Abstract:
A defect assessing apparatus and method and a semiconductor manufacturing method for revealing the relationship between the size and depth of defects is disclosed. A detecting optical system is provided for detecting the intensity of scattered light from a defect generated by the shorter wavelength one of the light rays of at least two different wavelengths emitted from irradiating optical systems and that of scattered light from the defect generated by the longer wavelength one of same. A calculating means is provided for determining, from the scattered light intensity derived from the shorter wavelength ray and that derived form the longer wavelength ray, both detected by the detecting optical system, a value corresponding to the defect size and another value corresponding to the defect depth. A display means is provided for displaying a distribution revealing the relationship between defect size and defect depth on the basis of the value corresponding to the defect size and the value corresponding to the defect depth, both determined by the calculating means.
Abstract:
A wristband with an internal antenna for a wristwatch-receiver has first and second band portions each adapted for coupling at first ends thereof to a receiver housing and an adjustable clasp for coupling opposed, second ends thereof to one another to encircle a wearer's wrist. The band portions include conductive metal strips within an insulative covering and mechanically and electrically coupled at one end to the receiver housing. The clasp is adjustably positioned on one band portion and includes a clampable/releasable conductive protrusion for electrically contacting segments of the metal strip exposed through openings in a portion of the insulative covering to form a continuous conductive loop within the wristband. The inner side of the band has a grid pattern of transverse and longitudinal ridges.
Abstract:
A method wherein the requirement for the amplitude of the oscillating gradient magnetic field is relaxed by reconstructing an image while using simultaneously echoes S.sub.p (k.sub.x, y) produced in the case where the positive oscillating gradient magnetic field is applied to the object to be tested and echoes S.sub.N (k.sub.x, y) produced in the case where the negative is applied thereto, i.e. by using data points on segments of a trajectory of data points ascending from left to right in the spatial frequency domain and those on segments of a trajectory of data points ascending from right to left. That is, the image M(x, y) is obtained by Fourier-transforming at first the echoes S.sub.p (k.sub.x, k.sub.y) and S.sub.N (k.sub.x, k.sub.y) with respect to k.sub.y, multiplying complex numbers a.sub.1 and a.sub.2 to g.sub.p (k.sub.x, y) and g.sub.N (k.sub.x, y) obtained by this transformation; adding the results thus obtained, i.e. forming g(k.sub.x, y)=a.sub.1 g.sub.p (k.sub.x, y)+a.sub.2 g.sub.N (k.sub.x, y); and finally Fourier-transforming this g(k.sub.x, y) with respect to k.sub.x.
Abstract:
An NMR spectroscopic imaging method of obtaining separate spin distribution images for respective spectral components of the spectrum of an NMR signal caused by the chemical shift of nuclides of interest in an object includes providing for a transversal magnetization signal of the object placed in a static magnetic field. A position of the signal in a phase domain is translated in a K-space from the origin thereof. Further, the signal is sampled while rotating a position of the signal in the K-space plural times on a certain circle in the K-space by applying a rotating field gradient, thereby to obtain a group of signal data. Signal data trains each of which is composed of signal data present at the same position on the K-space in the signal data group obtained by the sampling during the plural signal rotations, is subjected to Fourier transformations, respectively, thereby effecting a spectral analysis of the NMR signal.
Abstract:
A switch is comprised of at least one leaf-like springy fixed contact, a movable contact, a supporting member for supporting the fixed contact and a positioning member for positioning the free end of the fixed contact. The leaf-like fixed contact is fixed by the supporting member at a position close to one end of the fixed contact, and is biased by the positioning member at a position close to the other end. Thus, the free end of the leaf-like springy fixed contact is placed at a position by its function of urging the positioning member.
Abstract:
A technique of forming an asymmetric pattern by using a phase shift mask, and further, techniques of manufacturing a diffraction grating and a semiconductor device, capable of improving accuracy of a product and capable of shortening manufacturing time. In a method of manufacturing a diffraction grating by using a phase shift mask (in which a light shield part and a light transmission part are periodically arranged), light emitted from an illumination light source is transmitted through the phase shift mask, and a photoresist on a surface of a Si wafer is exposed by providing interference between zero diffraction order light and positive first diffraction order light which are generated by the transmission through this phase shift mask onto the surface of the Si wafer, and a diffraction grating which has a blazed cross-sectional shape is formed on the Si wafer.
Abstract:
A surface defect inspection apparatus and method for irradiating a beam multiple times to a same region on a surface of an inspection sample, detecting each scattered light from the same region by detection optical systems individually to produce plural signals, and wherein irradiating the beam includes performing a line illumination of the beam on a line illumination region of the sample surface. The line illumination region is moved in a longitudinal direction at a pitch shorter than a length of the line illumination region in the longitudinal direction.
Abstract:
A surface inspection apparatus capable of acquiring scattered light intensity distribution information for each scattering azimuth angle, and detecting foreign matters and defects with high sensitivity. A concave mirror for condensation and another concave mirror for image formation are used to cope with a broad cubic angle. Since mirrors for condensation and image formation are used, a support for clamping the periphery of a lens is unnecessary, and an effective aperture area does not decrease. A plurality of azimuth-wise detection optical systems is disposed and reflected light at all azimuths can be detected by burying the entire periphery without calling for specific lens polishing. A light signal unification unit sums digital data from a particular system corresponding to a scattering azimuth designated in advance in the systems for improving an S/N ratio.
Abstract:
An optical inspection apparatus irradiates a light beam onto the outer surface of an object to be inspected, in the form of an illumination spot having an illumination intensity which is higher in the outer peripheral part of the object to be inspected than in the inner peripheral part thereof while uniformly maintains a temperature rise caused by the irradiation of the light beam, over the outer surface of the object to be inspected, in order to prevent the effective entire signal value of a scattered light signal from lowering, without lowering the linear speed of a movable stage for the object to be inspected in the outer peripheral part of the object to be inspected, thereby it is possible to prevent lowering of the detectability for a foreign matter or a defect, for preventing lowering of inspection throughput.
Abstract:
If an illuminance of a measurement spot is limited in order to prevent heat damage on an article to be inspected, since detection sensitivity and a detection speed are in a relation of trade-off, it is difficult to improve one of them without sacrificing the other or to improve both of them. Also, there is a problem that the detection sensitivity is lowered on an outer circumference portion than on an inner circumference portion of the article to be inspected.A plurality of measurement units comprising an illumination optics, a measurement spot, a collection optics, and a light detection optics are provided, inspection results obtained from the plurality of measurement spots are integrated, and light-amount distribution to each measurement spot is controlled according to a scan radial position.