公开(公告)号：US20180204702A1

公开(公告)日：2018-07-19

申请号：US15921225

申请日：2018-03-14

Applicant: Arizona Board of Regents on Behalf of Arizona State University

Inventor： Franz A. M. Koeck ,  Robert J. Nemanich

IPC: H01J19/30 ,  C30B29/04 ,  C30B25/16 ,  C30B25/18 ,  C30B25/20 ,  H01J9/04 ,  H01J9/14 ,  H01J19/06 ,  H01J45/00

CPC classification number: H01J19/30 ,  C30B25/16 ,  C30B25/186 ,  C30B25/20 ,  C30B29/04 ,  H01J9/04 ,  H01J9/14 ,  H01J19/06 ,  H01J45/00

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter electrode including a phosphorus doped diamond layer with low work function. The apparatus further includes a collector electrode and a vacuum gap disposed between the emitter and the collector. The collector has a work function of 0.84 eV or less.

公开(公告)号：US20150206725A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-23

申请号：US14420884

申请日：2013-08-13

Applicant: Massimo Adriani

Inventor： Massimo Adriani

IPC: H01J45/00

CPC classification number: H01J45/00

Abstract: Thermionic converter with a linear arrangement of the components, suitable for the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy and the combined generation of heat and energy, including an elongated vacuum tube which houses a cathode and at least one anode, the cathode and the at least one anode being arranged longitudinally alongside each other along the vacuum tube, wherein the cathode is suspended centrally inside the vacuum tube at at least one end which forms a corresponding current output of the cathode, wherein the cathode is a cathode in the form of a spiral.

Abstract translation: 具有线性排列组件的热电转换器，适用于将太阳能直接转换成电能，并结合产生热能和能量，包括一个细长的真空管，其容纳阴极和至少一个阳极，阴极和 至少一个阳极沿着真空管沿着彼此纵向布置，其中阴极在形成阴极的相应电流输出的至少一端处悬浮在真空管的中心内，其中阴极是阴极的形式 螺旋。

公开(公告)号：US08970088B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-03

申请号：US12964145

申请日：2010-12-09

Applicant: Yuji Kimura ,  Susumu Sobue ,  Mitsuhiro Kataoka ,  Eiichi Okuno ,  Shoichi Kawai

Inventor： Yuji Kimura ,  Susumu Sobue ,  Mitsuhiro Kataoka ,  Eiichi Okuno ,  Shoichi Kawai

IPC: H02N10/00 ,  H01J45/00

CPC classification number: H01J45/00

Abstract: A thermionic converter for converting thermal energy to electrical energy includes an emitter and a collector. The emitter emits thermionic electrons upon receipt of heat from a heat source. The emitter is made of a first semiconductor material to which a first semiconductor impurity is doped with a first concentration. The collector is spaced and opposite to the emitter to receive the thermionic electrons emitted from the emitter so that the thermal energy is converted to electrical energy. The collector is made of a second semiconductor material to which a second semiconductor impurity is doped with a second concentration less than the first concentration.

Abstract translation: 用于将热能转换为电能的热离子转换器包括发射极和集电极。 当从热源接收到热量时，发射器发射热离子电子。 发射极由第一半导体材料制成，第一半导体杂质掺杂有第一浓度。 收集器与发射器间隔开并相对，以接收从发射极发射的热离子电子，从而将热能转换成电能。 集电体由第二半导体材料制成，第二半导体杂质掺杂有第二浓度小于第一浓度的第二浓度。

公开(公告)号：US08581469B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-12

申请号：US13242639

申请日：2011-09-23

Applicant: Toomas Kriisa

Inventor： Toomas Kriisa

IPC: H02N10/00 ,  H01J45/00 ,  H02N3/00

CPC classification number: H01L35/02 ,  H01J45/00 ,  H01L35/00 ,  H01L35/34 ,  H02N3/00

Abstract: A current source and method of producing the current source are provided. The current source includes a metal source, a buffer layer, a filter and a collector. An electrical connection is provided to the metal layer and semiconductor layer and a magnetic field applier may be also provided. The source metal has localized states at a bottom of the conduction band and probability amplification. The interaction of the various layers produces a spontaneous current. The movement of charge across the current source produces a voltage, which rises until a balancing reverse current appears. If a load is connected to the current source, current flows through the load and power is dissipated. The energy for this comes from the thermal energy in the current source, and the device gets cooler.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种电流源和产生电流源的方法。 电流源包括金属源，缓冲层，过滤器和集电器。 向金属层和半导体层提供电连接，并且还可以提供磁场施加器。 源极金属具有导带底部的局部化状态和概率放大。 各层的相互作用产生自发电流。 跨过电流源的电荷的运动产生电压，其升高直到出现平衡反向电流。 如果负载连接到电流源，则电流流过负载并且功率消耗。 这些能源来自电流源的热能，器件变冷。

