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公开(公告)号：US20110168569A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-14
申请号：US12840508
申请日：2010-07-21
IPC分类号： C25B3/10
CPC分类号： C10G3/40 , C10G3/45 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2400/04 , C12P7/54 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/10 , C25B9/08 , Y02E50/343 , Y02P30/20
摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.
摘要翻译： 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸，羧酸的酯，羧酸的甘油三酸酯，或羧酸的金属盐，或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜）。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料，生成的烃可以是例如饱和的，不饱和的，支链的或非支链的。
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公开(公告)号：US20110024288A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-03
申请号：US12840401
申请日：2010-07-21
IPC分类号： C25B9/00
CPC分类号： C25B9/08 , C10G3/00 , C10G2300/1011 , C10G2300/44 , C25B3/10 , Y02P30/20
摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.
摘要翻译： 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸，羧酸的酯，羧酸的甘油三酸酯，或羧酸的金属盐，或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜）。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料，生成的烃可以是例如饱和的，不饱和的，支链的或非支链的。
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33.发明申请Apparatus and Method for Delivering Beneficial Agents to Subterranean Locations 失效用于向地下位置提供有益代理的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US20090255451A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-15
申请号：US12100982
申请日：2008-04-10
申请人： Truman Wold , Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
发明人： Truman Wold , Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
IPC分类号： A01C23/02
CPC分类号： A01G27/006 , A01G29/00
摘要： An apparatus for delivering a beneficial agent to a subterranean location is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a water collection chamber having a substantially open end. A water-transporting membrane is provided to communicate with the water collection chamber. An extraction chamber receives water through the water-transporting membrane, expanding the extraction chamber. A dispensing chamber, containing a beneficial agent such as fertilizer, is configured to contract upon expanding the extraction chamber. This causes the dispensing chamber to expel the beneficial agent through a subterranean delivery channel, such as a rigid hollow spike. In certain embodiments, a rate adjustment mechanism may control the rate that water is received through the water-transporting membrane, thereby controlling the rate the beneficial agent is expelled from the subterranean delivery channel.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的一个实施例中公开了一种用于将有益剂递送到地下位置的装置，包括具有基本开口端的水收集室。 提供水输送膜以与收集室连通。 提取室通过水输送膜接收水，使提取室膨胀。 包含有益剂例如肥料的分配室被构造成在膨胀提取室时收缩。 这使得分配室通过地下输送通道（例如刚性中空尖峰）排出有益剂。 在某些实施方案中，速率调节机构可以控制通过水输送膜接收水的速率，从而控制有益剂从地下输送通道排出的速率。
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34.发明授权Electrochemical systems and methods for operating an electrochemical cell with an acidic anolyte 有权用酸性阳极电解液操作电化学电池的电化学系统和方法公开(公告)号：US09011650B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-21
申请号：US13269412
申请日：2011-10-07
申请人： Sai Bhavaraju , Ashok V. Joshi
发明人： Sai Bhavaraju , Ashok V. Joshi
CPC分类号： C25B9/08 , C02F1/4674 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2001/46185 , C02F2101/101 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46135 , C02F2201/4618 , C02F2209/06 , C25B1/10 , C25B3/00 , C25B15/02 , C25B15/08 , Y02E60/366
摘要： An electrochemical cell having a cation-conductive ceramic membrane and an acidic anolyte. Generally, the cell includes a catholyte compartment and an anolyte compartment that are separated by a cation-conductive membrane. While the catholyte compartment houses a primary cathode, the anolyte compartment houses an anode and a secondary cathode. In some cases, a current is passed through the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydrogen gas. In other cases, a current is passed between the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas. In still other cases, hydrogen peroxide is channeled between the secondary cathode and the membrane to form hydroxyl ions. In yet other cases, the cell includes a diffusion membrane disposed between the secondary cathode and the anode. In each of the aforementioned cases, the cell functions to maintain the pH of a fluid contacting the membrane at an acceptably high level.
