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    Multiply coated metallic clad fiber optical waveguide
    21.
    发明授权
    Multiply coated metallic clad fiber optical waveguide 失效
    多层涂层金属包层光纤光波导

    公开(公告)号：US4418984A

    公开(公告)日：1983-12-06

    申请号：US203762

    申请日：1980-11-03

    Applicant: Joseph A. Wysocki ,  George R. Blair ,  Michael R. Vince

    Inventor： Joseph A. Wysocki ,  George R. Blair ,  Michael R. Vince

    IPC: C03C25/42 ,  C03C20060101 ,  C03C25/10 ,  G02B20060101 ,  G02B6/44 ,  G02B1/10 ,  G02B5/14 ,  G02B5/172 ,  C03C25/04

    CPC classification number: G02B6/4402 ,  C03C25/107 ,  C03C25/108

    Abstract: There is disclosed a metallic clad glass fiber optical waveguide suitable for use as a high-strength optical transmission line, e.g., for high capacity communications systems and for sensors operating at high temperature. At least two metallic claddings or coatings are formed on the glass waveguide structure, which comprises a core and glass cladding, by coating the glass fiber with at least one of the metallic coatings as it emerges from the furnace with a metal or alloy. The first metal or alloy employed is one that is substantially chemically inert with respect to the material comprising the glass fiber at the deposition temperature during coating of the metal or alloy onto the glass fiber. The second metallic coating may be of the same composition as the first, in order to repair pinholes or to increase the thickness. Alternatively, the second metallic coating may be of a different composition than the first in order to provide the waveguide with mechanical properties that are different than either layer alone could provide. Specific electrical and magnetic properties may also be provided. The metallic coatings prevent chemical or mechanical damage to the glass surface. A plastic coating is optionally provided for additional protection of the metallic surface.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种适合用作高强度光传输线的金属包层玻璃纤维光波导，例如用于大容量通信系统和用于在高温下运行的传感器。 在玻璃波导结构上形成至少两个金属包层或涂层，玻璃波导结构包括芯和玻璃包层，当玻璃纤维与金属或合金从炉中出来时，用至少一个金属涂层涂覆玻璃纤维。 所用的第一种金属或合金是在将金属或合金涂覆在玻璃纤维上时在沉积温度下相对于包含玻璃纤维的材料基本上化学惰性的金属或合金。 第二金属涂层可以具有与第一金属涂层相同的组成，以便修复针孔或增加厚度。 或者，第二金属涂层可以具有与第一金属涂层不同的组成，以便为波导提供与单独的层不同的机械特性。 也可以提供特定的电磁特性。 金属涂层防止玻璃表面的化学或机械损伤。 任选地提供塑料涂层用于金属表面的额外保护。

    Chemically hardened spectacle crown glass
    22.
    发明授权
    Chemically hardened spectacle crown glass 失效
    化学硬化眼镜冠玻璃

    公开(公告)号：US3954487A

    公开(公告)日：1976-05-04

    申请号：US515000

    申请日：1974-10-15

    Applicant: Georg Gliemeroth ,  Lothar Meckel

    Inventor： Georg Gliemeroth ,  Lothar Meckel

    IPC: C03C3/093 ,  C03C20060101 ,  C03C3/108 ,  C03C21/00 ,  G02C1/00 ,  G02C7/00 ,  C03C3/04

    CPC classification number: C03C21/002 ,  C03C3/093 ,  Y10T428/315

    Abstract: A chemically hardened optical crown glass having a refractive index n.sub.d of 1.5225-1,5235, a thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range between 20.degree. and 300.degree. C. of 90 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.7 to 100 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.7 /.degree.C., a dispersion .gamma.d of 54-60, a softening temperature of 690.degree.-750.degree. C., and a transformation temperature of 480.degree.-550.degree. C., produced by melting, shaping and cooling a batch consisting essentially of the following composition in parts by weight based on 100 parts of total composition: SiO.sub.2, 50.5-61.0; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 7.0-17.5; B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2.0-6.1; Li.sub.2 O, 0-1.0; Na.sub.2 O, 12.0-15.0; K.sub.2 O, 2.5-3.5; CaO, 0-4.1; BaO, 0-0.3; ZnO, 5.0-10.0; PbO, 0-0.5; TiO.sub.2, 0.1-0.9; As.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-0.5; and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-1.0; and thereafter subjected to an ion exchange in which large alkali metal ions are diffused into the glass in exchange for smaller alkali metal ions at a temperature below the upper cooling temperature which corresponds to a viscosity of 10.sup.13 poises.

