Preparation of ketones
    23.
    发明授权
    Preparation of ketones 失效
    酮的制备

    公开(公告)号:US4950763A

    公开(公告)日:1990-08-21

    申请号:US381469

    申请日:1989-07-18

    摘要: Ketones of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each alkyl, cycyloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, and one or more of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 carry one or more hydrogen atoms on the .alpha.-carbon atom, are prepared by reacting two carboxylic acids of the general formulae (IIa/IIb), R.sup.1 --COOH (IIa) and R.sup.2 --COOH (IIb) or by reacting a carboxylic acid R.sup.1 --COOH (IIa) and a ketone ##STR2## or by reacting a mixture of IIa, IIb and Ib, in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst, by a process in which a catalyst is used whose active material contains at least 50% by weight of titanium dioxide having a specific surface area greater than 10 m.sup.2 /g.0.

    摘要翻译: 其中R 1和R 2彼此独立地为烷基,氰基烷基,芳基烷基,芳基或杂芳基的通式(I)的酮,其中R 1和R 2中的一个或多个携带一个或多个氢原子 通过使通式(IIa / IIb),R1-COOH(IIa)和R2-COOH(IIb)的两种羧酸反应或通过使羧酸R1-COOH(IIa)和 酮(Ib)或IIa,IIb和Ib的混合物在气相中,在催化剂存在下,通过使用活性物质含有至少50重量%的催化剂的方法 的比表面积大于10m 2 / g的二氧化钛。

    Non-chemical, mechanical procedure for the devulcanization of scrap rubber and/or elastomers and apparatus therefor
    24.
    发明授权
    Non-chemical, mechanical procedure for the devulcanization of scrap rubber and/or elastomers and apparatus therefor 有权
    用于废橡胶和/或弹性体的脱硫的非化学,机械方法及其设备

    公开(公告)号:US08957119B2

    公开(公告)日:2015-02-17

    申请号:US13558880

    申请日:2012-07-26

    申请人: Harald Rust

    发明人: Harald Rust

    摘要: Method of devulcanizing rubber and/or elastomers without the need for a chemical agent, in which method the vulcanized rubber and/or elastomers are fed into a planetary roller extruder, which planetary roller extruder has a housing, a central spindle, two groups of planetary roller spindles, and a dispersion ring disposed about the central spindle and between the two groups of planetary spindles. Mechanical and thermal stress is generated on the vulcanized rubber and/or elastomers by kneading and/or crushing the vulcanized rubber and/or elastomers using the central spindle and the planetary spindles, and by forcing the vulcanized rubber and/or elastomers through the dispersion ring, which is designated to substantially restrict passage of the vulcanized rubber and/or elastomers therethrough. The mechanical and thermal stress alone is sufficient to break or destroy the molecular chains or bonds of the vulcanized rubber and/or elastomers.

    摘要翻译: 将橡胶和/或弹性体脱硫而不需要化学试剂的方法,其中将硫化橡胶和/或弹性体进料到行星辊挤出机中,该行星辊式挤出机具有壳体,中心心轴,两组行星 辊心轴,以及围绕中心心轴和两组行星主轴之间布置的分散环。 在硫化橡胶和/或弹性体上通过使用中心心轴和行星心轴捏合和/或破碎硫化橡胶和/或弹性体并通过迫使硫化橡胶和/或弹性体通过分散环产生机械和热应力 ,其被指定为基本上限制硫化橡胶和/或弹性体通过其的通道。 单独的机械和热应力足以破坏或破坏硫化橡胶和/或弹性体的分子链或键。

    Dividing wall column
    26.
    发明授权
    Dividing wall column 失效
    分隔墙柱

    公开(公告)号:US06958111B2

    公开(公告)日:2005-10-25

    申请号:US09847299

    申请日:2001-05-03

    IPC分类号: B01D3/14 B01D3/16

    CPC分类号: B01D3/141 B01D3/146

    摘要: In a dividing wall column comprising as segments a) an upper column region (6), b) an inflow section (7), c) an offtake section (8) and d) a lower column region (9), the inflow section b) (7) and the offtake section c) (8) are separated from one another laterally by a dividing wall (10) fixed in the column and the dividing wall (10) is located between the upper column region a) (6) and the lower column region d) (9). The present invention provides for the dividing wall (10) to be constructed at least partly of an elastic material, the dividing wall (10) to have a slightly overdimensional width and the dividing wall (10) to be fixed in the column by the dividing wall exercising an elastic recovery force on the interior wall of the column. The dividing wall can easily be installed in, in particular, relatively small columns.

