摘要:
An alcohol is effective produced by catalytically reducing an organic carboxylic acid ester with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reducing a catalyst precursor comprising (A) copper oxide and (B) titanium oxide and/or titanium hydroxide at a weight ratio of (A) to (B) in the range between 15/85 and 65/35. The component (A) may be alternatively a composite metal oxide comprises copper oxide and up to 20 wt. % of zinc oxide.
摘要:
A digital waveform generating circuit having a DC voltage as an input and generating a sinusoidal digital signal, an active filter extracting low-frequency components from the sinusoidal digital signal generated in the digital waveform generating circuit, and a high-voltage control circuit generating a high-voltage drive signal using the sinusoidal digital signal after passing through the active filter are provided. A smooth waveform without steep voltage changes is generated.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of obtaining highly pure phytosterols practically and efficiently from crude phytosterol compositions derived from vegetable fats and oils. That is, the present invention provides a method of saponifying fatty esters contained in crude phytosterol compositions with an alkali in a mixed solvent of an lower alcohol and water, as well as a process for producing phytosterols, which comprises, after this saponifying method, cooling the reaction solution to precipitate crystals of phytosterols, and separating the obtained crystals.
摘要:
The present invention provides a heterogeneous catalyst which is highly active, excellent in selectivity and free from elution of its catalyst-components during reaction and which has long lifetime. That is, a phosphate of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and iron is used as the catalyst for transesterification of the present invention.
摘要:
A copper-containing hydrogenation reaction catalyst is prepared by reducing a precursor of a copper-containing catalyst usable in hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen gas or a mixture of hydrogen and an inert gas by liquid phase reduction in a stream of a solvent in the temperature range of from 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. An alcohol is produced using the catalyst thus obtained in a fixed bed continuous reaction system.
摘要:
A hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor of the present invention comprises a catalyst carrier (A) and a metal oxide composition (B) carried on or mixed with the catalyst carrier (A) at a weight ratio of (B)/(A)=15/85 to 65/35; the catalyst carrier (A) comprising a carrier base material of silica, etc. and a coating of titanium oxide and/or titanium hydroxide, the metal oxide composition (B) comprising copper oxide, zinc oxide, and at least one oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of an element of group IIa of the periodic table, an element of group IIIb of the table, a lanthanide element, and an actinide element at a weight ratio of 100/(0 to 25)/(0 to 25). A hydrogenation reaction catalyst with a high catalytic activity and a high reaction selectivity is obtained by reduction of the hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor. By the use of the hydrogenation reaction catalyst of the present invention, a high quality alcohol can be produced at a high yield and with a high selectivity even at a low reaction temperature and a low hydrogen pressure.
摘要:
A process for producing a hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor is disclosed, including the steps of:(i) coating the outer surface of at least one of a first titanium oxide and a first titanium hydroxide having an outer surface area of at least 15 m.sup.2 /g with at least one of a second titanium oxide and a second titanium hydroxide formed by hydrolyzing at least one of a titanium alkoxide represented by Formula (I) and a titanium alkoxo acid represented by Formula (II) to prepare a catalyst carrier (A);Ti(OR).sub.4 (I) wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group,H.sub.2 [Ti(OR).sub.6 ] (II) wherein R has the same meaning as above;(ii) applying a metal oxide composition (B) onto the catalyst carrier (A) obtained in step (i), or mixing the metal oxide composition (B) with the catalyst carrier (A) to obtain a hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor. Also, a process for producing an alcohol is described, including catalytically reducing an organic carboxylic acid ester with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reducing the hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor produced by the process described above.