    Abstract translation: 折射率nd为1.5225-1,5235的化学硬化的光学冠状玻璃，在20℃和300℃之间的温度范围内的热膨胀系数为90×10 -7至100×10 -7 /℃，分散度γd为54-60，软化温度为690℃-750℃，转化温度为480℃-550℃，通过熔融，成形和冷却基本上由 基于100份总组合物的以下组分重量份：SiO 2，50.5-61.0; Al2O3，7.0-17.5; B2O3，2.0-6.1; Li2O，0-1.0; Na2O，12.0-15.0; K2O，2.5-3.5; CaO，0-4.1; BaO，0-0.3; ZnO，5.0-10.0; PbO，0-0.5; TiO2，0.1-0.9; As2O3，0-0.5; 和Sb2O3,0-1.0; 然后在低于对应于1013泊的粘度的上部冷却温度的温度下进行大量碱金属离子扩散到玻璃中以换取较小的碱金属离子的离子交换。

    Method of manufacturing sheet and float glass at high production rates
    29.
    发明授权
    Method of manufacturing sheet and float glass at high production rates 失效
    在高产率下制造板材和浮法玻璃的方法

    公开(公告)号：US3833388A

    公开(公告)日：1974-09-03

    申请号：US34751073

    申请日：1973-04-03

    Applicant: PPG INDUSTRIES INC

    Inventor： OHLBERG S ,  JONES J

    IPC: C03B18/02 ,  C03B20060101 ,  C03B15/08 ,  C03C20060101 ,  C03C1/00 ,  C03C1/02 ,  C03C3/04 ,  C03C3/087 ,  C09K8/62 ,  C09K8/88 ,  C03B1/00

    CPC classification number: C03B15/08 ,  C03C1/00 ,  C03C3/087 ,  Y02P40/57 ,  Y10T428/315

    Abstract: A method of increasing the rate of production (throughput) of flat glass, particularly sheet glass manufactured by the Pittsburgh -Process, and float glass manufactured by the Float Process is disclosed. -The method involves altering the standard commercial sheet glass formulations -of the Pittsburgh Process and of the Float Process to give a lower -SiO2 and CaO containing glass which has a higher Na2O content. The new -glass composition melts and fines at lower temperatures and is a surprisingly -more soluble composition for the batch sand which makes the glass composition -faster melting. The new glass requires less salt cake for melting and -fining than conventional sheet and float glass and also retains a higher -percentage of SO3 during melting and refining in the glass than either -conventional sheet and float glass. These factors significantly reduce -the pollution hazards associated with gaseous and particulate sulfur emissions. Further, since the glass is faster melting, it helps reduce -particulate emissions due to dusting. Further, the new glass has a lower -liquidus temperature, a wider working range, can be attenuated over a wider -temperature range, and is easier to cut. Flat glass articles of the -new composition can be both thermally and chemically tempered at faster -rates. These improved properties all contribute to high throughput conditions. Although the new glass can be made at higher production -rates, commercially desirable properties, such as chemical durability, -are as good as commercially available sheet and float glass.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种提高平板玻璃，特别是匹兹堡工艺制造的平板玻璃的生产率（生产量）的方法和由浮法生产的浮法玻璃。 }该方法涉及改变匹兹堡工艺和浮法工艺的标准市售玻璃制品，以得到较低Na 2 O含量的较低的含SiO2和CaO的玻璃。 新的}玻璃组合物在较低的温度下熔化和细粉，并且对于批料砂而言是令人惊奇的}更可溶的组合物，这使得玻璃组合物}更快地熔化。 与常规的片材和浮法玻璃相比，新玻璃需要比传统的片材和浮法玻璃更少的熔融和/或澄清的盐饼，并且在玻璃熔化和精炼过程中还保留了更高的比例的SO 3。 这些因素显着降低了与气体和颗粒物硫}排放相关的污染危害。 此外，由于玻璃熔化较快，因此有助于减少由于粉尘引起的颗粒物排放。 此外，新玻璃具有较低的液相线温度，更宽的工作范围可以在更宽的温度范围内衰减，并且更容易切割。 新的组合物的平板玻璃制品可以以更快的速率进行热和化学回火。 这些改进的性能都有助于高通量}条件。 虽然新玻璃可以以更高的生产率制造，但商业上期望的性能，例如化学耐久性，}与市售的片材和浮法玻璃一样好。

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