摘要翻译： 具有阳离子导电陶瓷膜和酸性阳极电解液的电化学电池。 通常，电池包括由阳离子导电膜分离的阴极电解液室和阳极电解液室。 当阴极电解液室容纳主阴极时，阳极电解液室容纳阳极和次级阴极。 在一些情况下，电流通过电极以使次级阴极放出氢气。 在其他情况下，在电极之间通过电流以使次级阴极放出羟基离子和氢气。 在其他情况下，过氧化氢被引导在次级阴极和膜之间以形成羟基离子。 在其他情况下，电池包括设置在次级阴极和阳极之间的扩散膜。 在上述每一种情况下，电池用于将接触膜的流体的pH保持在可接受的高水平。
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公开(公告)号：US20130001095A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-03
申请号：US13612192
申请日：2012-09-12
IPC分类号： C25B3/04
CPC分类号： C10G3/40 , C10G3/45 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2400/04 , C12P7/54 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/10 , C25B9/08 , Y02E50/343 , Y02P30/20
摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products. The method involves obtaining a sodium salt of a carboxylic acid. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane) that separates an anolyte compartment housing the anolyte from a catholyte compartment housing a catholyte. The anolyte includes a first solvent or mixture of solvents and a quantity of the sodium salt of the carboxylic acid. When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon.
摘要翻译： 一种产生偶联产物的方法。 该方法包括获得羧酸的钠盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱性离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜），其将容纳阴极电解液的阳极电解液室与容纳阴极电解液的阴极电解液室隔开。 阳极电解液包括第一溶剂或溶剂的混合物和一定量的羧酸的钠盐。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。
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36.发明申请Production of Alkali Bicarbonate and Alkali Hydroxide From Alkali Carbonate in an Electrolyte Cell. 审中-公开在电解槽中碱式碳酸盐和碱性氢氧化物的生产。公开(公告)号：US20110240484A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-06
申请号：US13078775
申请日：2011-04-01
申请人： Justin Pendleton , Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
发明人： Justin Pendleton , Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
CPC分类号： C25B1/14 , C25B1/16 , C25B3/04 , Y02P20/132
摘要： Alkali bicarbonate is synthesized in an electrolytic cell from alkali carbonate. The electrolytic cell includes an alkali ion conductive membrane positioned between an anolyte compartment configured with an anode and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. The alkali conductive membrane selectively transports alkali ions and prevents the transport of anions produced in the catholyte compartment. An aqueous alkali carbonate solution is introduced into the anolyte compartment and electrolyzed at the anode to produce carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen ions which react with alkali carbonate to produce alkali bicarbonate. The alkali bicarbonate is recovered by filtration or other separation techniques. When the catholyte solution includes water, pure alkali hydroxide is produced. When the catholyte solution includes methanol, pure alkali methoxide is produced.
摘要翻译： 在碱金属碳酸盐的电解池中合成碱金属碳酸氢盐。 电解池包括位于由阳极构成的阳极电解室和由阴极构成的阴极电解液室之间的碱性离子传导膜。 碱性导电膜选择性地输送碱离子并防止在阴极电解液室中产生的阴离子的输送。 将碱金属碳酸盐水溶液引入阳极电解液室中并在阳极处电解以产生与碱金属碳酸盐反应产生碱式碳酸氢盐的二氧化碳和/或氢离子。 通过过滤或其他分离技术回收碱金属碳酸氢盐。 当阴极电解液包含水时，产生纯碱氢氧化物。 当阴极电解液包含甲醇时，产生纯碱金属甲醇盐。
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37.发明申请Methods For Producing Sodium Hypochlorite With a Three-Compartment Apparatus Containing an Acidic Anolyte 审中-公开使用含有酸性阳极电解液的三室装置生产次氯酸钠的方法公开(公告)号：US20100044242A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-25
申请号：US12547434
申请日：2009-08-25
摘要： An electrochemical method for the production of a chlorine-based oxidant product, such as sodium hypochlorite, is disclosed. The method may potentially be used to produce sodium hypochlorite from sea water or low purity un-softened or NaCl-based salt solutions. The method utilizes alkali cation-conductive ceramic membranes, such as membranes based on NaSICON-type materials, and organic polymer membranes in electrochemical cells to produce sodium hypochlorite. Generally, the electrochemical cell includes three compartments and the first compartment contains an anolyte having an acidic pH.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于生产氯基氧化剂产物如次氯酸钠的电化学方法。 该方法可能潜在地用于从海水或低纯度未软化或NaCl基盐溶液中产生次氯酸钠。 该方法利用碱性阳离子导电陶瓷膜，例如基于NaSICON型材料的膜和电化学电池中的有机聚合物膜来产生次氯酸钠。 通常，电化学电池包括三个隔室，第一隔室含有具有酸性pH的阳极电解液。
