公开(公告)号：US20220389879A1

公开(公告)日：2022-12-08

申请号：US17839378

申请日：2022-06-13

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood

IPC: F02D41/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/12 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02M37/00 ,  F02D19/06 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02D13/02 ,  F02D41/04 ,  F02D41/30

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

公开(公告)号：US11053870B2

公开(公告)日：2021-07-06

申请号：US17024236

申请日：2020-09-17

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood

IPC: F02D41/00 ,  F02D41/26 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/12 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02M37/00 ,  F02D19/06 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02D13/02 ,  F02D41/04 ,  F02D41/30

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

公开(公告)号：US20210003084A1

公开(公告)日：2021-01-07

申请号：US17024236

申请日：2020-09-17

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood

IPC: F02D41/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/12 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02M37/00 ,  F02D19/06 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02D13/02 ,  F02D41/04 ,  F02D41/30

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

公开(公告)号：US10138826B2

公开(公告)日：2018-11-27

申请号：US15716675

申请日：2017-09-27

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02D41/30 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02P5/04 ,  F02D41/38

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

公开(公告)号：US09810166B2

公开(公告)日：2017-11-07

申请号：US15463425

申请日：2017-03-20

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02D41/30 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02P5/04 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02D41/38

CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

公开(公告)号：US09711254B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-18

申请号：US15051792

申请日：2016-02-24

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute Of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Philip C. Michael

IPC: H01J3/14 ,  G21K1/093 ,  A61N5/10

CPC classification number: G21K1/093 ,  A61N5/1077 ,  A61N2005/1087 ,  A61N2005/1092

Abstract: Toroidal superconducting magnets can be used as lightweight rotating bending magnets in hadron therapy gantries. The toroidal bending magnets are self-shielded and do not require ferromagnetic material for field modification or shielding, decreasing both the magnet system weight, as well as overall gantry weight. Achromatic magnet can be made by combining two of these bending magnets. The simple geometry may allow the use of higher fields, making it attractive for carbon, as well as proton.

公开(公告)号：US09708965B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-18

申请号：US14807125

申请日：2015-07-23

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood

IPC: F02D17/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/12 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02M37/00 ,  F02D19/06 ,  F02D41/00

CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D13/0215 ,  F02D19/0636 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/0665 ,  F02D19/0671 ,  F02D19/0689 ,  F02D19/0692 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D19/084 ,  F02D19/12 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/0007 ,  F02D41/047 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2200/0406 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02M37/0088 ,  Y02T10/148 ,  Y02T10/36

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

公开(公告)号：US09695784B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-04

申请号：US14982086

申请日：2015-12-29

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02M25/14 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02M25/00

CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

公开(公告)号：US09353678B2

公开(公告)日：2016-05-31

申请号：US14350994

申请日：2012-10-09

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02B43/04 ,  F02D19/08 ,  C01B3/36 ,  F02D19/06

CPC classification number: F02B43/04 ,  C01B3/366 ,  C01B2203/1217 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/084 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y02T10/36

Abstract: Reformer-enhanced alcohol engine system. The engine system includes a spark-ignited alcohol engine having a compression ratio in the range of 13-15 and includes a turbocharger or supercharger operatively connected to the engine to provide a pressure boost of at least about 2.5 times atmospheric pressure to cylinders of the engine. A source of alcohol is provided for injection into the engine. A reformer is provided including a low-temperature reforming catalyst in a heat transfer relation with exhaust gas from the engine and arranged to receive alcohol from the alcohol source for reforming the alcohol into a hydrogen-rich gas. Means are provided for injecting the hydrogen-rich gas into the engine and a knock sensor detects knock in the engine. A fuel management control unit is provided which is responsive to the knock sensor to apportion the ratio of alcohol injected into the engine to hydrogen-rich gas injected into the engine. The engine of the invention can provide a 15-25% efficiency gain in a methanol-fueled spark ignition engine relative to a diesel engine in a typical drive cycle.

Abstract translation: 改良型酒精发动机系统。 发动机系统包括具有在13-15范围内的压缩比的火花点燃酒精发动机，并且包括可操作地连接到发动机的涡轮增压器或增压器，以向发动机气缸提供至少大约2.5倍的压力升压 。 提供酒精来源注入发动机。 提供了一种重整器，其包括与来自发动机的排气的传热关系的低温重整催化剂，并且被配置成从醇源接收醇以将醇重整成富氢气体。 提供了用于将富氢气体注入发动机并且爆震传感器检测发动机爆震的装置。 提供了一种燃料管理控制单元，其响应于爆震传感器以将注入发动机的醇的比例分配给注入发动机的富氢气体。 本发明的发动机可以在典型的驱动循环中相对于柴油发动机在甲醇燃料的火花点火发动机中提供15-25％的效率增益。

公开(公告)号：US20160017794A1

公开(公告)日：2016-01-21

申请号：US14867500

申请日：2015-09-28

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute Of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  William H. Green ,  Alexander Sappok ,  Daniel R. Cohn ,  Amrit Jalan

IPC: F02B65/00 ,  C01B3/36 ,  F02B1/12

CPC classification number: F02B65/00 ,  C01B3/366 ,  C01B13/0259 ,  C01B2203/025 ,  C01B2203/0255 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/061 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  F02B1/12 ,  Y02E60/324

Abstract: A reformer-liquid fuel manufacturing system that utilizes an engine to generate hydrogen-rich gas is disclosed. The engine operates at very rich conditions, such as 2.5

Abstract translation: 公开了一种利用发动机产生富氢气体的重整器 - 液体燃料制造系统。 发动机工作条件非常丰富，例如2.5 <＆phgr; <4.0。 在这样做时，它产生放热反应，这导致合成气的生产。 此外，该系统利用来自放热反应的能量来旋转轴并且还利用合成气中的热量来加热反应物。 机械发电厂与旋转轴连通，可根据要求用于生产氧气，提供电力或操作压缩机。 将富氢气体供应到化学反应器，其将气体转化为液体燃料，例如甲醇。