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    Separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures by calcium based reaction separation
    32.
    发明授权
    Separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures by calcium based reaction separation 有权
    通过钙基反应分离从气体混合物中分离二氧化碳

    公开(公告)号：US08226917B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-24

    申请号：US11994316

    申请日：2006-06-28

    申请人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Himanshu Gupta ,  Mahesh V. Iyer

    发明人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Himanshu Gupta ,  Mahesh V. Iyer

    IPC分类号： B01D53/02

    CPC分类号： B01D53/508 ,  B01D53/1475 ,  B01D53/1493 ,  B01D53/62 ,  B01D2251/404 ,  B01D2253/10 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J20/041 ,  B01J20/06 ,  B01J20/28057 ,  B01J20/28071 ,  B01J20/3085 ,  B01J20/3433 ,  B01J20/3466 ,  B01J20/3483 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01F11/06 ,  C01P2002/32 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  C01P2006/14 ,  C01P2006/17 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10K1/024 ,  C10K3/04 ,  H01M8/0668 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02C10/04 ,  Y02C10/06 ,  Y02C10/08 ,  Y02P20/152

    摘要： A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO2 compared to the inlet CO2 concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO2 from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO2 (CaRS—CO2) process consists of contacting a CO2 laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO2 by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCOa). Once “spent”, CaCO3 is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO2. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO2. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS—CO2 process. This process also identifies the application of a mesoporous CaCO3 structure, developed by a process detailed elsewhere, that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles. Lastly, thermal regeneration (calcination) under vacuum provided a better sorbent structure that maintained reproducible reactivity levels over multiple cycles.

    摘要翻译： 已经开发了一种基于反应的方法，用于从多组分气体混合物中选择性地除去二氧化碳（CO 2），以提供与流中的入口CO 2浓度相比减少的CO 2气体流。 所提出的方法通过与金属氧化物（例如氧化钙）的反应来影响CO 2从气体（例如烟道气/燃料气体）的混合物中的分离。 用于CO 2（CaRS-CO 2）的基于钙的反应分离过程包括在反应器中使含CO 2的气体与氧化钙（CaO）接触，使得CaO通过形成碳酸钙（CaCO 3）捕获CO 2。 一旦“花费”，CaCO3通过其煅烧再生，导致新鲜的CaO吸附剂的形成和CO 2的浓缩流的演化。 然后将“再生”的CaO再循环用于进一步捕获更多的二氧化碳。 该碳酸化 - 煅烧循环是CaRS-CO2工艺的基础。 该方法还鉴定了通过其他地方详细描述的方法开发的介孔CaCO 3结构的应用，其通过多次碳酸化和煅烧循环达到> 90％的转化率。 最后，在真空下的热再生（煅烧）提供了更好的吸附剂结构，其在多个循环中保持可重复的反应性水平。

    CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS INTO CARBON FREE ENERGY CARRIERS
    35.
    发明申请
    CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS INTO CARBON FREE ENERGY CARRIERS 有权
    将碳燃料转化为无碳能量载体

    公开(公告)号：US20110176968A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-07-21

    申请号：US13121009

    申请日：2009-09-28

    申请人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Li Fanxing

    发明人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Li Fanxing

    IPC分类号： B01J8/18 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C04B35/01

    CPC分类号： C10J3/725 ,  B01J19/245 ,  B01J2219/19 ,  B01J2219/24 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/344 ,  C10J3/12 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  F23C99/00 ,  F23C2900/99008 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E20/346 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10T428/2982

    摘要： A system for converting fuel is provided and includes a first reactor comprising a plurality of ceramic composite particles, the ceramic composite particles comprising at least one metal oxide disposed on a support, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the at least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide; a second reactor configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the said first reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate; a source of air; and a third reactor communicating with said source of air and configured to regenerate the at least one metal oxide from the remaining portion of the solids discharged from the said first reactor and the solids discharged from the said second reactor by oxidizing the metal oxide intermediate.

