公开(公告)号：US4561947A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-31

申请号：US578698

申请日：1984-02-09

申请人： Reinhold Schulze

发明人： Reinhold Schulze

IPC分类号： B01D15/00 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C22B11/00 ,  C25C1/20 ,  C22B11/04

CPC分类号： C22B11/04 ,  C22B3/24 ,  C22B3/42 ,  Y02P10/234 ,  Y10S210/903

摘要： The present invention provides a process for the hydrometallurgical recovery of noble metals from materials containing them by treatment with thiourea in an aqueous, acidic medium in the presence of an oxidation agent, wherein the aqueous medium simultaneously contains an oxidation agent and a reduction agent.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种通过在氧化剂存在下在含水酸性介质中用硫脲处理的含有它们的材料进行湿法冶金回收贵金属的方法，其中水性介质同时含有氧化剂和还原剂。

公开(公告)号：US4410498A

公开(公告)日：1983-10-18

申请号：US312252

申请日：1981-10-16

申请人： William R. Hatch ,  Ronald R. Dunn

发明人： William R. Hatch ,  Ronald R. Dunn

IPC分类号： B01D11/00 ,  B01F1/00 ,  C01G53/10 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C22B23/00 ,  C22B23/04

CPC分类号： C22B23/043

摘要： Sulphuric acid leaching has been used in the treatment of lateritic ores for the recovery of nickel and cobalt therefrom. However, in order to obtain good extraction from these ores, prolonged treatment using acid of high strength and also using high pressures and recycling steps have been necessary. In the improved method of the invention nickel and cobalt is solubilized from high-magnesia nickeliferous serpentine ores by leaching the ore with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid while adding to the solution a reducing agent to maintain the redox potential of the solution at a value between 200 and 400 millivolts, measured against the saturated calomel electrode. This improved procedure increases the reactivity of the serpentine and results in maximum extraction of nickel consistent with minimum extraction of iron and magnesia and minimum acid consumption.

摘要翻译： 硫酸浸出已被用于处理红土矿石以从其中回收镍和钴。 然而，为了从这些矿石中获得良好的萃取，需要使用高强度的酸和使用高压和再循环步骤的长时间处理。 在本发明的改进方法中，镍和钴通过用硫酸水溶液浸出矿石从高氧化镁含镍蛇纹石矿石中溶解，同时向溶液中加入还原剂，以使溶液的氧化还原电位保持在 根据饱和甘汞电极测量200和400毫伏。 这种改进的方法提高了蛇纹石的反应性，并导致镍的最大提取，与铁和氧化镁的最小提取和最小的酸消耗量一致。

公开(公告)号：US4399109A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-16

申请号：US352537

申请日：1982-02-26

申请人： Ralph K. Iler ,  Paul B. Queneau ,  Mark W. Cooperrider

发明人： Ralph K. Iler ,  Paul B. Queneau ,  Mark W. Cooperrider

IPC分类号： C22B23/00 ,  C01G51/10 ,  C01G53/10 ,  C01G53/11 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C23F14/00

CPC分类号： C22B23/043 ,  Y02P10/212

摘要： A method is provided for inhibiting the formation of silica scale on flash-pot surfaces during the multi-stage flashing of sulfuric acid pressure-leach slurry obtained following the continuous autoclave leaching of nickel lateritic ore at elevated temperature and pressure during which silica is dissolved, wherein the leach slurry is subjected to a high-temperature flash stage such that the slurry at the flash temperature is supersaturated in soluble silica, and wherein the slurry is thereafter subjected to at least one additional flash at an intermediate-temperature flash stage at which silica precipitates and tends to form a scale accompanied by a decrease in said supersaturation. The improvement resides in recycling a substantial portion of the slurry to the intermediate-temperature stage following flashing to the intermediate-temperature flash stage, the portion recycled being sufficient to effect a dilution in silica concentration of the slurry being flashed into the intermediate-temperature flash stage from the high-temperature stage, and continuing the recycling of flashed slurry to the intermediate-temperature flash stage, whereby silica scale formation at the intermediate-temperature flash stage is greatly inhibited. The pH of the recycling stream may be adjusted to further minimize silica deposition.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法，用于在高温和高压下二氧化硅溶解的镍红土矿石的连续高压釜浸出之后获得的硫酸压力浸出浆液的多级闪蒸期间，抑制闪蒸罐表面上二氧化硅垢的形成， 其中浸出浆料经受高温闪蒸阶段，使得闪蒸温度下的浆料在可溶性二氧化硅中过饱和，然后在中间温度闪蒸阶段将浆料经历至少一次另外的闪蒸，其中二氧化硅 沉淀并趋于形成伴随着所述过饱和度降低的氧化皮。 改进之处在于将大部分浆料循环回到中间温度闪蒸阶段之后的中间温度阶段，再循环的部分足以使浆料的二氧化硅浓度稀释到闪蒸到中间温度闪蒸 从高温阶段开始，持续将闪蒸浆料回收到中温闪蒸阶段，从而大大抑制了中温闪蒸阶段的二氧化硅垢形成。 可以调节再循环流的pH以进一步最小化二氧化硅沉积。

