the substrate, and a second film is provided with the second smallest amount of internal stress for the second layer on the first layer, and when more than two layers are provided, additional layers of films are provided with increasing magnitude of internal stress, in sequence, in the direction of lamination from the side of the substrate. In accordance with one aspect, the hydrogen concentration of a silicon nitride layer is controlled to obtain optimum properties of the silicon nitride layer as a buffer layer between a carbon layer and an oxide substrate.
摘要:
A frequency synthesizer, including a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for providing wave amplitude data as a standard signal source, and a phase lock loop for comparing a branched synthesizer frequency with the standard signal source at a phase comparator. A frequency converter converts the output frequency of the DDS to a higher frequency and provides the resultant higher frequency to the phase comparator in the phase loop. A small loop dividing ratio is obtained by converting the low frequency of the DDS to a higher frequency. A spurious of the synthesizer output signal is reduced and provides a low power consumption apparatus.
摘要:
A control device for a motor vehicle alternating current generator for controlling a field current of the generator with use of voltage control circuitry and field current limiting circuitry, wherein a field current limiting value is varied successively based on the detected output voltage of the generator and the field current is increased smoothly upon an increased demand.
摘要:
An auto focusing device or a camera including such a device has a focus detecting circuit for detecting the defocus states of a plurality of objects. A calculation circuit calculates a lens position and an aperture value which are capable of placing at least two of the plurality of objects in focus on the basis of the detected defocus states. When a defocus amount difference between the two objects is outside of a predetermined range, the calculation circuit calculates a lens position capable of placing two other objects, the defocused amount difference between which is within the predetermined range, in focus.
摘要:
An etching method for eliminating carbon material is described. After disposing a substrate to be treated in a CVD reaction chamber, NF.sub.3 is admitted to the chamber and converted into a plasma etchant comprising fluorine ions or radicals by inputting high frequency energy. The carbon material elimination can be applied for chamber cleaning so as to removing carbon deposited debris from the inside of the chamber.
摘要:
While CVD (chemical vopour reaction) methods and enhanced CVD methods for coating a substrate with a carbon coating have recently been attracting considerable interest, there have occurred hitherto rubbing-off of the carbon coating from the underlying substrate due to differential thermal expansion or contraction. The present invention discloses a modification of the conventional CVD process for carbon deposition in accordance with which the deposition condition is changed in order that the hardness of the carbon coating at the interface between the coating and the underlying substrate is lower than that at the external surface of the coating.
摘要:
A rotor for an automotive alternator includes a rotary shaft, first and second magnetic pole cores each having a plurality of magnetic pole claws, a bobbin, a field coil, a plurality of permanent magnets, and a positioning mechanism. The magnetic pole claws of the first magnetic pole core are interleaved with those of the second magnetic pole core. The field coil is wound around the first and second magnetic pole cores via the bobbin. The permanent magnets are interposed between the first and second magnetic pole cores. The positioning mechanism, which is made up of at least one of the rotary shaft, the first and second magnetic pole cores, and the bobbin, functions to position the first and second magnetic pole cores in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft with intervals between adjacent pairs of the magnetic pole claws of the first and second magnetic pole cores being even.
摘要:
Included are an illumination lamp (2) for illuminating a color filter edge (23) at a predetermined angle of incidence, a sensor (3) for taking at least two images by imaging light reflected at a predetermined angle different from the angle of incidence, an image processing section (9) for calculating a difference in luminance within a color filter in accordance with the images thus taken, and a defect determination section (13) for determining the existence of unevenness in the color filter from the difference in luminance. Provided thereby are a color filter inspection method and a color filter inspection apparatus, each for early discovering unevenness through macroscopic observation of the whole color filter by illuminating the color filter edge and by taking reflected light that is not specular reflected light, the unevenness occurring in a drying step, the color filter edge containing a boundary between a pixel and a black matrix. Further provided is a method for manufacturing a color filter with use of the color filter inspection method.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for processing a waste water containing an oxygen-containing compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carbonyl group, which comprises the following first step and second step. First step: An alkaline agent is added into a waste water containing an oxygen-containing compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carbonyl group so that the waste water has a pH of not less than 10. Second step: The waste water to which the alkaline agent is added in the first step is distilled for separating a waste liquid in which the oxygen-containing compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carbonyl group is concentrated.