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38.发明申请Electrolytic Process to Separate Alkali Metal Ions from Alkali Salts of Glycerine 审中-公开将碱金属离子与甘油碱盐分离的电解过程公开(公告)号：US20090057162A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-05
申请号：US12264068
申请日：2008-11-03
CPC分类号： C25B1/04 , C25B3/04 , C25B13/04 , Y02E60/366
摘要： Methods and apparatus for separating alkali metal ions from alkali salts of glycerine to thereby form clean glycerine. These methods are enabled by the use of alkali ion conductive membranes in electrolytic cells that are chemically stable in low pH conditions. The alkali ion conductive membrane preferably includes a chemically stable ionic-selective polymer membrane. A layered composite of a chemically stable ionic-selective polymer and a cation-conductive ceramic membrane is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 将碱金属离子与甘油碱性盐分离从而形成干净的甘油的方法和设备。 这些方法可以通过在低pH条件下化学稳定的电解池中使用碱离子导电膜来实现。 碱离子导电膜优选包括化学稳定的离子选择性聚合物膜。 公开了一种化学稳定的离子选择性聚合物和阳离子导电陶瓷膜的层状复合材料。
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公开(公告)号：US08916123B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-23
申请号：US13428214
申请日：2012-03-23
申请人： Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
发明人： Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
CPC分类号： C25B1/00 , C25B9/08 , C25B11/035 , C25B13/04
摘要： Ammonia is synthesized using electrochemical and non-electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reactions occur in an electrolytic cell having a lithium ion conductive membrane that divides the electrochemical cell into an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment. The catholyte compartment includes a porous cathode closely associated with the lithium ion conductive membrane. The overall electrochemical reaction is: 6LiOH+N2→Li3N (s)+3H2O+3/2O2. The nitrogen may be produced by a nitrogen generator. The non-electrochemical reaction involves reacting lithium nitride with water and/or steam as follows: Li3N (s)+3H2O→3LiOH+NH3 (g). The ammonia is vented and collected. The lithium hydroxide is preferably recycled and introduced into the anolyte compartment. The electrolytic cell is shut down prior to reacting the lithium nitride with water. The cathode is preferably dried prior to start up of the electrolytic cell and electrolyzing Li+ and N2 at the cathode.
摘要翻译： 使用电化学和非电化学反应合成氨。 电化学反应发生在具有将电化学电池分成阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室的锂离子传导膜的电解槽中。 阴极电解液室包括与锂离子传导膜密切相关的多孔阴极。 总电化学反应为：6LiOH + N2→Li3N（s）+ 3H2O + 3 / 2O2。 氮气可以由氮气发生器产生。 非电化学反应包括使氮化锂与水和/或蒸汽反应如下：Li 3 N（s）+ 3H 2 O→3LiOH + NH 3（g）。 将氨排出并收集。 优选将氢氧化锂再循环并引入阳极电解液室。 在使氮化锂与水反应之前关闭电解槽。 阴极优选在电解槽开始之前干燥，并在阴极电解Li +和N 2。
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公开(公告)号：US08506789B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-13
申请号：US12840508
申请日：2010-07-21
CPC分类号： C10G3/40 , C10G3/45 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/50 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/44 , C10G2400/04 , C12P7/54 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/10 , C25B9/08 , Y02E50/343 , Y02P30/20
摘要： A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.
摘要翻译： 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸，羧酸的酯，羧酸的甘油三酸酯，或羧酸的金属盐，或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜）。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料，生成的烃可以是例如饱和的，不饱和的，支链的或非支链的。
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