摘要:
A process for producing a fluorinated ester through a small number of steps, is presented. The process for producing a fluorinated ester, comprises a transesterification step in which RAF—COOCF2—RAF and RA—CH2OH are subjected to a transesterification reaction to obtain RAF—COOCH2—RA, and a fluorination step in which the obtained compound is fluorinated to obtain a reaction product containing RAF—COOCF2—RAF. Here, in the formulae, RA is a monovalent organic group, and RAF is the same group as RA or a monovalent organic group obtained by fluorination of RA.
摘要翻译:提出了通过少量步骤生产氟化酯的方法。 氟化酯的制备方法包括酯交换步骤,其中R AF -OCOCF 2 -R AF和R A A < / O 2 CH 2 OH进行酯交换反应,得到R AF-COOCH 2 -R A A / O >和氟化步骤,其中所得化合物被氟化以获得含有R AF -OCOCF 2 -R AF的反应产物。 这里,在式中,R A A为一价有机基团,R AF为与R A A或单价有机基团相同的基团 通过R A A的氟化获得。
摘要:
A stacked piezoelectric device, which is inexpensive and excellent in electric transmission efficiency and little deterioration of strength of an internal electrode layer, is provided by having an internal electrode layer containing not less than 50 percent by weight of Cu element, and not more than 5 percent of a pore occurrence expressed by (B/A)×100 (%) wherein A is an area of an interface between the internal electrode layer and the piezoelectric layer and B is a sum of areas of pores which appear in the interface and have a diameter of not less than 0.1 micrometers. Preferably, a surface roughness Ra of the interface of the piezoelectric layer contacting the internal electrode layer is not more than 0.5 C (μm) wherein C is a thickness of the internal electrode layer in micrometers. The piezoelectric material constituting the piezoelectric layer preferably comprises PZT which is a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based oxide having a perovskite structure.
摘要:
A light-controlled light modulator can achieve high-speed, low-loss wavelength conversion. Continuous light with a wavelength λj is launched into an MMI coupler via a port, and is split into two parts by the MMI coupler, which are led to a loop-type interferometer. In the loop-type interferometer, the two parts travel separately around the loop as clockwise traveling light and counterclockwise traveling light, are combined by the MMI coupler again via a filter-equipped phase modulator, thereby being emitted to the port. In this state, signal light λi(s) with a wavelength λi is launched into the filter-equipped phase modulator via a port. Even when the wavelength λi of the signal light λi(s) is equal to the wavelength λj of the wavelength converted output light, the wavelength conversion can be achieved with preventing noise from being mixed into the output light emitted from a port.
摘要:
Coated moldings coated, on surfaces of moldings, with paint constituted of a thermoplastic resin having affinity for a thermoplastic resin used as a main constituent of the moldings. Method and apparatus for recycling the coated moldings are also described in which the coated moldings are crushed by means of a crusher and the crushed moldings are molded in a mold to provide fresh moldings, followed by coating, by means of a coating device, the fresh moldings on surfaces thereof with a paint constituted of a thermoplastic resin having affinity for the thermoplastic resin for the moldings.
摘要:
Coated moldings coated, on surfaces of moldings, with paint constituted of a thermoplastic resin having affinity for a thermoplastic resin used as a main constituent of the moldings. Method and apparatus for recycling the coated moldings are also described in which the coated moldings are crushed by means of a crusher and the crushed moldings are molded in a mold to provide fresh moldings, followed by coating, by means of a coating device, the fresh moldings on surfaces thereof with a paint constituted of a thermoplastic resin having affinity for the thermoplastic resin for the moldings.
摘要:
A projecting portion, which projects from an outer surface of a bore portion, integrally has a full open stopper and a full close stopper. The full open stopper locks a throttle lever when a throttle valve is fully opened. The full close stopper locks the throttle lever when the throttle valve is fully closed. Moreover, the projecting portion has reinforcing rib portions for reinforcing the full open stopper and the full close stopper. Accordingly, the strength of the full open stopper and that of the close stopper are recovered each other, so that both stoppers can be downsized.
摘要:
A method of recycling a molded resin consisting mainly of a thermoplastic resin which comprises adding as a recycle aid agent a rubber-like material (material) which is compatible with the thermoplastic resin as the main component of the molded resin, is moldable after having been mixed with the resin, and has the property of improving impact strength. By this method, impact strength and flame retardancy are recovered or improved.
摘要:
The reference position is determined, by using a test piece, for optically detecting the orientation of a component such as a chip for use in placement apparatus such as a chip mounter. Light is emitted from a light source toward a light sensor to cast a shadow of the test piece onto the light sensor. A first position of an end of the shadow when the pick-up device rotates at a first angle, a second position of the other end of the shadow when the pick-up device rotates at a second angle, and a third position of either end of the shadow when the pick-up device rotates at a predetermined third angle, are detected on the light sensor. Accordingly, the positional relationship of the light source, the light sensor, and the pick-up device is determined as a reference position, based on the positional data.
摘要:
A waterproof protective cover including an identifying portion which is capable of identifying a predetermined position in a chamber for receiving a connection part of electric wires in an insertion direction. The identifying portion is formed outside a side wall of either upper casing member or lower casing member. By taking advantage of the identifying portion, the connection part of electric wires can be positioned at a predetermined position in a chamber defined by the upper and lower casing members. Moreover, the chamber for receiving the connection part of electric wires has no change in a capacity thereof, so that a filling amount of the sealant is not reduced; therefore, sealing performance can be improved.
摘要:
A magnetic clutch includes a rotor and an armature facing to each other for establishing a coupling connection. A serpentine magnetic circuit is formed in the rotor and the armature. A method for manufacturing a rotor of a magnetic clutch of the invention comprises the step of deforming a single ring-shaped plate of a magnetic material, by a plastic deformation process such as cold forging, into a ring-shaped element comprising generally concentric inner and outer cylindrical walls, and a ring-shaped bottom wall. Prior to or after or simultaneously with this step, ring grooves are formed on the bottom wall. A nonmagnetic material is then filled in the ring grooves, and the bottom surface of the bottom wall is cut to form a friction surface. By this cutting, the nonmagnetic material is exposed at the friction surface.