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    Environmentally safe lubricated well fluid method of making a well fluid and method of drilling
    33.
    发明授权
    Environmentally safe lubricated well fluid method of making a well fluid and method of drilling 失效
    环保的润滑井液制备井液的方法和钻井方法

    公开(公告)号：US5658860A

    公开(公告)日：1997-08-19

    申请号：US482712

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： David E. Clark ,  William M. Dye

    发明人： David E. Clark ,  William M. Dye

    IPC分类号： C09K8/28 ,  C09K8/32 ,  C09K7/02

    CPC分类号： C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/28

    摘要： A well fluid emusion having a water phase and an oil phase of a sulfurized alcohol and a naturally occuring fat, oil or derivatives thereof. Also disclosed is a method of lubricating drilling equipment used in conjunction with the drilling, completion or workover of a subterranean well. The method includes introducing the above emulsified well fluid into the well for circulation through and out of the well, and further includes contacting the surface of the drilling equipment with the emulsified well fluid to provide an interface between the equipment surface and the water phase. Suitable naturally occurring fats and oils may be obtained from the following animal oils and fats: butter, lard, tallow, grease, herring, menhaden, pilchard and sardine; and from the following vegetable oils and fats: castor, coconut, coffee, corn, cottonseed, jojoba, linseed, liticica, olive, palm, palm kernel, peanut, rapeseed, safflower, soya, sunflower, tall and tung.

    摘要翻译： 具有水相和硫化油的油相和天然存在的脂肪，油或其衍生物的良好流体液体。 还公开了一种润滑与地下井的钻井，完井或修井相结合使用的钻井设备的方法。 该方法包括将上述乳化井流体引入井中以循环通过和流出井，并且还包括使钻井设备的表面与乳化井流体接触以在设备​​表面和水相之间提供界面。 合适的天然脂肪和油可以从以下动物油和脂肪获得：黄油，猪油，牛脂，油脂，鲱鱼，鲱鱼，沙丁鱼和沙丁鱼; 和以下植物油脂：蓖麻，椰子，咖啡，玉米，棉籽，荷荷芭，亚麻籽，橄榄，棕榈仁，棕榈仁，花生，油菜籽，红花，大豆，向日葵，高桐。

    In situ microemulsions used as spacer fluids
    36.
    发明授权
    In situ microemulsions used as spacer fluids 有权
    用作间隔液的原位微乳液

    公开(公告)号：US08871695B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-10-28

    申请号：US12107185

    申请日：2008-04-22

    申请人： Lirio Quintero ,  Chad F. Christian ,  Alexander McKellar ,  Cristina Torres ,  David E. Clark ,  Thomas A. Jones

    发明人： Lirio Quintero ,  Chad F. Christian ,  Alexander McKellar ,  Cristina Torres ,  David E. Clark ,  Thomas A. Jones

    IPC分类号： C09K8/08 ,  C09K8/524 ,  C09K8/52

    CPC分类号： C09K8/52 ,  C09K8/524

    摘要： Nanoemulsions, miniemulsions, microemulsion systems with excess oil or water or both (Winsor III) or single phase microemulsions (Winsor IV) may be formed in situ during hydrocarbon recovery operations after drilling with OBM or SBM using one or more fluid pills. The nanoemulsions, miniemulsions, microemulsion systems with excess oil or water or both or single phase microemulsions remove oil and solids from the well and wellbore surfaces. In one non-limiting embodiment, a single phase microemulsion (SPME) or other in situ-formed fluid may be created from a polar phase, a nonpolar phase, at least one viscosifier, and at least one surfactant.

    摘要翻译： 在用OBM或SBM使用一种或多种流体药丸进行钻孔之后，可以在烃回收操作期间原位形成纳米乳剂，微乳液，具有多余油或水的两者的微乳液系统（Winsor III）或单相微乳液（Winsor IV）。 具有过量油或水或二相微乳液的纳米乳液，微乳液，微乳液系统从井和井眼表面去除油和固体。 在一个非限制性实施方案中，可以从极性相，非极性相，至少一种增粘剂和至少一种表面活性剂产生单相微乳液（SPME）或其它原位形成的流体。

    Lost circulation control fluids for naturally fractured carbonate formations
    37.
    发明授权
    Lost circulation control fluids for naturally fractured carbonate formations 有权
    天然裂缝碳酸盐岩层的循环控制流体失控