公开(公告)号：US4070260A

公开(公告)日：1978-01-24

申请号：US656966

申请日：1976-02-10

申请人： Noel Dreulle

发明人： Noel Dreulle

IPC分类号： C22B19/20 ,  C01B33/12 ,  C01G9/06 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C22B3/04 ,  C22B19/00 ,  C22C3/00 ,  C25C1/16 ,  C25C1/20

CPC分类号： C22B19/22 ,  Y02P10/234

摘要： A process of leaching silicated zinc ores with sulfuric acid in which the ore is reacted at elevated temperature with at least a stoichiometric amount of sulfuric acid, treating products of the reaction with a predetermined quantity of hot water, filtering the zinc sulfate solution from precipitated silica, washing with a further predetermined quantity of hot water (the total amount of hot water used being determined so as to obtain the desired concentration of zinc in solution). The zinc is later recovered electrolytically. A 1 to 6N sulfuric acid solution may be used in which case a gelatinous mass is formed upon reaction and then it is evaporated at 100.degree. C of at least 60% of its water content. Alternatively the ore can be malaxated with about 20% stoichiometric excess concentrated sulfuric acid, and filtered at out at elevated temperature.

摘要翻译： 用硫酸浸提硅酸锌矿石的过程，其中矿石在升高的温度下与至少化学计量的硫酸反应，用预定量的热水处理反应产物，从沉淀二氧化硅中过滤硫酸锌溶液 用进一步预定量的热水洗涤（确定所用热水的总量，以获得溶液中所需的锌浓度）。 锌后来电解回收。 可以使用1至6N的硫酸溶液，在这种情况下，反应时形成凝胶状物质，然后在100℃下蒸发至少60％的水含量。 或者，矿石可以用约20％化学计量过量的浓硫酸进行二次混合，并在高温下过滤。

公开(公告)号：US3804613A

公开(公告)日：1974-04-16

申请号：US18104571

申请日：1971-09-16

申请人： AMERICAN METAL CLIMAX INC

发明人： TAYLOR M ,  ZUNDEL W ,  LANE J

IPC分类号： C22B23/00 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C22B23/04

CPC分类号： C22B23/043

摘要： Magnesium-containing oxidic nickel ore is conditioned in a closed circuit leaching process in preparation for leaching at high pressure and temperature by preleaching the ore with the final leach liquor obtained during the subsequent high pressure leaching of the conditioned ore, the leach liquor having hydrolyzable acid-consuming constituents dissolved therein which hydrolyze out of the solution during the preleach to generate additional free acid to solubilize the magnesium in the ore during the conditioning step.

摘要翻译： 含镁氧化镍矿石在封闭循环浸出过程中进行调节，以准备在高压和高温下浸出，通过在随后的调节矿石的高压浸出中获得的最终浸出液浸出矿石，浸出液具有可水解酸 溶解在其中的消耗成分在预漂洗期间从溶液中水解出来，以产生额外的游离酸，以在调理步骤中将镁溶解在矿石中。

公开(公告)号：US3720749A

公开(公告)日：1973-03-13

申请号：US3720749D

申请日：1970-08-26

申请人： AMERICAN METAL CLIMAX INC

发明人： TAYLOR M ,  RONZIO N

IPC分类号： C01G51/04 ,  C01G53/04 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C22B23/00

