公开(公告)号：US20180253642A1

公开(公告)日：2018-09-06

申请号：US15446264

申请日：2017-03-01

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Tayfun Gokmen ,  Rudolf M. Tromp

IPC: G06N3/063 ,  G06N3/08 ,  G06N3/04

Abstract: A technique relates a resistive processing unit (RPU) array. A set of conductive column wires are configured to form cross-points at intersections between the set of conductive row wires and a set of conductive column wires. Two-terminal RPUs are hysteretic such that the two-terminal RPUs each have a conductance state defined by hysteresis, where a two-terminal RPU of the two-terminal RPUs is located at each of the cross-points.

公开(公告)号：US20180053089A1

公开(公告)日：2018-02-22

申请号：US15242691

申请日：2016-08-22

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Tayfun Gokmen ,  Seyoung Kim ,  Dennis M. Newns ,  Yurii A. Vlasov

IPC: G06N3/08 ,  G06N3/063 ,  G06N3/04

CPC classification number: G06N3/0635 ,  G06N3/084

Abstract: A resistive processing unit (RPU) that includes a pair of transistors connected in series providing an update function for a weight of a training methodology to the RPU, and a read transistor for reading the weight of the training methodology. In some embodiments, the resistive processing unit (RPU) further includes a capacitor connecting a gate of the read transistor to the air of transistors providing the update function for the resistive processing unit (RPU). The capacitor stores said weight of training methodology for the RPU.

公开(公告)号：US09715656B1

公开(公告)日：2017-07-25

申请号：US15262582

申请日：2016-09-12

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Tayfun Gokmen

IPC: G06N3/08

CPC classification number: G06N3/08 ,  G06N3/063 ,  G06N3/084

Abstract: Technical solutions are described for improving efficiency of training a resistive processing unit (RPU) array using a neural network training methodology. An example method includes reducing asymmetric RPUs from the RPU array by determining an asymmetric value of an RPU from the RPU array, and burning the RPU in response to the asymmetry value being above a predetermined threshold. The RPU can be burned by causing an electric voltage across the RPU to be above a predetermined limit. The method further includes initiating the training methodology for the RPU array after the asymmetric RPUs from the RPU array are reduced.

公开(公告)号：US20150000741A1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-01

申请号：US13930975

申请日：2013-06-28

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Tayfun Gokmen ,  Oki Gunawan ,  Richard A. Haight ,  Jeehwan Kim ,  David B. Mitzi ,  Mark T. Winkler

IPC: H01L31/032 ,  H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L31/075 ,  H01L31/0322 ,  H01L31/0324 ,  H01L31/0326 ,  H01L31/0328 ,  H01L31/077 ,  H01L31/18 ,  Y02E10/541

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes a first contact and a hybrid absorber layer. The hybrid absorber layer includes a chalcogenide layer and a semiconductor layer in contact with the chalcogenide layer. A buffer layer is formed on the absorber layer, and a transparent conductive contact layer is formed on the buffer layer.

Abstract translation: 光伏器件包括第一接触和混合吸收层。 混合吸收层包括硫族化物层和与硫族化物层接触的半导体层。 在吸收层上形成缓冲层，在缓冲层上形成透明导电接触层。

公开(公告)号：US11556770B2

公开(公告)日：2023-01-17

申请号：US16427598

申请日：2019-05-31

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Malte Rasch ,  Tayfun Gokmen

IPC: G06N3/063 ,  G06N3/08 ,  G06F7/52 ,  G06F7/02 ,  G06N3/04

Abstract: Techniques for auto weight scaling a bounded weight range of RPU devices with the size of the array during ANN training are provided. In one aspect, a method of ANN training includes: initializing weight values winit in the array to a random value, wherein the array represents a weight matrix W with m rows and n columns; calculating a scaling factor β based on a size of the weight matrix W; providing digital inputs x to the array; dividing the digital inputs x by a noise and bound management factor α to obtain adjusted digital inputs x′; performing a matrix-vector multiplication of the adjusted digital inputs x′ with the array to obtain digital outputs y′; multiplying the digital outputs y′ by the noise and bound management factor α; and multiplying the digital outputs y′ by the scaling factor β to provide digital outputs y of the array.

