公开(公告)号：US4054729A

公开(公告)日：1977-10-18

申请号：US735922

申请日：1976-10-27

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： H01M4/46 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M6/36

CPC分类号： H01M4/46 ,  H01M10/399

摘要： A rechargeable, high temperature, electrochemical cell is made, comprising an anode containing an intermetallic compound of magnesium with silicon or magnesium with boron, a cathode containing a metal sulfide and a contacting, fused halide salt electrolyte, containing magnesium ions disposed between the anode and cathode.

摘要翻译： 制造可再充电的高温电化学电池，其包含含有镁与镁或镁与硼的金属间化合物的阳极，含有金属硫化物的阴极和接触的卤化物盐电解质，其含有设置在阳极和 阴极。

公开(公告)号：US06214194B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09435145

申请日：1999-11-08

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： C25D366

CPC分类号： C25D3/66 ,  C25D9/08

摘要： The electrochemical formation of oxygen ion conducting solid oxide layers is achieved by the cathodic deposition of the oxide layers from a melted salt bath of alkali element halides containing dissolved metal halides which provide the metal cations from which oxide layers are formed and attached to conductive cathodes. Oxygen is supplied at the cathodes to form oxygen ions which diffuse through the cathodically formed oxide layers and react with dissolved metal cations leading to oxide layer growth. The dissolved metal halides are regenerated at the anodes from metals and metal compounds. The process is called cathodic oxide deposition (COD) and represents a new and economic method for the fabrication of oxygen ion conductor layers for solid oxide electrochemical devices.

摘要翻译： 氧离子传导固体氧化物层的电化学形成是通过从含有溶解的金属卤化物的碱金属卤化物的熔融盐浴中阴极沉积氧化物层而实现的，其提供形成氧化物层并附着到导电阴极的金属阳离子。 在阴极处提供氧气以形成氧离子，其通过阴极形成的氧化物层扩散并与溶解的金属阳离子反应，导致氧化物层生长。 溶解的金属卤化物在金属和金属化合物的阳极处再生。 该过程称为阴极氧化物沉积（COD），并且代表了用于制造用于固体氧化物电化学装置的氧离子导体层的新的和经济的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5492777A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-20

申请号：US378299

申请日：1995-01-25

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg ,  Roswell J. Ruka

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg ,  Roswell J. Ruka

IPC分类号： C25B1/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/06 ,  H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： C01B3/061 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/06 ,  H01M8/0606 ,  H01M8/0656 ,  H01M8/186 ,  H01M8/243 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02E60/528 ,  Y02P20/129

摘要： An apparatus and method for storing electrical energy as chemical energy and recovering electrical energy from stored chemical energy. A solid oxide electrolyte electrochemical cell is operated in two modes. The first, energy storage, mode comprises steps of: (A) supplying electrical energy and steam to a solid oxide electrolyte electrochemical cell operating between 600.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C. as an electrolysis cell, to produce H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 ; (B) passing the H.sub.2 gas so produced into an energy storage reactor containing iron oxide, to produce iron metal and steam; (C) recirculating the steam produced in the energy storage reactor to the cathode of the electrolysis cell; and (D) repeating steps (A) to (C) until the iron oxide is converted to iron metal, for chemical storage of electrical energy. The second, energy recovery, mode comprises steps of: (E) supplying steam to the energy storage reactor containing iron metal, to produce iron oxides and H.sub.2 gas; (F) passing this H.sub.2 gas to the fuel anode of an electrochemical cell operating as a fuel cell, and supplying O.sub.2 gas to the air cathode of the electrochemical cell, to produce electrical energy and steam at the fuel anode; (G) recirculating the steam so produced to the energy storage reactor bed; (H) repeating steps (E) to (G) until the iron metal is converted to iron oxide and H.sub.2 gas; and (I) recovering the electrical energy produced.

摘要翻译： 一种将电能作为化学能储存并从储存的化学能中回收电能的装置和方法。 固体氧化物电解质电化学电池以两种模式操作。 第一种能量储存方式包括以下步骤：（A）将电能和蒸汽供应到作为电解池的600℃至1200℃之间的固体氧化物电解质电池，以产生H 2和O 2; （B）将所生成的H 2气体通入含有氧化铁的能量储存反应器中，以产生铁金属和蒸汽; （C）将在储能反应器中产生的蒸汽再循环到电解池的阴极; 和（D）重复步骤（A）至（C），直到氧化铁转化为铁金属为化学物质储存电能。 第二，能量回收模式包括以下步骤：（E）向含有铁金属的能量储存反应器供应蒸汽，以产生氧化铁和氢气; （F）将该H2气体传递到作为燃料电池工作的电化学电池的燃料阳极，并将O 2气体供给到电化学电池的空气阴极，以在燃料阳极处产生电能和蒸汽; （G）使所生产的蒸汽再循环到储能反应器床; （H）重复步骤（E）至（G），直到铁金属转化为氧化铁和氢气; 和（I）回收产生的电能。

公开(公告)号：US4702971A

公开(公告)日：1987-10-27

申请号：US867860

申请日：1986-05-28

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  C25B1/04 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B11/00 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  C25B11/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  H01M8/12

摘要： An electrochemical apparatus is made containing an exterior electrode bonded to the exterior of a tubular, solid, oxygen ion conducting electrolyte where the electrolyte is also in contact with an interior electrode, said exterior electrode comprising particles of an electronic conductor contacting the electrolyte, where a ceramic metal oxide coating partially surrounds the particles and is bonded to the electrolyte, and where a coating of an ionic-electronic conductive material is attached to the ceramic metal oxide coating and to the exposed portions of the particles.