CPC分类号： C22B23/0415 ,  Y10S423/01 ,  Y10S423/02

摘要： Nickel and cobalt are recovered from acid leach liquor containing such impurities as iron and aluminum obtained from the acid leaching of nickeliferous materials (such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid leach liquor), e.g. low-grade nickeliferous oxidic materials by adjusting the leach liquor, in the case of a sulfuric acid leach, to a pH range of about 0.5 to 4, or, more advantageously, to about 0.6 to 1.5, or in the case of a nitric acid leach to a pH of about 0.15 to 2.5, at an elevated temperature in excess of 130*C at a pressure ranging from about 225 psig to 1000 psig to precipitate major amounts of the iron and aluminum, which precipitate is then separated from the leach liquor. Thereafter, the nickel and cobalt are separated from the treated leach liquor.

摘要翻译： 从含有含铁材料（如硫酸或硝酸浸出液）的酸浸提取的铁和铝等杂质的酸浸液中回收镍和钴，例如硫酸或硝酸浸出液。 在硫酸浸出的情况下，通过将浸出液调节至约0.5至4，或更优选至约0.6至1.5的pH范围，或者在硝酸的情况下，通过调节低级含镍氧化物质 在约225psig至1000psig的压力下在高于130℃的高温下浸出至约0.15至2.5的pH，以沉淀出大量的铁和铝，然后将沉淀物与浸出液 。 此后，镍和钴与处理的浸出液分离。

公开(公告)号：US3661749A

公开(公告)日：1972-05-09

申请号：US3661749D

申请日：1969-01-27

申请人： METALLURGIE HOBOKEN ,  RST INT METALS LTD ,  RICHARDSON FREDERICK DENYS

发明人： RICHARDSON FREDERICK DENYS

IPC分类号： G01N33/20 ,  C21B20060101 ,  C21C20060101 ,  C21D20060101 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22C20060101 ,  E04B20060101 ,  E04D20060101 ,  G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/411

CPC分类号： G01N27/4118

摘要： Apparatus for the continuous measurement of oxygen contained in a molten metal which comprises A. A SOLID OXYGEN ELECTROLYTE TUBE; B. A REFERENCE ELECTRODE HAVING KNOWN OXYGEN POTENTIAL IN CONTACT WITH THE INNER SURFACE OF THE TUBE; C. MEANS FOR MEASURING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL PRESENT BETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER SURFACES OF THE TUBE; AND D. INSULATING MEANS TO PROTECT THE SOLID OXYGEN ELECTROLYTE TUBE AGAINST CHEMICAL ATTACKS, THERMAL SHOCKS AND MECHANICAL STRESS DUE TO THE CONTACT WITH THE LIQUID MOLTEN METAL. The insulating means is a tube made of a metal containing substance having a high resistance to mechanical stress, to thermal shocks, to chemical attack, to splashing of the metal which is to be tested and to the slag of the metal which is to be tested. In addition the insulating means closely surrounds the solid oxygen electrolyte tube and is open at the bottom so that the outer surface of the tube can be directly contacted with the molten metal which is to be tested.

摘要翻译： 用于连续测量包含在熔融金属中的氧的装置，其包括A.固体氧化物电解质管; B.具有与管内表面接触的已知氧气潜在的参考电极; C.测量管内外表面电化学势的手段; 和D.用于保护固体氧化物电解质的化学手段，以防止化学侵蚀，热冲击和与液体金属接触的机械应力。

公开(公告)号：US3650688A

公开(公告)日：1972-03-21

申请号：US3650688D

申请日：1969-10-17

申请人： METALIMPEX ACEL ES FEMKULKERES ,  FEMIPARI KUTATO INTEZET

发明人： FEKETE LASZLO ,  PATARICZA IMRE ,  BODI DEZSO ,  GYURICZA JOZSEF ,  MISKEI MIHALY ,  ORSZAG FERENC

IPC分类号： C01B7/00 ,  C01G51/00 ,  C01G53/00 ,  C01G53/08 ,  C01G53/09 ,  C01G53/10 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C22B23/00 ,  C01B7/08

CPC分类号： C22B23/0415

摘要： Nickel can be separated from metals forming chlorocomplex anions, such as cobalt, by dissolving a nickel concentrate in hydrochloric acid, boiling down the nickel chloride solution to a nickel content of not more than 240 grams per liter, increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid to 7 to 9 moles/liter by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the solution in an amount equivalent to the nickel present, thereby forming a nickel sulfate salt, adsorbing the metallic contaminations on an anion exchange resin, and isolating hydrated nickel sulfate and hydrochloric acid from the effluent from the resin.

