摘要:
Disclosed are novel high-sensitivity positive- and negative-working chemical-sensitization photoresist compositions capable of giving a highly heat-resistant patterned resist layer of high resolution having excellently orthogonal cross sectional profile without being influenced by standing waves. The composition contains, as an acid generating agent by irradiation with actinic rays, a specific cyano-substituted oximesulfonate compound such as .alpha.-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxybenzyl cyanide. The advantages obtained by the use of this specific acid-generating agent is remarkable when the film-forming resinous ingredient has such a molecular weight distribution that the ratio of the weight-average molecular weight to the number-average molecular weight does not exceed 3.5.
摘要:
Disclosed is a novel positive-working or negative-working chemical-sensitization photoresist composition useful in the photolithographic patterning works for the manufacture of electronic devices. The photoresist composition is characterized by a unique acid-generating agent capable of releasing an acid by the pattern-wise exposure of the resist layer to actinic rays so as to increase or decrease the solubility of the resist layer in an aqueous alkaline developer solution. The acid-generating agent proposed is a novel cyano group-containing oxime sulfonate di- or triester compound represented by the general formulaA[C(CN).dbd.N--O--SO.sub.2 --R].sub.n,in which each R is, independently from the others, an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group such as alkyl groups, A is a divalent or tervalent organic group or, preferably, phenylene group and the subscript n is 2, when A is a divalent group, or 3, when A is a tervalent group or, preferably 2. Since more than one of sulfonic acid molecules are released from one molecule of the sulfonate compound by the exposure to actinic rays, the chemical-sensitization photoresist composition exhibits high photosensitivity.
摘要:
Disclosed are novel high-sensitivity positive- and negative-working chemical-sensitization photoresist compositions capable of giving a highly heat-resistant patterned resist layer of high resolution having excellently orthogonal cross sectional profile without being influenced by standing waves. The composition contains, as an acid generating agent by irradiation with actinic rays, a specific cyano-substituted oximesulfonate compound such as .alpha.-(methylsulfonyloxyimino)-4-methoxybenzyl cyanide. The advantages obtained by the use of this specific acid-generating agent is remarkable when the film-forming resinous ingredient has such a molecular weight distribution that the ratio of the weight-average molecular weight to the number-average molecular weight does not exceed 3.5.
摘要:
A pinch roller apparatus is disclosed which fully satisfies the requirements of tape running stability and durability of the bearing. A roller shaft is arranged inclined such that the tip end is close to the capstan. The angle of inclination (.alpha.) of the roller shaft with respect to the axis of the capstan is in the range of 0.degree.
摘要翻译:公开了一种完全满足带运行稳定性和轴承耐久性的要求的夹送辊装置。 辊轴倾斜布置,使得末端靠近绞盘。 辊轴相对于绞盘轴线的倾斜角(α)在0°<7°的范围内。 此外,当滚子轴和滑动轴承之间的径向间隙用“a”表示,滑动轴承的轴向方向上的有效长度由“b”表示时,则关系0.002 a / b = 0.05。
摘要:
A device for recording and reproducing on an optical information recording medium, includes a light source composed of a semiconductor laser to emit a divergent luminous flux; an objective lens to receive the divergent luminous flux and to converge the divergent luminous flux onto the optical information recording medium; and a tracker for tracking a converged luminous flux on the optical information recording medium by moving the objective lens in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis. The objective lens has an astigmatism so that a quantity of the astigmatism of a wavefront emitted from the objective lens shows a minimum value at a position where the objective lens is moved in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis by a tracking operation of the tracker.
摘要:
In an optical heterodyne receiver having a local oscillating light source controlled by a driver circuit and which uses a polarity diversity technique thereby producing first and second intermediate frequency signals, an automatic frequency control circuit (AFC) controls the driver circuit by generating an error signal. The AFC includes two power regulators for generating respective fixed power signals based on the two intermediate frequency signals. The AFC also includes two detectors for converting the fixed power signals to corresponding voltage signals based on their frequency; two control circuits for providing respective logic signals based on the fixed power signals; first and second switching circuits which enable/disable a respective detector in response to the logic signal from the respective control circuits; a third control circuit which generates an AND signal based on the logic signals from the control circuits; and an amplifier for generating the error signal by comparing a reference voltage and the voltage signals from the detectors, the amplifier changing an amplification factor in response to the AND signal from the third control circuit.
摘要:
For small type wide angle lenses for use with a compact camera, so-called inverted retrofocus lenses are often used. In this type of lens, the lens can be formed into more compact by increasing a refracting power of a rear unit of a negative meniscus with a convex surface thereof greatly curved toward an image and a front unit on the side of an object. However, this arrangement gives rise to an aberration. This aberration can be compensated by introducing at least one aspherical surface into the front unit and rear unit. In addition, this aspherical lens can be easily produced if it is formed of plastics.
摘要:
This invention relates to a wide angle lens for a compact camera using a lens shutter, in which wide angle lens, a distance from a front surface of the lens to a film surface is short. The lens is a lens of the inverted retrofocus type in which a negative meniscus lens greatly curved toward an image is arranged at the rear of a triplet lens of convex, concave and convex. The second, third and fourth lenses each comprise a plastic lens. Various aberrations are compensated and variation in focal length due to a variation in temperature is also prevented. By the formation of plastic lenses, it is possible to easily form the fourth lens into an aspherical lens.
摘要:
A clock generator for digital demodulators is disclosed wherein a voltage-controlled oscillator (19) generates clock pulses at controlled frequency and phase in response to error signals from a phase comparator (14) and a frequency comparator (12). The phase error signal represents a phase deviation of the clock from a window pulse which is generated in response to a predetermined transition between binary "1"s and binary "0"s of an input bit stream. The frequency comparator detects the frequency of the clock pulse and compares it with lower and upper limits of a predetermined range of frequency variations and generates a frequency control signal having different voltages depending on the result of the comparison.
摘要:
A clock generator for digital demodulators is disclosed wherein a voltage-controlled oscillator (19) generates clock pulses at controlled frequency and phase in response to error signals from a phase comparator (14) and a frequency comparator (12). The phase error signal represents a phase deviation of the clock from a window pulse which is generated in response to a predetermined transition between binary "1"s and binary "0"s of an input bit stream. The frequency comparator detects a synchronization code in the input bit stream to derive the frequency error signal by counting the number of clock pulses present in the period of the detected synchronization code.