    摘要翻译: 在分隔壁柱中,包括a)上列区域(6),b)流入部分(7),c)脱出部分(8)和d)下部列区域(9),流入部分b )(7)和收拢部分c)(8)通过固定在塔中的分隔壁(10)横向隔开,分隔壁(10)位于上列区域a)(6)和 下列区域d)(9)。 本发明提供了至少部分地由弹性材料构成的分隔壁(10),该分隔壁(10)具有稍微过度的宽度,并且该分隔壁(10)通过分开固定在该塔中 墙壁在柱的内壁上弹性恢复力。 分隔壁可以容易地安装在特别是相对较小的柱中。

    Method for the production of cyclohexanol from benzene
    28.
    发明授权
    Method for the production of cyclohexanol from benzene 失效
    从苯生产环己醇的方法

    公开(公告)号:US06943274B2

    公开(公告)日:2005-09-13

    申请号:US10505705

    申请日:2003-02-28

    摘要: A process for preparing cyclohexanol from benzene by: a) preparing cyclohexene by hydrogenating benzene in the presence of a catalyst, and b) preparing cyclohexanol by hydrating the cyclohexene in the presence of a catalyst, comprises: carrying out steps a) and b) in a reaction facility which has a bottom region at the lower end, a top region at the upper end, and a reaction zone between the top region and the bottom region which contains the catalyst according to steps a) and b), evaporating a portion of the benzene using the heat of reaction in the reaction zone, condensing it in the top region and returning it to the reaction zone, and withdrawing a reaction mixture containing cyclohexanol in the bottom region.

    摘要翻译: 一种通过以下步骤由苯制备环己醇的方法:a)在催化剂存在下,通过氢化苯来制备环己烯,和b)通过在催化剂存在下使环己烯水合制备环己醇,包括:进行步骤a)和b) 具有下端的底部区域,上端的顶部区域和顶部区域和底部区域之间的反应区域的反应设备,其包含根据步骤a)和b)的催化剂,蒸发一部分 苯在反应区中使用反应热,在顶部区域冷凝并将其返回到反应区,并在底部区域中抽出含有环己醇的反应混合物。

    Preparation of 1,3-diols
    29.
    发明授权
    Preparation of 1,3-diols 失效
    1,3-二醇的制备

    公开(公告)号:US06380443B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-04-30

    申请号:US09677862

    申请日:2000-10-03

    IPC分类号: C07C2704

    摘要: A process for preparing 1,3-diols having 6 or more carbon atoms comprises a) provision of at least one alkanal having at least three carbon atoms; b) thermal treatment of the alkanal in the absence of a basic catalyst; c) hydrogenation of the aldol addition product formed in step b); and d) isolation of the 1,3-diol obtained. The process of the present invention makes it possible to prepare 1,3-diols simply and inexpensively.

    摘要翻译: 制备具有6个或更多个碳原子的1,3-二醇的方法包括:a)提供至少一种具有至少三个碳原子的链烷烃; b)在没有碱性催化剂的情况下热处理链烷烃; c)步骤b)中形成的醛醇加成产物的氢化; 和d)所获得的1,3-二醇的分离。本发明的方法使得可以简单且廉价地制备1,3-二醇。

    Isolation of &agr;-ethynyl carbinols by distillation
    30.
    发明授权
    Isolation of &agr;-ethynyl carbinols by distillation 失效
    通过蒸馏分离α-乙炔基甲醇

    公开(公告)号:US06316680B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-11-13

    申请号:US09455161

    申请日:1999-12-06

    IPC分类号: C07C2726

    摘要: In a process for isolating &agr;-ethynyl carbinols from the liquid reaction mixture from the addition of acetylene onto &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by distillation, the distillation is carried out continuously, the feed stream is introduced into the middle section of a distillation column (K), the major part of the water is distilled off azeotropically together with the solvent at the top of the column, and the &agr;-ethynyl carbinol target product is taken off below the feed point to the column.

    摘要翻译: 在通过蒸馏从乙炔加入到α,β-不饱和羰基化合物中的液体反应混合物中分离α-乙炔基甲醇的方法中,蒸馏连续进行,将进料流引入蒸馏塔的中间部分 (K)中,将大部分水与塔顶部的溶剂一起共沸蒸馏,并将α-乙炔基甲醇目标产物从柱的进料点以下取出。