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于转化燃料的系统，并且包括包含多个陶瓷复合颗粒的第一反应器，所述陶瓷复合颗粒包含设置在载体上的至少一种金属氧化物，其中所述第一反应器构造成用至少一种金属氧化物还原所述至少一种金属氧化物 用于生产还原金属或还原金属氧化物的燃料; 第二反应器，被配置为从所述第一反应器氧化至少一部分还原金属或还原的金属氧化物以产生金属氧化物中间体; 空气来源 以及第三反应器，其与所述空气源连通并且被配置为从所述第一反应器排出的固体的剩余部分和通过氧化金属氧化物中间体从所述第二反应器排出的固体再生至少一种金属氧化物。

    3D AND REAL TIME ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE VOLUME-TOMOGRAPHY SENSOR DESIGN AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION
    36.
    发明申请
    3D AND REAL TIME ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE VOLUME-TOMOGRAPHY SENSOR DESIGN AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION 有权
    3D和实时电气容量体积传感器设计和图像重建

    公开(公告)号：US20100097374A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-22

    申请号：US11909548

    申请日：2006-03-22

    申请人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Qussai Marashdeh ,  Warsito Warsito

    发明人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Qussai Marashdeh ,  Warsito Warsito

    IPC分类号： G06T17/00 ,  G01R27/26

    CPC分类号： G06T11/006 ,  A61B5/0535 ,  G01N27/226 ,  G01N33/15 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G06T2211/412 ,  G06T2211/424 ,  G06T2211/428

    摘要： Dynamic three-dimensional image electrical capacitance tomography sensor system is disclosed. The technique generates, from the measured capacitance, a whole volume image of the region enclosed by the a geometrically three-dimensional capacitance sensor. A real time, three-dimensional imaging of a moving object or a real time volume imaging (i.e., four-dimensional (4D)) allows for a total interrogation scheme of the whole volume within the domain of an arbitrary shape of geometry to be implemented. The system comprises a 3D capacitance sensor, data acquisition electronics and the image reconstruction algorithm which enables the volume-image reconstruction. The electrode shape of the capacitance sensor can be rectangular, triangular, trapezium, or any shape to enclose a 3D section of the measuring domain and to distribute the electrical field intensity in three directions with equal sensitivity strength. The image reconstruction algorithm reconstructs simultaneously the image voxels in a three-dimensional array. The tomography sensor system may be multimodal.

    摘要翻译： 公开了动态三维图像电容层析成像传感器系统。 该技术从测量的电容产生由几何三维电容传感器包围的区域的整个体积图像。 移动物体或实时体积成像（即，四维（4D））的实时三维成像允许在任意几何形状的区域内的整个体积的总询问方案被实现 。 该系统包括3D电容传感器，数据采集电子装置和能够进行体积图像重建的图像重建算法。 电容传感器的电极形状可以是矩形，三角形，梯形或任何形状，以包围测量域的3D部分，并以相同的灵敏度强度在三个方向分布电场强度。 图像重构算法同时重建三维阵列中的图像体素。 层析成像传感器系统可以是多模式的。

    Carbon dioxide sequestration using alkaline earth metal-bearing minerals
    38.
    发明申请
    Carbon dioxide sequestration using alkaline earth metal-bearing minerals 有权
    使用含碱土金属矿物的二氧化碳封存

    公开(公告)号：US20050180910A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-18

    申请号：US11027368

    申请日：2004-12-30

    申请人： Ah-Hyung Park ,  Liang-Shih Fan

    发明人： Ah-Hyung Park ,  Liang-Shih Fan

    IPC分类号： B01D53/62 ,  C01F5/24

    CPC分类号： B01D53/62 ,  B01D2251/402 ,  C01F5/24 ,  Y02C10/04 ,  Y02P20/152

    摘要： A method for mineral sequestration of pollutant gases resulting from the combustion of carbon-based fuels such as carbon and sulfur dioxides is provided and includes, providing a particulate magnesium-containing mineral and exposing the magnesium-containing mineral to a weak acid to dissolve magnesium from the mineral and form a magnesium-containing solution. The surface of the particulate magnesium-containing mineral is physically activated to expose and dissolve additional magnesium into the solution. Pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide are mixed with the magnesium-containing solution. When the pH of the magnesium-containing solution is increased, solid magnesium carbonate is formed.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种由碳和二氧化硫等碳类燃料燃烧产生的污染气体的矿物隔离的方法，包括提供含镁矿物质并将含镁矿物暴露于弱酸以溶解镁 矿物并形成含镁溶液。 颗粒状含镁矿物的表面被物理活化以暴露并溶解另外的镁到溶液中。 污染气体如二氧化碳与含镁溶液混合。 当含镁溶液的pH升高时，形成固体碳酸镁。

    Neural network based multi-criteria optimization image reconstruction technique for imaging two- and three-phase flow systems using electrical capacitance tomography
    39.
    发明授权
    Neural network based multi-criteria optimization image reconstruction technique for imaging two- and three-phase flow systems using electrical capacitance tomography 有权
    基于神经网络的多标准优化图像重建技术，用于使用电容层析成像对二相和三相流系统进行成像

