摘要:
In order to resolve problems of an increase in cost of transportation and vessels for polishing solutions to polish metal films, and of aging change of the polishing solutions, apparatus for preparing and mixing solutions of polishing materials without including abrasive are installed at a site the same as a site of polishing apparatus, an abrasive free slurry is supplied to the polishing apparatus and a metal film on a wiring substrate is polished to thereby form embedded metal wirings by which the cost of polishing metal can significantly be reduced and stability of the polishing solution is promoted.
摘要:
A vehicle includes a first actuating system having an automatic steering actuator to bring the front wheel steer angle to a calculated target front wheel steer angle for lane keeping, and a second actuating system such as a front and rear roll stiffness distribution control system, a front and rear driving force distribution control system, a rear wheel steering system, and a differential limiting force control system. By controlling the second actuating system in accordance with the automatic steering operation, a control unit adjusts the steering characteristic of the vehicle in a direction to improve the yawing response or in a direction to improve the running stability.
摘要:
A road surface friction coefficient estimating apparatus is provided for estimating a road surface friction coefficient of a vehicle that is traveling at a steady state. The road surface friction coefficient estimating apparatus basically has a driving/braking force controller, a driving force controller, a braking force controller (brake fluid pressure controller), a plurality of wheel velocity sensors, a wheel load sensor and a control unit. The driving/braking force controller sets a pre-selected force to be generated and calculates the road surface friction coefficient. The driving force controller generates a driving force in accordance with the pre-selected force. The braking force controller generates a braking force in accordance with the pre-selected force. The wheel velocity sensors produce a wheel velocity signal indicative of a wheel velocity. The wheel load detecting sensor produces a wheel load signal indicative of a wheel load. The control unit which is part of driving/braking force controller calculates a road surface friction coefficient based on the wheel load, the wheel velocity, and the braking and driving forces. The braking force is configured to cancel the driving force.
摘要:
A first air bag comprises an upper cloth and a lower cloth, the peripheries of the both cloths being connected, characterized in that the upper cloth consists of an airtight sheet obtained by weaving a composite fiber composed of a filament core and a thermoplastic polymer bonded thereto-which has a melting point lower than that of said filament core, and then fusing said thermoplastic polymer so that the surface of said upper cloth has a continuous thermoplastic polymer layer. A second air bag consists of a membranous material having a breaking extension of 100% or more. A third air bag comprises an elastomer body and a shape-retaining member partially attached to the elastomer body, said member being composed of elastic fibers or threads and high-modulus fibers.
摘要:
A wheel suspension arrangement for a wheel carrier including a suspension spring and a hydraulic actuator has a valve controlling the actuator. A stroke sensor detects the position of the wheel carrier relative to the vehicle body, and an acceleration sensor detects the vertical component of acceleration of the vehicle body adjacent the wheel and provide signals to a controller, which derives force components acting on the vehicle body by the suspension spring and actuator, respectively. The controller derives a modified combined force acting on the body out of the force components and determines a force counterbalancing the modified combined force, and controls the valve to cause the actuiator to vary the force acting between the associated wheel carrier and the vehicle body by the force counterbalancing the modified combined force.
摘要:
A magnetic head for writing and/or reading out data into and/or from a magnetic tape has surfaces defining a reference plane for determining a position of an edge of a traveling magnetic tape and defining an inclined plane for urging the magnetic tape to the reference plane, and a tape travel surface defined between the reference and inclined planes. A recess is formed at a portion of the tape travel surface extending along at least one edge of the magnetic tape.
摘要:
An apparatus for estimating vibration input to be transferred from a road surface to a suspension device of a vehicle. The apparatus converts stroke displacement values (S.sub.FL, S.sub.FR) detected by stroke sensor (27FL, 27FR) arranged on locations near the front wheels into stroke speed values (S.sub.VFL, S.sub.VFR) by differentiating circuits (41a, 41b) including a high-pass filer whose cutoff frequency (f.sub.HC) is set at substantially twice the spring-bottom resonance frequency (20 Hz, for example). The apparatus further converts body work vertical acceleration values (Z.sub.GFL, Z.sub.GFR) detected by vertical acceleration sensors (28FL, 28FR) arranged on locations near the front wheels into spring-top speed values (Z.sub.VFL, Z.sub.VFR) by integrating circuits (41c, 41d) including a low-pass filter whose cutoff frequency (f.sub.LC) is set at nearly one sixth of the spring-top resonance frequency (0.2 Hz, for example). The apparatus adds these speed values to each other by adders (41e, 41f) to provide differential values (x.sub.OFL ', x.sub.OFR ' ) of the spring-bottom displacement values obtained by accurately estimating the vibration input from a road surface by cancelling the spring-top speeds with each other.
摘要:
A substrate for presensitized plates for use in making lithographic printing plates which comprises an alumium plate provided thereon with a porous anodized film, the degree of sealing of the anodized film being not less than 25%. The substrate can impart various excellent properties to the lithographic printing plate as a final product. That is, the plate sparingly causes contamination of the non-image portions thereof; has high resistance to scratching; and is excellent in wear resistance, recovery from contamination with ink and printing durability due to improvement in the properties of the anodized film.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of pattern fabrication by radiation-induced graft copolymerization which enables not only the fabrication of a very fine resist pattern in a very small exposure dosage but also excellent etching fabrication by utilizing the current dry etching process through the pattern fabrication by making use of a resist capable of causing radiation-induced graft copolymerization and having excellent dry etching resistance, i.e., a poly(methacrylate) having a phenyl group, polystyrene, or its derivative.
摘要:
A process of X-Y lithography including providing a linearly polarized X-ray, and irradiating a resist on a substrate through a mask with the linearly polarized X-ray to form a pattern shape which is utilized for production of, for example, a semiconductor device or magnetic bubble memory device.