摘要翻译： 制备的电化学装置包含结合到管状固体氧离子导电电解质外部的外部电极，其中电解质也与内部电极接触，所述外部电极包括与电解质接触的电子导体的颗粒，其中 陶瓷金属氧化物涂层部分地包围颗粒并且结合到电解质，并且其中离子电子导电材料的涂层附着到陶瓷金属氧化物涂层和颗粒的暴露部分。

公开(公告)号：US4609562A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-02

申请号：US684438

申请日：1984-12-20

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg ,  Gregory E. Zymboly

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg ,  Gregory E. Zymboly

IPC分类号： C23C16/44 ,  C04B41/50 ,  C23C16/40 ,  C23C16/455 ,  C23C16/52 ,  H01M8/12 ,  C23C16/22

CPC分类号： C23C16/455 ,  C04B41/5025 ,  C23C16/405 ,  C23C16/52 ,  H01M8/1253 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： Disclosed is an apparatus for forming a chemically vapor deposited coating on a porous substrate where oxygen from a first gaseous reactant containing a source of oxygen permeates through the pores of the substrate to react with a second gaseous reactant that is present on the other side of the substrate. The apparatus includes means for controlling the pressure and flow rate of each gaseous reactant, a manometer for measuring the difference in pressure between the gaseous reactants on each side of the substrate, and means for changing the difference in pressure between the gaseous reactants. Also disclosed is a method of detecting and closing cracks in the coating by reducing the pressure difference between the two gaseous reactants whenever the pressure difference falls suddenly after gradually rising, then again increasing the pressure difference on the two gases. The attack by the by-products of the reaction on the substrate are reduced by maintaining the flow rate of the first reactant through the pores of the substrate.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在多孔基材上形成化学气相沉积涂层的装置，其中来自含有氧源的第一气态反应物的氧气渗透通过基底的孔与第二气态反应物反应，第二气态反应物存在于 基质。 该装置包括用于控制每种气体反应物的压力和流速的装置，用于测量基板每侧的气态反应物之间的压力差的压力计和用于改变气态反应物之间的压力差的装置。 还公开了每当压差在逐渐升高之后突然下降时，通过减小两种气体反应物之间的压差来检测和闭合涂层中的裂纹，然后再次增加两种气体上的压力差的方法。 通过保持第一反应物通过基底的孔的流速来降低反应副产物对基材的侵蚀。

公开(公告)号：US4597170A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-01

申请号：US716865

申请日：1985-03-28

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： C23C16/40 ,  C25B11/06 ,  G01N27/409 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M6/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/1213 ,  H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/905 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T29/49108 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： Disclosed is a method of coating an electrode on a solid oxygen conductive oxide layer. A coating of particles of an electronic conductor is formed on one surface of the oxide layer and a source of oxygen is applied to the opposite surface of the oxide layer. A metal halide vapor is applied over the electronic conductor and the oxide layer is heated to a temperature sufficient to induce oxygen to diffuse through the oxide layer and react with the metal halide vapor. This results in the growing of a metal oxide coating on the particles of electronic conductor, thereby binding them to the oxide layer.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在固体氧传导性氧化物层上涂覆电极的方法。 在氧化物层的一个表面上形成电子导体的颗粒涂层，并且氧气源被施加到氧化物层的相对表面。 在电子导体上施加金属卤化物蒸汽，并将氧化物层加热到足以引起氧气扩散通过氧化物层并与金属卤化物蒸气反应的温度。 这导致在电子导体的颗粒上生长金属氧化物涂层，从而将它们结合到氧化物层上。

公开(公告)号：US4455214A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-19

申请号：US439249

申请日：1982-11-04

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/417 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/417

摘要： A thin film solid electrolyte cell structure for use as an oxygen sensor, a combustibles sensor and a gross-oxygen-gross-combustibles sensor. An electrode is sealed to a porous mechanical support member by a thin film solid electrolyte which also seals the support member. The sealed support member divides a sensor apparatus into two zones, one of which contains a reference gas, the other of which contains the gas to be measured.