公开(公告)号：US07948215B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-24

申请号：US12081532

申请日：2008-04-17

Applicant: Gregory M. Quist ,  David A. Drake

Inventor： Gregory M. Quist ,  David A. Drake

IPC: H01J45/00 ,  H02K44/08 ,  H02N11/00 ,  H02P3/00 ,  H02P9/06 ,  H02P15/00 ,  H02P9/00 ,  F02B63/04 ,  H02K7/18

CPC classification number: H02N2/181 ,  F03D9/11 ,  F03D9/25 ,  F03D9/30 ,  F05B2250/82 ,  Y02E10/72

Abstract: An apparatus for generating power in an enclosure includes a power generation device configured to operate in the environmental conditions of the enclosure, a first power storage device connected to the power generation device and configured to store power generated by the power generation device, a power converter connected to the power storage device and configured to output power at a voltage different than that output by the power storage device, and a second power storage device connected directly or indirectly to the power converter and configured to store power output by the power converter. The second power storage device may then provide power for at least one component of an environmental monitoring system.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在外壳中产生电力的装置，包括：发电装置，被配置为在外壳的环境条件下工作;连接到发电装置的第一蓄电装置，用于存储由发电装置产生的电力;功率转换器 连接到蓄电装置，并且被配置为以与由蓄电装置输出的电压不同的电压输出电力;以及第二蓄电装置，其直接或间接连接到电力转换器，并且被配置为存储由电力转换器输出的电力。 然后，第二蓄电装置可以为环境监测系统的至少一个部件提供电力。

公开(公告)号：US20100019619A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-28

申请号：US12515797

申请日：2007-11-21

Applicant: Franklin Hagg

Inventor： Franklin Hagg

IPC: H01J45/00 ,  H02N2/04 ,  H01L35/02

CPC classification number: H01J45/00

Abstract: A high-output energy converter of an output-improving thermionic generator, thermally connected to other generators without moving parts that utilise the residual energy from the thermionic generator. The thermionic generator comprises a rαultilayered vacuum diode, the layers of which are very thin and the gaps between the layers are also thin and kept at a distance from one another by selectively flexible spacer elements. Piezo elements or heating elements can precisely adjust the height of the gaps.

Abstract translation: 输出改进型热电子发生器的高输出能量转换器，热连接到其他发电机而不移动部件，其利用来自热电偶发生器的剩余能量。 热电子发生器包括一个镭射层真空二极管，它们的层非常薄，并且层之间的间隙也很薄并且通过选择性地柔性间隔元件彼此保持一定距离。 压电元件或加热元件可以精确调节间隙的高度。

公开(公告)号：US20050184603A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-25

申请号：US11094114

申请日：2005-03-29

Applicant: Artemi Martsinovsky

Inventor： Artemi Martsinovsky

IPC: H01J45/00 ,  H02K37/00 ,  H01L21/20 ,  H02P8/00

CPC classification number: H01J45/00

Abstract: A thermotunneling converter is disclosed comprising a pair of electrodes having inner surfaces substantially facing one another, and a spacer or plurality of spacers positioned between the two electrodes, having a height substantially equal to the distance between the electrodes, and having a total cross-sectional area that is less than the cross-sectional area of either of the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, a vacuum is introduced, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, gold that has been exposed to cesium vapor is used as one or both of the electrodes. In a further embodiment, the spacer is made of small particles disposed between the electrodes. In a yet further embodiment, a sandwich is made containing the electrodes with an unoxidized spacer. The sandwich is separated and the spacer is oxidized, which makes it grow to a required height whilst giving it insulatory properties, to allow for tunneling between the electrodes.