    公开(公告)号：US08544565B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-10-01

    申请号：US12907529

    申请日：2010-10-19

    申请人： Tianping Huang ,  James B. Crews ,  David E. Clark

    发明人： Tianping Huang ,  James B. Crews ,  David E. Clark

    IPC分类号： E21B21/00 ,  E21B33/138 ,  C09K8/06

    CPC分类号： C09K8/508 ,  C09K8/12 ,  C09K2208/30

    摘要： Compositions including relatively low reactivity acids and having a pH of from about 2 to about 5, mixed with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) and internal breakers may serve as fluids, in a non-limiting embodiment as drilling fluids, to open underground hydrocarbon reservoirs with carbonate contents of 10 wt % or above. The fluids initially have low viscosities. After the fluid flows out of the drill bit, the acids react with carbonates in the formation thereby increasing the pH of the fluids causing the VES to gel the fluid at the bottom of the hole and within the formation rock. Even when the subterranean formation contains naturally-occurring fractures, the viscosified fluid will reduce fluid loss into the formation. After drilling through the targeted formation, internal breakers in the viscosified fluids will break down the fluids to permit their removal, and production of the well with very little or no near well bore damage.

    摘要翻译： 与粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）和内部破碎剂混合的包含相对较低反应性酸和约2至约5的pH的组合物在非限制性实施方案中可用作钻井液，用碳酸盐开放地下储层 含量10重量％以上。 液体最初具有低粘度。 在流体从钻头流出之后，酸与地层中的碳酸盐反应，从而增加流体的pH，导致VES凝结孔底部和地层岩内的流体。 即使当地下地层含有天然裂缝时，粘稠流体也会减少流体进入地层的流失。 在通过目标地层钻井后，粘稠流体中的内部破碎物将分解流体，以允许其移除，并且井的产生很少或没有接近井眼损坏。

    Liquid crystals for drilling, completion and production fluids
    38.
    发明授权
    Liquid crystals for drilling, completion and production fluids 失效
    用于钻井，完井和生产液体的液晶

    公开(公告)号：US08356667B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-22

    申请号：US12780591

    申请日：2010-05-14

    申请人： Lirio Quintero ,  David E. Clark ,  Antonio Enrique Cardenas ,  Hartley H. Downs ,  Christopher T. Gallagher

    发明人： Lirio Quintero ,  David E. Clark ,  Antonio Enrique Cardenas ,  Hartley H. Downs ,  Christopher T. Gallagher

    IPC分类号： E21B43/22

    CPC分类号： E21B43/26 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/602 ,  C09K8/604 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/88 ,  C09K2208/28 ,  E21B21/003

    摘要： Fluids containing liquid crystal-forming surfactants or polymeric surfactants, or polymers, or complex polymers or copolymers, or graphite nanotubes or Janus particles in a polar and/or non polar liquid, and optionally, co-surfactants, are useful in drilling, completion and production operations to give increased viscosity (solids suspension ability) and/or decreased fluid loss, as compared to otherwise identical fluids absent the liquid crystals. These liquid crystal compositions contain organized micelles. The liquid crystal-containing fluids are useful in completion fluids, fracturing fluids, formation damage remediation, waste management, lost circulation, drilling optimization, reducing trapped annular pressure during the hydrocarbon production process, well strengthening, friction and drag reducers, fluids introduced through an injection well, for geothermal wells, and the controlled release of additives into a wellbore, at a subterranean formation or at the oil production facilities.

    摘要翻译： 含极性和/或非极性液体中的液晶形成表面活性剂或聚合物表面活性剂或聚合物或复合聚合物或共聚物或石墨纳米管或亚麻颗粒的流体和任选的辅助表面活性剂可用于钻井，完井和 与没有液晶的其他相同的流体相比，生产操作提供了增加的粘度（固体悬浮能力）和/或降低的流体损失。 这些液晶组合物含有有组织的胶束。 含液晶的液体可用于完井液，压裂液，地层破坏修复，废物管理，泄漏循环，钻井优化，减少碳氢化合物生产过程中捕获的环形压力，良好强化，摩擦和减阻剂，通过 注入井，用于地热井，以及将添加剂控制释放到井筒，地下地层或石油生产设施中。

