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公开(公告)号：US4833565A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US16412
申请日：1987-02-19
CPC分类号： H01H47/22
摘要： An electromagnetic contactor or controller is taught in which the voltage which is impressed across the electromagnetic armature winding is controlled with an algorithm to enhance the closing operation. A microprocessor is utilized to implement the algorithm.
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22.发明授权Electromagnetic contactor with discriminator for determining when an input control signal is true or false and method 失效用于确定输入控制信号何时为真或错误的鉴别器的电磁接触器和方法
公开(公告)号：US4728810A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-01
申请号：US16426
申请日：1987-02-19
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
CPC分类号： H01H47/002 , H01H9/167
摘要： Long conductors in a common cable which interconnect control pushbuttons to the basic control circuit for an electromagnetic contactor often have distributed capacitance between them. This distributed capacitance may conduct capacitive current from the power supply line to a parallel control line. This current interacts with high impedance in the control circuit for producing a voltage, or False signal, which may be of a magnitude which would otherwise be supplied by an ON pushbutton. In order to discriminate between a TRUE signal and a False signal the first capacitor is connected between the power supply conductor in system common and a second capacitor, larger than the first capacitor, is connected between a signal conductor and system common so that under normal circumstances the alternating voltage on the second conductor lags the alternating voltage on the first conductor by an amount .DELTA. except when the voltage on the second conductor is provided by the capacitive current between lines in which case the voltage on the second conductor will lead the voltage on the first conductor by an amount .gamma. due to the capacitive nature of the current. The microprocessor is conditioned to look at the two voltages immediately after the voltage on the first conductor changes state to determine if the signal is produced by a closed pushbutton or capacitive current.
摘要翻译： 将控制按钮与用于电磁接触器的基本控制电路互连的公共电缆中的长导体通常在它们之间具有分布电容。 该分布式电容可以将电容电流从电源线传导到并行控制线。 该电流与控制电路中的高阻抗相互作用以产生可能由ON按钮提供的幅度的电压或False信号。 为了区分TRUE信号和False信号，第一电容器连接在系统公共电源导体和大于第一电容器的第二电容器之间，连接在信号导体和系统共同之间，以便在正常情况下 第二导体上的交流电压滞后于第一导体上的交流电压DELTA，除了当第二导体上的电压由线之间的电容电流提供时，在这种情况下，第二导体上的电压将导致第二导体上的电压 第一导体由于电流的电容性质而被量γ。 微处理器调节为在第一导体上的电压改变状态之后立即观察两个电压，以确定信号是否由闭合的按钮或电容电流产生。
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23.发明授权Unitary light source comprising compact HID lamp and incandescent ballast filament 失效单一光源，包括紧凑型HID灯和白炽灯
公开(公告)号：US4438369A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-20
申请号：US513259
申请日：1983-07-14
申请人： John M. Hicks , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： John M. Hicks , Joseph C. Engel
摘要： Unitary light source comprises compact HID lamp and starting and operating circuit therefor operable from household AC energizing potential. The HID lamp is ballasted by incandescent filament means which also provides the major portion of developed light during HID warm up and after power interruption. The ballast filament and input terminals of a full-wave rectifier connect in series across the light source input terminals and the HID lamp connects across the rectifier output. A low-impedance path means and high-voltage pulse generator, which includes a high-voltage electrode operatively associated with the HID lamp, connect across the rectifier input. Initially, the voltage developed across the rectifier input is relatively high and the pulse generator and low-impedance path means are responsive thereto to devleop high voltage pulses and also provide a low impedance path in series with the ballast filament to cause it to incandesce brightly. The developed high voltage pulses applied to the high voltage electrode ionize the atmosphere within the HID envelope. After the HID lamp starts, the voltage develped across the rectifier input is insufficient to energize the low-impedance path means and pulse generating means. As the HID lamp warms up, the brightness of the incandescent ballast filament means decreases. A lamp keep-alive comprising a DC source is connected across the rectifier means output terminals to provide lamp operating energy during periods of rectifier conduction minima and, if necessary, to provide DC energy as a lamp starting aid.