摘要翻译： 用作氧传感器的薄膜固体电解质电池结构，可燃物传感器和总氧 - 总可燃物传感器。 电极通过也密封支撑构件的薄膜固体电解质密封到多孔机械支撑构件。 密封的支撑构件将传感器装置分成两个区域，其中一个区域包含参考气体，另一个区域包含待测气体。

公开(公告)号：US4285790A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-25

申请号：US132197

申请日：1980-03-20

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N27/56 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4073 ,  G01N27/4074 ,  G01N33/0014

摘要： A molten carbonate electrochemical cell operating at a temperature between 400.degree. and 700.degree. C. is used to remove O.sub.2 in combination with CO.sub.2 from an oxygen/combustibles gas mixture to provide a low temperature measurement of the oxygen content of the gas mixture.

摘要翻译： 在400至700℃的温度下运行的熔融碳酸盐电化学电池用于从氧/可燃物气体混合物中除去与CO 2结合的O 2，以提供气体混合物的氧含量的低温测量。

公开(公告)号：US06572996B1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-03

申请号：US09636247

申请日：2000-08-10

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg ,  Stephen E. Veyo ,  Srikanth Gopalan

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg ,  Stephen E. Veyo ,  Srikanth Gopalan

IPC分类号： H01M812

CPC分类号： H01M8/243 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/0625 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M8/247 ,  H01M8/2484

摘要： A fuel cell generator contains a plurality of fuel cells (6) in a generator chamber (1) and also contains a fuel reactor chamber (2) containing either fuel cells or electrolysis cells as the depleted fuel reactor means, which means preferably has copper fuel electrodes, where oxidant (24,25) and fuel (81) are fed to the generator chamber (1), where both fuel and oxidant react, and where all oxidant and fuel passages are separate and do not communicate with each other, so that fuel and oxidant in whatever form do not mix and where a depleted fuel exit (23) is provided for exiting a product gas which consists essentially of carbon dioxide and water for further treatment so that carbon dioxide can be separated and is not vented to the atmosphere.

摘要翻译： 燃料电池发生器在发电机室（1）中包含多个燃料电池（6），并且还包含含有燃料电池或电解电池作为耗尽燃料反应器装置的燃料反应器室（2），其优选地具有铜燃料 电极，其中氧化剂（24,25）和燃料（81）被供给到发电机室（1），其中燃料和氧化剂都反应，并且其中所有氧化剂和燃料通道是分离的并且不彼此连通，使得 燃料和氧化剂以任何形式不混合，并且耗尽的燃料出口（23）被提供用于离开基本上由二氧化碳和水组成的产物气体用于进一步处理，使得二氧化碳可以分离并且不排放到大气中 。

公开(公告)号：US5601937A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-11

申请号：US378298

申请日：1995-01-25

申请人： Arnold O. Isenberg

发明人： Arnold O. Isenberg

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/24 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/243 ,  H01M8/0606 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074

摘要： An apparatus for and a method of continuously supplying a conditioned fuel, such as CO and H.sub.2, to an electrochemical generator such as a high temperature solid oxide electrolyte, fuel cell generator (SOFC), for electrochemical reactions and continually regenerating a hydrocarbon reformation catalyst by providing at least two iron metal/iron oxide beds. At least one bed, a reformation bed, is mainly in the iron oxide (FeO) condition and incoming hydrocarbon feed fuel gas, such as natural gas, will be reformed or conditioned at a temperature of about 600.degree. C. to 800.degree. C. on the iron oxide to CO and H.sub.2 which represents the fuel to be fed to the fuel cells of the electrochemical generator, thereby reducing iron oxide to iron metal (Fe). While the FeO reformer bed is being reduced to Fe, the at least one other bed, an oxidation bed, which previously served as a reformer bed mainly in the iron metal condition (Fe) is oxidized at a temperature of about 600.degree. C. to 800.degree. C. to mainly FeO form with generator spent fuel gases, thereby oxidizing iron to iron oxide and also producing some additional conditioned fuel gas. The beds can be operated concurrently or sequentially, and when each bed becomes substantially exhausted, it is switched over in function to the other mode of operation.

摘要翻译： 将用于电化学反应的电化学发生器（例如高温固体氧化物电解质），燃料电池发生器（SOFC））连续地供给诸如CO和H 2的经调节的燃料的装置和方法，并通过以下步骤连续地再生烃改性催化剂 提供至少两个铁金属/氧化铁床。 至少一个床，一个改造床，主要是在氧化铁（FeO）条件下，并且进入的碳氢化合物进料燃料气体如天然气将在约600℃至800℃的温度下重整或调节。 在氧化铁至CO和H 2之间，代表供给电化学发生器的燃料电池的燃料，从而将铁氧化物还原成铁（Fe）。 当FeO重整床被还原为Fe时，至少另外一个床，一个主要在铁金属条件（Fe）中作为重整床的氧化床）在约600℃的温度下被氧化成 800℃，主要是FeO形式，具有发电机废燃料，从而将铁氧化成氧化铁并且还产生一些额外的调节燃料气体。 床可以同时或顺序地操作，并且当每个床基本上被耗尽时，其功能被切换到其他操作模式。