摘要:
An apparatus for the in situ extraction of bitumen or very heavy oil from oil sand deposits, and applying heat energy to the deposit to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen is provided. A high-frequency generator feeds electric power to a linearly extended conductor loop at a predefined depth of an oil sand deposit, the inductance of the conductor loop is compensated in some sections or continuously. Advantageously, one of the conductors of the conductor loop may be disposed substantially in a vertical direction above the extraction pipe.
摘要:
A method is for conveying bitumen or heavy oil in a deposit is provided. The bitumen or very heavy oil is liquefied by way of an inductive conductor loop as a heater and is led away using an extraction pipe, wherein the conductor loop and the extraction pipe are disposed relative to one another such that the heating and thus extraction of bitumen or very heavy oil is maximized. To this end, one of the conductors of the conductor loop is disposed substantially vertically above the extraction pipe.
摘要:
The thermoelectric facility has a thermoelectric generator and a structure for limiting the temperature thereof. The structure has a flat compartment which is at least substantially filled with an evaporable working medium. The dimensions of the compartment are adapted to those of the thermoelectric generator and the compartment is thermally connected to a heat source or to the thermoelectric generator across a large surface of its opposite surfaces. The temperature-limiting structure also includes a conduit system, connected to the compartment, into which a recirculation cooler is integrated to which a gaseous portion of the working medium can freely rise from the compartment. The working medium should have a boiling point that is at least below a critical temperature above which the thermoelectric generator will be permanently damaged. The thermoelectric facility is especially useful for motor vehicles that are operated by an internal combustion engine.
摘要:
A turbocharger configuration, particularly in or for a motor vehicle, includes at least one turbocharger stage, which has a turbine and a compressor that are mechanically decoupled from each other. A turbochargeable internal combustion engine having such a turbocharger configuration, is also provided.
摘要:
A turbochargeable internal combustion engine contains a motor which has an exhaust manifold on the exhaust gas side, a turbocharger which has at least two turbocharger stages and, on the exhaust gas side, has an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. The engine further has a primary catalytic converter, which is arranged on the exhaust gas side between the exhaust manifold of the engine block and the exhaust gas inlet of the turbocharger.
摘要:
A device for the in-situ extraction of a hydrocarbon-containing substance, while reducing the viscosity thereof, from an underground deposit, has at least one injection pipeline extending in the deposit and at least one production pipeline leading out of the deposit, which together form a so-called well pair. The injection and production pipelines each have a starting region extending above ground in some areas, and an active region connecting to the starting region inside the deposit. With the method, during a heating phase hot steam is applied to the injection and production pipelines, while during a production phase hot steam is applied only to the injection pipeline. Furthermore, the active region of the injection pipeline is additionally configured as an induction heater regarding the surrounding area in the deposit. In the associated device, for example, the well pair formed by the injection pipeline and production pipeline can be configured as electrodes.
摘要:
In a protective circuit for a converter having a plurality of phases, for each phase current of the phases, a signal proportional to the respective phase current is applied to a transformer circuit that, below and in the area of a limiting frequency, functions as a low-pass filter with the limiting frequency, and above the limiting frequency, functions as a divider. The outputs of the transformer circuit are applied to a maximum generator for forming the absolute value maximum. This maximum is fed to a comparator in which the maximum is compared to a reference value.
摘要:
A process for preparing a hydroxylation catalyst by i) embedding a cystochrome P450 monooxygenase in a sol-gel matrix, ii) embedding an enzymatic NADPH-regenerating system in a sol-gel matrix, and combining the two components i) and ii) unless they were already mixed together before the embedding.
摘要:
A method for error detection in a drive mechanism, having a multiphase electric motor and a converter connected upstream thereof, wherein the converter controls voltages of individual phases of the electric motor, and individual phase currents in the individual phases of the electric motor each extend periodically. The method includes measuring a phase current of the electric motor at a predetermined point of a respective period, simultaneously varying a voltage that is associated with the measured phase current and evaluating a measured value of the measured phase current as a function of the voltage that is associated with the measured phase current.
摘要:
A gradient coil system for a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus has a layer structure including a gradient coil layer and a cooling layer. The cooling layer is fashioned as a plate heat exchanger, composed of plates, for cooling the gradient coil layer. In this way, a highly efficient cooling of the gradient coil layer is achieved with a lower structural height compared to conventional tubular configurations.