摘要翻译： 单一光源包括紧凑型HID灯，以及起动和操作电路，可从家用交流通电电位操作。 HID灯由白炽灯丝装置镇定，在HID预热期间和电力中断之后也提供发光的主要部分。 全波整流器的镇流器灯丝和输入端子串联连接在光源输入端子上，HID灯连接整流器输出。 低阻抗路径装置和高电压脉冲发生器，其包括与HID灯可操作地相关联的高压电极，连接整流器输入。 最初，在整流器输入端产生的电压相对较高，并且脉冲发生器和低阻抗通路装置对其施加响应以去除高电压脉冲，并且还提供与镇流灯丝串联的低阻抗路径以使其明亮地炽热。 施加到高电压电极的开发的高电压脉冲电离HID包络内的大气。 在HID灯启动之后，跨过整流器输入的电压不足以激励低阻抗路径装置和脉冲发生装置。 随着HID灯的加热，白炽灯丝灯丝的亮度降低。 包括DC源的灯保持连接在整流装置输出端上，以在整流器导通最小值期间提供灯工作能量，并且如果需要，提供DC能量作为灯起动辅助。
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24.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4247879A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-27
申请号：US897885
申请日：1978-04-19
申请人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
摘要： A ground fault circuit breaker is provided which includes means for sensing ground fault current and for analyzing the waveform of the ground fault current. An operating mechanism automatically separates the contacts of the circuit breaker upon detection of ground fault current waveforms corresponding to the waveform of current passing through human skin. In a preferred embodiment, means are provided to synchronously detect the third harmonic component of ground fault current using phase and amplitude information to determine the presence of a ground fault path through human skin. Alternatively, means are provided to sense peak and average values of ground fault current and to trip the breaker whenever the ratio of peak to average ground fault current exceeds a predetermined level. In another alternative, the slope of the ground fault current at zero crossing is detected and compared to the ground fault current peaks. Whenever the ratio of peak current to zero crossing slope exceeds a predetermined level, the mechanism of the breaker is tripped.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种接地故障断路器，它包括用于检测接地故障电流和分析接地故障电流波形的装置。 检测到与通过人体皮肤的电流波形相对应的接地故障电流波形时，操作机构自动分离断路器的触点。 在优选实施例中，提供了使用相位和幅度信息来同步地检测接地故障电流的三次谐波分量的装置，以确定通过人体皮肤的接地故障路径的存在。 或者，提供用于感测接地故障电流的峰值和平均值并且每当峰值对平均接地故障电流的比率超过预定水平时跳闸断路器的装置。 在另一种选择中，检测过零点的接地故障电流的斜率，并将其与接地故障电流峰值进行比较。 每当峰值电流与零交叉斜率的比率超过预定值时，断路器的机构跳闸。
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公开(公告)号：US4186431A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-29
申请号：US900945
申请日：1978-04-28
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , George Hines
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , George Hines
CPC分类号： G03B27/542 , F21V3/04 , F21V7/22
摘要： A cylindrical, elongated incandescent lamp is positioned within a tubular light reflecting member including a line light diffuser strip window. The light reflecting member responds to the electrical excitation of the incandescent lamp by emitting a light pattern through the line light diffuser strip window.
摘要翻译： 圆柱形细长的白炽灯位于包括线光漫射器条窗的管状光反射构件内。 光反射部件通过线路光扩散器条窗口发出光图案来响应白炽灯的电激励。
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公开(公告)号：US20210283486A1
公开(公告)日：2021-09-16
申请号：US16816890
申请日：2020-03-12
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
IPC分类号： A63B71/02
摘要： A releasable net system using a releasable net attachment mechanism is provided. The releasable net system includes two or more upright structures with lateral support structures extending therebetween, and at least one net configured with the lateral support structures to form a net wall. The at least one net is attached to the lateral support structures using one or more releasable attachment mechanisms that are adapted to break under a predetermined load. In this way, the releasable attachment mechanisms may release the net from the support structures under environmental load conditions (high winds, snow, freezing rain) prior to the collapse of the support structures. The system may be used with outdoor netting systems such as those used for errant ball containment at golf driving ranges.
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公开(公告)号：US07952842B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-31
申请号：US11862342
申请日：2007-09-27
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
IPC分类号： H02H3/00
CPC分类号： H02H3/335 , H02H1/0015 , H02H3/04
摘要： A circuit breaker includes separable contacts; a load conductor; a neutral conductor; and an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts. An arc fault trip circuit cooperates with the operating mechanism and trips open the separable contacts responsive to detection of an arc fault condition associated with current flowing through the separable contacts. A ground fault trip circuit cooperates with the operating mechanism and is structured to trip open the separable contacts responsive to detection of a ground fault condition associated with current flowing through the separable contacts, the load conductor and the neutral conductor. The arc fault trip circuit includes an integration capacitor, and the ground fault trip circuit includes an output to the integration capacitor.
