摘要:
Gas-solids transport and heat exchange techniques are disclosed wherein solid particulate material is circulated in a "figure 8" or a circular flow path for selective contact and/or direct heat exchange with gaseous media. The particulate material is introduced into streams of gaseous media at spaced locations in the flow path and subsequently separated from the gaseous streams following contact and/or heat exchange therewith. The gaseous streams are maintained separate from one another by loose packed bed columns of particulate material formed in the flow path and used to introduce the particulate material into the gaseous streams. The flow rate of the particulate material is regulated by the controlled biasing of particulate material from each of the columns thereof directly into the gaseous streams, and the particulate material is circulated solely through the use of the gaseous media and the force of gravity. The particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with each of the gaseous streams in figure 8 flow path systems and, in circular flow path systems, the particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with one of the gaseous streams and in countercurrent relationship with the other of the gaseous streams. In heat exchange applications, heat transfer between the streams of gaseous media is provided as a function of the flow rate of the particulate material and the relative flow rates of the streams of gaseous media.
摘要:
Hydrocarbon fuel reformer 100 suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. A first tube 108 has a first tube inlet 110 and a first tube outlet 112. The first tube inlet 110 is adapted for receiving a first mixture including an oxygen-containing gas and a first fuel. A partially oxidized first reaction reformate is directed out of the first tube 108 into a mixing zone 114. A second tube 116 is annularly disposed about the first tube 108 and has a second tube inlet 118 and a second tube outlet 120. The second tube inlet 118 is adapted for receiving a second mixture including steam and a second fuel. A steam reformed second reaction reformate is directed out of the second tube 116 and into the mixing zone 114. From the mixing zone 114, the first and second reaction reformates may be directed into a catalytic reforming zone 144 containing a reforming catalyst 147.
摘要:
A hydrocarbon fuel reformer (200) is disclosed suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. The reformer (200) comprises first and second tubes (208,218). The first tube (208) includes a first catalyst (214) and receives a first mixture of steam and a first fuel. The second tube (218) is annularly disposed about the first tube (208) and receives a second mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a second fuel. In one embodiment, a third tube (224) is annularly disposed about the second tube (218) and receives a first reaction reformate from the first tube (208) and a second reaction reformate from the second tube (218). A catalyst reforming zone (260) annularly disposed about the third tube (224) may be provided to subject reformate constituents to a shift reaction. In another embodiment, a fractionator is provided to distill first and second fuels from a fuel supply source.
摘要:
A thermal expansion valve comprises a metal tube for flowing a fluid therethrough, and a metal rod fixed only at a first end in the tube and disposed wholly within the tube, the metal tube having a greater coefficient of expansion than the metal rod. A plug having an orifice therethrough is disposed in the tube proximate a free end of the rod. Lengthwise thermal expansion and contraction of the tube and the rod caused by the temperature of the fluid in the tube and around the rod causes the free end of the rod to retreat from the plug to increase flow of the fluid therethrough, and causes the free end of the rod to approach the plug to restrict flow of the fluid therethrough, respectively.
摘要:
A forced hot air furnace having a continuously wet recuperative heat exchanger. The recuperative heat exchanger is positioned in the hot air chamber at an upward incline from the firebox to the outside flue. Inclined positioning enables heat exchanger condensate to drain counter to combustion products. Condensate is collected in a reservoir located in the firebox. Combustion products flow over the reservoir thereby becoming elevated in dew point before entering the heat exchanger. Consequently, the amount of condensation formed in the heat exchanger is substantially increased over conventional heat exchangers. Condensate will form along the entire length of the heat exchanger resulting in all wet operation. In another embodiment, continuously wet operation is achieved without a water reservoir. In still another embodiment, the continuously wet recuperative heat exchanger is coupled to the output of a non-recuperative heat exchanger. In an alternate embodiment, a continuously wet recuperative heat exchanger is utilized to heat a liquid.
摘要:
A forced hot air furnace having a continously wet condensing heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has an upwardly inclined first segment connected in series to a downwardly inclined second segment. Combustion products are first passed across a water reservoir thereby becoming sufficiently elevated in dew point to condense within the first segment resulting in all wet first segment operation. Condensate formed in the first segment will drain downward opposite the flow of combustion products, into the water reservoir. Since combustion products entering the second segment have been cooled to less than their dew point, the second segment will also operate in the all wet mode. Condensate flows down the second segment into a sump for transfer to the water reservoir.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for defrosting or removing ice from the outside of the evaporator of a refrigerator or heat pump. An additional inventory of refrigerant in thermal communication with a thermal mass is pressurized to substantially the same pressure as the condenser. After the compressor is deactivated at the end of a cooling cycle, a valve separating the inventory and evaporator is opened whereby the respective pressures rapidly equalize to an intermediate pressure. The inventory of refrigerant boils in the reduced pressure thereby drawing heat from the thermal mass to support the process. The vaporized refrigerant flows through the valve to the evaporator and condenses in the relatively cool environment. The heat given off by the condensation process melts ice on the outside of the evaporator.