公开(公告)号：US20050104512A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-19

申请号：US10507273

申请日：2003-03-06

Applicant: Avto Tavkhelidze ,  Zaza Taliashvili

Inventor： Avto Tavkhelidze ,  Zaza Taliashvili

IPC: H01J1/62 ,  H01J9/04 ,  H01J17/30 ,  H01J45/00 ,  H01J63/04 ,  H01L23/04

CPC classification number: H01L23/04 ,  H01J45/00 ,  H01L23/051 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a Gap Diode is disclosed in which a tubular actuating element serves as both a housing for a pair of electrodes (92) and as a means for controlling the separation between the electrode pair. In a preferred embodiment, the tubular actuating element (90) is a quartz piezoelectric tube. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a Gap Diode is disclosed which is fabricated by micromachining techniques in which the separation of the electrodes (202, 206) is controlled by piezo-electric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive actuators. Preferred embodiments of Gap Diodes include Cool Chips, Power Chips, and photoelectric converters.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的一个实施例，公开了间隙二极管，其中管状致动元件既用作一对电极（92）的外壳，也用作控制电极对之间的间隔的装置。 在优选实施例中，管状致动元件（90）是石英压电管。 根据本发明的另一实施例，公开了间隙二极管，其通过微加工技术制造，其中电极（202,206）的分离由压电，电致伸缩或磁致伸缩致动器控制。 间隙二极管的优选实施例包括酷芯片，功率芯片和光电转换器。

公开(公告)号：US20050104185A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-19

申请号：US10984979

申请日：2004-11-10

Applicant: Kenji Shimogishi ,  Yoshihiko Matsuo ,  Yoichi Tsuda

Inventor： Kenji Shimogishi ,  Yoshihiko Matsuo ,  Yoichi Tsuda

IPC: F25B21/00 ,  F25B30/00 ,  H01J45/00 ,  H01L35/32 ,  H01L23/02 ,  H01L21/48

CPC classification number: H01J45/00 ,  F25B21/00 ,  F25B2321/003 ,  F25D2331/805 ,  F25D2331/809 ,  H01L35/32 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  Y02B30/66 ,  Y10S438/979 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: An electronic heat pump device has an emitter and a collector, stems supporting these components, a spacing retention member for keeping a spacing between the stems constant, and a sealing member for maintaining a vacuum between the stems. The emitter has a first semiconductor substrate and an emitter electrode, while the collector has a second semiconductor substrate and a collector electrode. The emitter electrode and the collector electrode are disposed so as to be opposed to each other with a space interposed therebetween. At least one of the first and second semiconductor substrates is integrally formed with electrically and thermally insulative spacers that keep the space between the emitter electrode and the collector electrode constant.

Abstract translation: 电子热泵装置具有发射器和收集器，支撑这些部件的杆，用于保持杆之间的间隔恒定的间隔保持构件和用于保持杆之间的真空的密封构件。 发射极具有第一半导体衬底和发射极，而集电极具有第二半导体衬底和集电极。 发射电极和集电极配置成彼此相对，间隔开。 第一和第二半导体衬底中的至少一个半导体衬底一体地形成有保持发射电极和集电极之间的空间恒定的电绝缘和隔热隔离物。

公开(公告)号：US06876123B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-05

申请号：US10232436

申请日：2002-08-28

Applicant: Artemy Martinovsky ,  Avto Tavkhelidze ,  Isaiah Watas Cox

Inventor： Artemy Martinovsky ,  Avto Tavkhelidze ,  Isaiah Watas Cox

IPC: H01J45/00 ,  H02N3/00

CPC classification number: H01J45/00

Abstract: A thermotunneling converter is disclosed comprising a pair of electrodes having inner surfaces substantially facing one another, and a spacer or plurality of spacers positioned between the two electrodes, having a height substantially equal to the distance between the electrodes, and having a total cross-sectional area that is less than the cross-sectional area of either of the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, a vacuum is introduced, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, gold that has been exposed to cesium vapor is used as one or both of the electrodes. In a further embodiment, the spacer is made of small particles disposed between the electrodes. In a yet further embodiment, a sandwich is made containing the electrodes with an unoxidized spacer. The sandwich is separated and the spacer is oxidized, which makes it grow to a required height whilst giving it insulatory properties, to allow for tunneling between the electrodes.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种热电转换转换器，其包括一对电极，其具有基本上彼此相对的内表面，以及位于两个电极之间的间隔件或多个间隔件，其高度基本上等于电极之间的距离，并且具有总横截面 面积小于任一电极的横截面面积。 在优选的实施方案中，引入真空，并且在特别优选的实施方案中，已经暴露于铯蒸气的金被用作一个或两个电极。 在另一实施例中，间隔件由设置在电极之间的小颗粒制成。 在另一个实施方案中，制成了包含具有未氧化间隔物的电极的夹心物。 三明治被分离并且间隔物被氧化，这使得其生长到所需的高度，同时赋予其绝缘性能，以允许电极之间的隧穿。