摘要翻译： 断路器包括可分离触点; 负载导体; 中性导体 以及构造成打开和关闭可分离触点的操作机构。 电弧故障跳闸电路与操作机构配合，并响应于检测到与流过可分离触点的电流相关联的电弧故障状况而跳开可分离触点。 接地故障跳闸电路与操作机构配合，并且被构造为响应于检测到与流过可分离触点，负载导体和中性导体的电流相关联的接地故障状况而跳开可分离触点。 电弧故障跳闸电路包括积分电容器，接地故障跳闸电路包括积分电容器的输出。
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公开(公告)号：US06876532B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-05
申请号：US10134411
申请日：2002-04-29
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , Kevin L. Parker
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , Kevin L. Parker
CPC分类号： H02H3/085 , H01H71/123 , H01H71/125 , H01H2011/0068 , H02H1/0007
摘要： A trip unit for a circuit interrupter includes a power supply, a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals. A heater conductor is electrically connected between each pair of the input and output terminals. The heater conductor is adapted to generate heat responsive to current flowing through the conductor. A diode is disposed proximate each of the conductors for heating thereby. The diodes are electrically interconnected with the power supply and are adapted to provide a forward voltage representative of the temperature of the corresponding conductor. Another diode is electrically interconnected with the power supply and is adapted to provide a forward voltage representative of ambient temperature. A thermal trip circuit generates a trip signal for the circuit interrupter responsive to the forward voltage of the diodes.
摘要翻译： 断路器的跳闸单元包括电源，多个输入端子和多个输出端子。 加热器导体电连接在每对输入和输出端子之间。 加热器导体适于响应于流过导体的电流产生热量。 二极管靠近每个导体设置，从而加热。 二极管与电源电互连，并且适于提供表示相应导体的温度的正向电压。 另一个二极管与电源电互连，并且适于提供代表环境温度的正向电压。 热跳闸电路响应于二极管的正向电压而产生用于断路器的跳闸信号。
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公开(公告)号：US06407897B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09540407
申请日：2000-03-31
IPC分类号： H02H300
摘要： A network protector is provided with diagnostics which alert a utility of component problems in detail. Selected measurements are used to assess the condition of various components such as for example, main contact electrical resistance, a blown fuse, the availability of sufficient voltage for charging the springs which close the main contacts and adequate voltage for tripping the contacts open. These abnormal operating conditions are transmitted to a remote station at the utility so that proper maintenance can be efficiently provided.
摘要翻译： 网络保护器具有诊断功能，可以详细地提醒组件问题的实用性。 所选的测量用于评估各种部件的状况，例如主接触电阻，熔断的保险丝，充满电压的充足电压，使弹簧闭合主触头和足够的电压以使触点断开。 这些异常操作条件被传送到公用事业的远程站，以便有效地提供适当的维护。
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30.发明授权Circuit breaker responsive to repeated in-rush currents produced by a sputtering arc fault 有权断路器响应于由溅射电弧故障产生的重复冲击电流
公开(公告)号：US6057997A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US324560
申请日：1999-06-03
CPC分类号： H02H1/043 , H02H1/0015 , H02H3/335 , H02H3/44
摘要： A circuit breaker responds to sputtering arc faults by counting the times that a bandwidth limited di/dt signal exceeds a threshold magnitude within a selected time interval. In the exemplary circuit breaker, if the threshold is exceeded twice within a one second interval, a trip solenoid is energized. The di/dt sensor can share a sensing coil with a ground fault detector. Alternatively, the resistance of the neutral lead within the circuit breaker is utilized to sense current which is converted to a bandwidth limited di/dt signal for level detection and counting of sputtering arc events.
摘要翻译： 断路器通过对带宽有限的di / dt信号在选定的时间间隔内超过阈值的时间进行计数来响应溅射电弧故障。 在示例性断路器中，如果阈值在一秒间隔内超过两次，则跳闸螺线管通电。 di / dt传感器可以与接地故障检测器共享感测线圈。 或者，断路器内的中性线的电阻用于检测转换为带宽限制的di / dt信号的电流，用于电平检测和溅射电弧事件的计数。
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