公开(公告)号：US20220366230A1

公开(公告)日：2022-11-17

申请号：US17321617

申请日：2021-05-17

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Mark S. Squillante ,  Ogunzhan Murat Onen ,  Tayfun Gokmen ,  Vasileios Kalantzis ,  Tomasz J. Nowicki ,  Wilfried Haensch ,  Lior Horesh

IPC: G06N3/063 ,  G06F17/16 ,  G06N3/04 ,  G06F7/523

Abstract: A method is presented for computing an equilibrium distribution of Markov processes. The method includes storing weight values in an analog crossbar array of transition probability matrices, where the analog crossbar array of transition probability matrices represents a weight matrix with m rows and n columns, computing an eigenvector associated with a real eigenvalue of modulus one for each of the transition probability matrices, applying a gradient-based eigenvalue solver to converge to a dominant eigenpair, and determining a probability of changing from one state to another state in a stochastic entity based on outcomes of the gradient-based eigenvalue solver.

公开(公告)号：US11487990B2

公开(公告)日：2022-11-01

申请号：US16441885

申请日：2019-06-14

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Seyoung Kim ,  Tayfun Gokmen

IPC: G06N3/04 ,  G06N3/063 ,  G11C13/00

Abstract: Cross-point arrays and methods of updating values of the same include input resistive processing units (RPUs), each having a settable resistance, each connected to a common node. Output RPUs each have a settable resistance and are each connected to the common node. An update switch is configured to connect an update voltage to the common node.

公开(公告)号：US11443171B2

公开(公告)日：2022-09-13

申请号：US16929168

申请日：2020-07-15

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation

Inventor： Seyoung Kim ,  Oguzhan Murat Onen ,  Tayfun Gokmen ,  Malte Johannes Rasch

IPC: G06N3/04 ,  G06N3/063 ,  G06N3/08 ,  G06F9/30

Abstract: Provided are embodiments for a computer-implemented method, a system, and a computer program product for updating an analog crossbar array. Embodiment include receiving a number used in matrix multiplication to represent using pulse generation for a crossbar array, and receiving a bit-length to represent the number. Embodiments also include selecting pulse positions in a pulse sequence having the bit length to represent the number, performing a computation using the selected pulse positions in the pulse sequence, and updating the crossbar array using the computation.

公开(公告)号：US20220197639A1

公开(公告)日：2022-06-23

申请号：US17131034

申请日：2020-12-22

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ,  Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd.

Inventor： Malte Johannes Rasch ,  Oguzhan Murat Onen ,  Tayfun Gokmen ,  Chai Wah Wu ,  Mark S. Squillante ,  Tomasz J. Nowicki ,  Wilfried Haensch ,  Lior Horesh ,  Vasileios Kalantzis ,  Haim Avron

IPC: G06F9/30 ,  G06F9/50

Abstract: Methods and systems for solving a linear system include setting resistances in an array of settable electrical resistances in accordance with values of an input matrix. A series of input vectors is applied to the array as voltages to generate a series of respective output vectors. Each input vector in the series of vectors is updated based on comparison of the respective output vectors to a target vector. A solution of a linear system is determined that includes the input matrix based on the updated input vectors.

公开(公告)号：US11366876B2

公开(公告)日：2022-06-21

申请号：US16910975

申请日：2020-06-24

Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Inventor： Chai Wah Wu ,  Oguzhan Murat Onen ,  Tayfun Gokmen ,  Malte Johannes Rasch ,  Mark S. Squillante ,  Tomasz J. Nowicki ,  Wilfried Haensch ,  Lior Horesh ,  Vasileios Kalantzis

IPC: G06F17/16 ,  G06F7/78

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for Eigenpair computation is provided. The method includes computing, her a hardware processor, an Eigenvector and respective Eigenvalues of the Eigenvector of a matrix by using a modified Stochastic Optimization process including performing a matrix vector product on a Resistive Processing Unit (RPU) crossbar array operatively coupled to the hardware processor and performing a scalar vector product on a digital device operatively coupled to the hardware processor and representing, for each of an Eigenpair, an initial guess for the Eigenvector and the respective Eigenvalues. The computing step includes storing the matrix in the RPU crossbar array.