    公开(公告)号：US06577700B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-10

    申请号：US09887276

    申请日：2001-06-22

    申请人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  W. Warsito

    发明人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  W. Warsito

    IPC分类号： A61B603

    CPC分类号： G06T11/006 ,  A61B5/0536 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  E21B2041/0028 ,  G01N27/24 ,  Y10S378/901

    摘要： A new image reconstruction technique for imaging two- and three-phase flows using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) has been developed based on multi-criteria optimization using an analog neural network, hereafter referred to as Neural Network Multi-criteria Optimization Image Reconstruction (NN-MOIRT)). The reconstruction technique is a combination between multi-criteria optimization image reconstruction technique for linear tomography, and the so-called linear back projection (LBP) technique commonly used for capacitance tomography. The multi-criteria optimization image reconstruction problem is solved using Hopfield model dynamic neural-network computing. For three-component imaging, the single-step sigmoid function in the Hopfield networks is replaced by a double-step sigmoid function, allowing the neural computation to converge to three-distinct stable regions in the output space corresponding to the three components, enabling the differentiation among the single phases.

    摘要翻译： 已经基于使用模拟神经网络的多标准优化（以下称为神经网络多标准优化图像重建（NN））开发了使用电容层析成像（ECT）来成像两相和三相流的新的图像重建技术 -MOIRT））。 重建技术是用于线性断层扫描的多标准优化图像重建技术和通常用于电容层析成像的所谓的线性背投（LBP）技术的组合。 使用Hopfield模型动态神经网络计算解决了多标准优化图像重建问题。 对于三分量成像，Hopfield网络中的单步S形函数被双步S形函数所取代，允许神经计算在与三个分量对应的输出空间中收敛到三个不同的稳定区域，使得 单相分化。

    Method for the treatment of activated carbonaceous material containing alkali/alkaline earth metals for the reduction of NOx from flue gas
    40.
    发明授权
    Method for the treatment of activated carbonaceous material containing alkali/alkaline earth metals for the reduction of NOx from flue gas 有权
    用于处理含有碱/碱土金属的活性碳质材料用于从烟道气中还原NOx的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06224839B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-05-01

    申请号：US09498232

    申请日：2000-02-03

    申请人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Himanshu Gupta

    发明人： Liang-Shih Fan ,  Himanshu Gupta

    IPC分类号： B01J800

    CPC分类号： B01D53/8628 ,  F23J15/02 ,  F23J2215/10 ,  F23J2219/30

    摘要： Economical NOx reduction from the flue gas is essential for the long-term profitability and existence of fossil fuel based thermal power plants. The proposed process describes the application of activated carbonaceous materials for the post-combustion control of nitric oxide (NOx) emissions from flue gas. Integral experiments were carried out on a variety of carbonaceous species such as graphite, activated carbons and coal char. A selectivity parameter (g carbon consumed/g NO reduced) has been used as a basis for quantifying the effect of the various parameters such as oxygen concentration, alkali impregnation and temperature of reaction on the carbon-NO selectivity. The reaction between pure structured carbon (graphite) required very high temperature. The reaction rate with char and activated carbon was determined to be higher compared to the rate with graphite. The reaction temperature was significantly reduced by the impregnation of carbons with alkali metals. For a given carbon, the selectivity of the carbon-NO reaction increased with temperature. The effect of initial surface area of the carbon was also studied on sodium carbonate impregnated activated char. It was seen that a higher initial surface area increased the selectivity of carbon-NO reaction.

    摘要翻译： 烟气的经济NOx还原对于长期盈利能力和基于化石燃料的热电厂的存在至关重要。 所提出的方法描述了活性碳质材料在烟气中一氧化氮（NOx）排放的后燃烧控制中的应用。 对各种碳质物质如石墨，活性炭和煤焦炭进行积分实验。 已经使用选择性参数（g碳消耗/ g NO还原）作为量化氧浓度，碱浸渍和反应温度等各种参数对碳-NO选择性的影响的基础。 纯结构碳（石墨）之间的反应要求非常高的温度。 与炭黑和活性炭的反应速率确定为高于石墨的速率。 通过用碱金属浸渍碳，反应温度显着降低。 对于给定的碳，碳-NO反应的选择性随温度升高。 还研究了碳酸钠浸渍的活性炭的初始表面积的影响。 可以看出，较高的初始表面积增加了碳 - NO反应的选择性。