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公开(公告)号：US4016852A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-12
申请号：US603356
申请日：1975-08-11
CPC分类号： F02M1/10 , F02D17/04 , Y10S123/11
摘要： An apparatus to prevent after-burning, after the ignition key switch is turned off, in an internal combustion engine which is being warmed up, in which condition the choke valve is closed and the throttle valve is opened to a greater extent than during normal idling. The apparatus includes a pressure responsive actuator which, when activated, causes opening of the choke valve and/or closing of the throttle valve. The actuator is controlled by a switching valve which permits the actuator to be interconnected to either the open air or the air intake manifold at a location downstream of the throttle valve. When the igniton key switch is moved into an off or open position, the switching valve connects the actuator to the intake manifold to thereby actuate the actuator so that one or both of the throttle and control valves are appropriately moved.
摘要翻译： 在正在加热的内燃机中，在点火钥匙开关关闭之后防止后燃烧的装置，其中阻塞阀关闭并且节气门比正常空转期间更大程度地打开 。 该装置包括压力响应致动器，其在被启动时引起阻塞阀的打开和/或关闭节流阀。 致动器由切换阀控制，其允许致动器在节流阀下游的位置处与露天空气或进气歧管相互连接。 当点火钥匙开关移动到关闭或打开位置时，切换阀将致动器连接到进气歧管，从而致动致动器，使得节气门和控制阀中的一个或两个适当地移动。
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公开(公告)号：US09417326B2
公开(公告)日：2016-08-16
申请号：US13376336
申请日：2010-06-18
CPC分类号： G01S17/89 , G01S7/4814 , G01S7/4816 , G01S7/4818 , G01S7/4863 , G01S7/487 , G01S7/489 , G01S7/497 , G01S17/10
摘要： An optical rangefinder based on time-of-flight measurement, radiates pulsed light toward an object (70), and receives reflected light from the object, the receiver operating in a photon counting mode, so as to generate a pulse for a detected photon. There is a variable probability of a photon detection on the receiver, and a controller (370, 380, 390; 365, 470, 475, 380, 390; 570, 580, 590, 390) controls the photon detection probability of the receiver, based on a light level. By controlling the detection probability according to a light level, the receiver can have an increased dynamic range, and without the expense of using optical components. This can apply even while detecting very weak signals since the receiver can still be in a photon counting mode while the detection probability is controlled. The light level can be indicated by an output of the receiver itself, or by another detector external to the receiver.
摘要翻译： 基于飞行时间测量的光学测距器将朝向物体（70）的脉冲光辐射，并且接收来自物体的反射光，接收器以光子计数模式工作，以产生检测到的光子的脉冲。 在接收机上存在光子检测的可能概率，并且控制器（370,380,390; 365,470,475,380,390; 570,580,590,390）控制接收机的光子检测概率， 基于光照水平。 通过根据光级控制检测概率，接收机可以具有增加的动态范围，并且不需要使用光学部件的费用。 即使在检测到非常弱的信号的同时也可以应用，因为接收机仍然可以处于光子计数模式，同时控制检测概率。 光电平可以由接收器本身的输出或由接收器外部的另一个检测器指示。
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公开(公告)号：US08417021B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-09
申请号：US12089140
申请日：2006-10-12
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/579 , G06T7/557 , G06T7/586 , G06T2207/10021 , G06T2207/30264
摘要： We describe methods of characterizing a set of images to determine their respective illumination, for example for recovering the 3D shape of an illuminated object. The method comprises: inputting a first set of images of the object captured from different positions; determining frontier point data from the images, this defining a plurality of frontier points on the object and for each said frontier point a direction of a normal to the surface of the object at the frontier point, and determining data defining the image capture positions; inputting a second set of images of said object, having substantially the same viewpoint and different illumination conditions; and characterizing the second set of images said frontier point data to determine data comprising object reflectance parameter data (β) and, for each image of said second set, illumination data (L) comprising data defining an illumination direction and illumination intensity for the image.