摘要翻译： 镍可以通过将镍浓缩物溶解在盐酸中，将氯化镍溶液沸腾至不超过240克/升的镍含量，将盐酸的浓度增加至7，从而形成氯复合阴离子如钴的金属 通过向溶液中加入等量于存在的镍的浓硫酸至9摩尔/升，从而形成硫酸镍盐，将金属污染物吸附在阴离子交换树脂上，并从流出物中分离出水合硫酸镍和盐酸 从树脂。

公开(公告)号：US3625026A

公开(公告)日：1971-12-07

申请号：US3625026D

申请日：1970-04-16

申请人： PILKINGTON BROTHERS LTD

发明人： COCKER ALAN JOSEPH

IPC分类号： C03B18/18 ,  C03B18/00 ,  C03B18/02 ,  C07B20060101 ,  C22B20060101 ,  C25C3/00 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/411 ,  G01N33/20

CPC分类号： G01N27/411

摘要： THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONTENT OF A MOLTEN METAL, E.G. MOLTEN TIN OR TIN ALLOY, IS TESTED AND/OR CONTROLLED BY MEANS OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL INCLUDING A WALL OF A REFRACTORY OXIDE ELECTROLYTE HAVING A SUBSTANTIAL OXYGEN ION CONDUCTIVITY ONE FACE OF WHICH IS IN CONTACT WITH THE MOLTEN METAL AND THE OTHER FACE OF WHICH IS ENGAGED BY AN ELECTRODE. THE CELL E.M.F. INDICATES THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE METAL WHICH IS CONTROLLED BY PASSAGE OF CONTROLLED CURRENT THROUGH THE CELL.

公开(公告)号：US20050084940A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10756240

申请日：2004-01-13

申请人： Kevin Anderson ,  J. Douglas Wenzel

发明人： Kevin Anderson ,  J. Douglas Wenzel

IPC分类号： C12P7/44 ,  C12P7/46 ,  C12P7/64 ,  C22B20060101

CPC分类号： C12P7/6409 ,  C12P7/44 ,  C12P7/46

摘要： Biooxidation reactions can be controlled by a method which comprises the steps of: (1) independently adding a substrate and a co-substrate at predetermined rates to a bioxidation reaction mixture comprised of a biocatalyst; (2) measuring the oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide evolution rate from the reaction mixture; (3) determining the instantaneous rates of substrate and cosubstrate consumption by solving simultaneous equations relating carbon dioxide evolution rate and oxygen consumption rate to the substrate oxidation stoichiometry, the cosubstrate combustion stoichiometry, and optionally the biomass formation stoichiometry; (4) simultaneously adjusting the substrate and cosubstrate addition rates to the rates of substrate oxidation and cosubstrate consumption in order to maximize the rate of product formation while simultaneously minimizing the rate of cosubstrate usage. The method provides a rapid means of controlling fed-batch biooxidation reactions which can employ in-line techniques and is broadly applicable for diverse oxidation reactions.

摘要翻译： 生物氧化反应可以通过一种方法来控制，该方法包括以下步骤：（1）以包含生物催化剂的生物氧化反应混合物以预定速率独立地加入底物和共底物; （2）从反应混合物中测量氧气消耗速率和二氧化碳释放速率; （3）通过求解将二氧化碳进化速率和氧耗率与二氧化碳排放速率和氧消耗速率相关的联立方程与底物氧化化学计量法，同位素燃烧化学计量法和任选的生物质形成化学计量法来确定底物和辅助消耗的瞬时速率; （4）同时调整衬底并将衬底加入速率与底物氧化和辅助消耗的速率进行调和，以最大限度地提高产物形成速率，同时最大限度地降低衬底使用率。 该方法提供了控制补料分批生物氧化反应的快速方法，其可以使用在线技术并且广泛适用于多种氧化反应。