    Method for changing the wettability of rock formations
    39.
    发明授权
    Method for changing the wettability of rock formations 有权
    改变岩层润湿性的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08210263B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-03

    申请号：US12490783

    申请日：2009-06-24

    申请人： Lirio Quintero ,  David E. Clark ,  Thomas A. Jones

    发明人： Lirio Quintero ,  David E. Clark ,  Thomas A. Jones

    IPC分类号： E21B37/00

    CPC分类号： C09K8/58 ,  C09K8/584

    摘要： Single-phase microemulsions (SPMEs) and in situ-formed microemulsions in water-wetting pills may be used to reverse the wettability of subterranean rock previously drilled with an oil-based mud or synthetic-based mud before pumping a high fluid loss squeeze pill or crosslink pill or other water-based pill. This wettability reversal occurs by solubilization of the non-polar material into the microemulsion when the water-wetting pill contacts the non-polar material. An in situ microemulsion may be formed when one or more surfactant and a polar phase (e.g. water or brine), and eventually some amount of organic phase, contacts the reservoir formation and reverses the wettability encountered in the porous media. The microemulsions are effective for reversing the wettability that occurs from non-polar materials which include, but are not necessarily limited to, oil-based mud, synthetic-based mud, paraffins, asphaltenes, emulsions, slugs, and combinations thereof.

    摘要翻译： 可以使用单相微乳液（SPME）和在水润湿丸中的原位形成的微乳液来逆转先前用油基泥浆或合成基泥浆钻孔的地下岩石的润湿性，然后泵送高流失液挤压丸剂或 交联丸或其他水性药丸。 当湿润药片与非极性材料接触时，通过将非极性材料溶解到微乳液中来发生这种润湿性反转。 当一种或多种表面活性剂和极性相（例如水或盐水）和最终一些量的有机相接触储层形成并​​反转在多孔介质中遇到的润湿性时，可以形成原位微乳液。 微乳液可有效地逆转由非极性材料发生的润湿性，这些非极性材料包括但不一定限于油基泥浆，合成基泥浆，石蜡，沥青质，乳液，s块及其组合。

    Single phase microemulsions and in situ microemulsions for cleaning formation damage
    40.
    发明授权
    Single phase microemulsions and in situ microemulsions for cleaning formation damage 有权
    单相微乳液和原位微乳液用于清洁地层损伤

    公开(公告)号：US08091646B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-01-10

    申请号：US12146647

    申请日：2008-06-26

    申请人： Lirio Quintero ,  Thomas A. Jones ,  David E. Clark ,  Allen D. Gabrysch ,  Ana Forgiarini ,  Jean-Louis Salager

    发明人： Lirio Quintero ,  Thomas A. Jones ,  David E. Clark ,  Allen D. Gabrysch ,  Ana Forgiarini ,  Jean-Louis Salager

    IPC分类号： E21B37/00

    CPC分类号： C09K8/524 ,  C09K8/528 ,  E21B37/08

    摘要： Single phase microemulsions (SPMEs) and in situ-formed microemulsions may be used to clean up and remove non-polar materials from reservoir production zones of oil and gas wells. This clean up occurs by solubilization of the non-polar material into the microemulsion when the treatment fluid contacts the non-polar material. An in situ microemulsion may be formed when one or more surfactant and a polar phase (e.g. water or brine), and eventually some small amount of organic phase, contacts the reservoir formation and solubilizes the non-polar material encountered in the porous media. The microemulsions are effective for removing the formation damage caused by non-polar materials which include, but are not necessarily limited to oil-based mud, synthetic-based mud, paraffins, asphaltenes, emulsions, slugs, and combinations thereof.

    摘要翻译： 单相微乳液（SPME）和原位形成的微乳液可用于从油气井油藏生产区清理和除去非极性物质。 当处理流体接触非极性材料时，通过将非极性材料溶解到微乳液中来进行清洁。 当一种或多种表面活性剂和极性相（例如水或盐水）和最终少量的有机相接触储层形成并​​溶解在多孔介质中遇到的非极性材料时，可以形成原位微乳液。 微乳液对于去除由非极性材料引起的地层损伤是有效的，其包括但不一定限于油基泥浆，合成基泥浆，石蜡，沥青质，乳液，s块及其组合。