摘要:
The present invention is directed to provide a controller for an internal combustion engine, capable of suppressing deterioration in drivability of an engine. A controller for an internal combustion engine has lean control means for calculating a torque margin from a reference engine speed and an actual engine speed and setting a combustion air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine to the lean side on the basis of the torque margin. In addition to correction of a fuel injection amount by the lean control means, the fuel injection amount is further corrected on the basis of a final correction value for reducing deterioration in drivability. The final correction value is set by selecting either a correction value which is set on the basis of an engine speed fluctuation amount or a final correction value of last time, which suppresses deterioration in drivability more. Thus, the operation of setting the air-fuel ratio to the lean side while considering deterioration in drivability can be performed.
摘要:
A method of stripping a strippable coating film formed on a substrate from the substrate, which method comprises either (i) spraying a hot water or water vapor at a predetermined temperature onto a strippable coating film having a surface temperature lower than 15.degree. C. for heating, or (ii) spraying a cold water or water vapor at a predetermined temperature onto a strippable coating film having a surface temperature higher than 35.degree. C. for cooling, so that the resulting surface temperature may be controlled in the range of 15 to 35.degree. C. respectively, followed by stripping the resulting strippable coating film respectively.
摘要:
An organic super-conductive material and a process for producing the same are disclosed, the material comprising a polymer having dispersed therein an organic super-conductive substance comprising an electron donor and an electron acceptor.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an electrochemical enzyme biosensor for use in liquid mixtures of components for detecting the presence of, or measuring the amount of, one or more select components. The enzyme electrode of the present invention is comprised of an enzyme, an artificial redox compound covalently bound to a flexible polymer backbone and an electron collector.
摘要:
This invention relates to novel polymers of dipropargylamine and derivatives thereof, a process for preparing same and the electrically conductive polymers resulting from doping poly(dipropargylamine) and derivatives thereof.
摘要:
This invention relates to novel polymers of dipropargylamine and derivatives thereof, a process for preparing same and the electrically conductive polymers resulting from doping poly(dipropargylamine) and derivatives thereof.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for one-step preparation of sulfur-selenium fulvalenes by reaction of an acetylenic compound with carbon selenide sulfide or with a mixture of carbon diselenide and carbon disulfide under pressures of at least about 1,000 atmospheres. Fulvalene compounds made by the process are characterized in having at least one sulfur atom and at least one selenium atom in the ring structure of the fulvalene compound. Substituted diselenadithiafulvalenes made by this process are precursors to very pure diselenadithiafulvalene which is useful in preparing charge-transfer salts.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for one-step preparation of substituted tetraselenafulvalenes by reaction of carbon diselenide with acetylenic compounds under pressures of at least about 1,000 atmospheres. Substituted tetraselenafulvalenes made by this process are useful as precursors to very pure tetraselenafulvalene and are useful in forming complexes with certain inorganic anions to provide charge-transfer salts having very high electrical conductivity.
摘要:
A process for separating components of a fluid mixture using membranes comprising a selective layer made from copolymers of perfluorinated dioxolanes. The resulting membranes have superior selectivity performance for fluid pairs of interest while maintaining fast fluid permeance compared to membranes prepared using conventional perfluoropolymers, such as Teflon® AF, Hyfion® AD, and Cytop®.
摘要:
Provided is an aluminum or aluminum alloy material having a surface treatment coating film on a surface of a substrate formed by an aluminum or aluminum alloy. The aluminum or aluminum alloy material has: a substrate formed by an aluminum or aluminum alloy; and a first protective layer and a second protective layer in the order on a surface of the substrate, wherein the first protective layer is a conversion coating film including vanadium and at least one or more types of metals selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium, the second protective layer is an organic coating film having a composition that includes (1) a chitosan derivative and a solubilizing agent, (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol formed by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer to a side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble crosslinking agent.