摘要翻译： 我们描述表征一组图像的方法以确定它们各自的照明，例如用于恢复被照亮物体的3D形状。 该方法包括：输入从不同位置捕获的对象的第一组图像; 确定来自图像的边界点数据，其定义对象上的多个边界点，并为每个所述前沿点定义在边界点处的对象的表面的法线方向，以及确定定义图像捕获位置的数据; 输入所述对象的第二组图像，具有基本上相同的视点和不同的照明条件; 并且表征所述第二组图像，所述边界点数据以确定包括对象反射参数数据（＆bgr）的数据，并且对于所述第二组的每个图像，包括限定图像的照明方向和照明强度的数据的照明数据（L） 。
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公开(公告)号：US08165401B2
公开(公告)日：2012-04-24
申请号：US12298879
申请日：2007-04-30
IPC分类号： G06K9/46
CPC分类号： G06K9/4671 , G06K9/4614 , G06K9/56
摘要： Methods and apparatus for operating on images are described, in particular methods and apparatus for interest point detection and/or description working under different scales and with different rotations, e.g. for scale-invariant and rotation-invariant interest point detection and/or description. The present invention can provide improved or alternative apparatus and methods for matching interest points either in the same image or in a different image. The present invention can provide alternative or improved software for implementing any of the methods of the invention. The present invention can provide alternative or improved data structures created by multiple filtering operations to generate a plurality of filtered images as well as data structures for storing the filtered images themselves, e.g. as stored in memory or transmitted through a network. The present invention can provide alternative or improved data structures including descriptors of interest points in images, e.g. as stored in memory or transmitted through a network as well as data structures associating such descriptors with an original copy of the image or an image derived therefrom, e.g. a thumbnail image.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于在图像上操作的方法和装置，特别是用于在不同尺度和不同旋转下进行兴趣点检测和/或描述的方法和装置，例如， 用于尺度不变和旋转不变的兴趣点检测和/或描述。 本发明可以提供用于在相同图像或不同图像中匹配兴趣点的改进的或替代的装置和方法。 本发明可以提供用于实现本发明的任何方法的替代或改进的软件。 本发明可以提供通过多次滤波操作产生的替代或改进的数据结构，以产生多个滤波图像，以及用于存储滤波图像本身的数据结构，例如， 存储在存储器中或通过网络传输。 本发明可以提供替代或改进的数据结构，包括图像中的兴趣点的描述符，例如。 如存储在存储器中或通过网络传输的数据结构，以及将这样的描述符与图像的原始副本或从其导出的图像相关联的数据结构。 缩略图。
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公开(公告)号：US20100235145A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-16
申请号：US12675650
申请日：2008-08-28
申请人： Luca Ascari , Ulisse Bertocchi , Paolo Corradi , Cecilia Laschi , Paolo Dario , Jonas Ambeck-Madsen , Hiromichi Yanagihara
发明人： Luca Ascari , Ulisse Bertocchi , Paolo Corradi , Cecilia Laschi , Paolo Dario , Jonas Ambeck-Madsen , Hiromichi Yanagihara
CPC分类号： B25J13/083 , B25J9/1612 , G05B2219/39505
摘要： A method (400) of processing signal outputs of a plurality of topologically distinct sensors in response to stimuli is described. The method comprises obtaining (402) a plurality of temporal sensor outputs in parallel. Thereafter, features are extracted (406), the features having dynamic behavior pattern. The extraction is performed in a topology consistent way by arithmetic processing in parallel of neighboring temporal sensor outputs. Furthermore, a quality of the extracted features is being determined.
摘要翻译： 描述了响应于刺激处理多个拓扑不同的传感器的信号输出的方法（400）。 该方法包括并行地获得（402）多个时间传感器输出。 此后，提取特征（406），特征具有动态行为模式。 通过相邻时间传感器输出并行的算术处理，以拓扑一致的方式执行提取。 此外，正在确定提取的特征的质量。
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公开(公告)号：US6006720A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US5883
申请日：1998-01-12
申请人： Hiromichi Yanagihara , Yasuo Sato
发明人： Hiromichi Yanagihara , Yasuo Sato
IPC分类号： F02B1/14 , F02B3/06 , F02B3/08 , F02B11/00 , F02B23/10 , F02D41/04 , F02D41/34 , F02D41/40 , F02M63/00
CPC分类号： F02B3/08 , F02B2275/14 , F02B23/101 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/123
摘要： An internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector arranged in a combustion chamber. A fuel is injected at a timing when the temperature T of the fuel particles fed into the combustion chamber rises past the vicinity of a minimum temperature of a cool flame region during a compression stroke and reaches a reaction stagnation region near the top dead center of the compression stroke and the fuel particles are dispersed throughout the combustion chamber as a whole near the top dead center of the compression stroke.
摘要翻译： 一种内燃机，包括布置在燃烧室中的燃料喷射器。 在进入燃烧室的燃料粒子的温度T在压缩行程中上升到超过冷焰区域的最低温度附近的时刻，燃料被喷射，并且到达靠近燃烧室的上止点附近的反应停滞区域 压缩行程和燃料颗粒整体在压缩行程的上止点附近分散在整个燃烧室内。
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公开(公告)号：US5516277A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-14
申请号：US330620
申请日：1994-10-28
IPC分类号： F01N3/02 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/02 , F01N3/00 , F01N3/08 , F02B1/04 , F02B3/06 , F23C99/00 , F23B7/00
摘要： A process for burning fuel includes the following steps: burning a fuel; putting an inner shell formed in a course of soot formation into contact with other components in a combustion gas to promote a chemical reaction of the other components in the combustion gas prior to the formation of an outer shell; and at the same time, inhibiting the formation of the outer shell around the inner shell. By this process, the discharged NO.sub.x gas is reduced and the amount of discharged soot is decreased.
摘要翻译： 燃烧燃料的方法包括以下步骤：燃烧燃料; 将形成在烟灰形成过程中的内壳与燃烧气体中的其它组分接触以促进形成外壳之前燃烧气体中的其它组分的化学反应; 并且同时抑制外壳围绕内壳的形成。 通过该处理，排出的NOx气体减少，排出的烟灰量减少。
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公开(公告)号：US5125235A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-30
申请号：US535717
申请日：1990-06-11
申请人： Hiromichi Yanagihara , Teruo Kumai , Taiichi Mori
发明人： Hiromichi Yanagihara , Teruo Kumai , Taiichi Mori
CPC分类号： F02D41/0007 , F02D23/02 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A turbocharged internal combustion engine for a spark ignition internal combustion engine using gasoline as the fuel is disclosed. An intake system is constructed for the generation of a homogeneous flow of the intake air. The turbocharger is constructed to obtain a ratio of a pressure at the output to the pressure at the input higher than at least 1.5. A lean combustible mixture is obtained at a high engine load or engine speed area whereat the turbocharger can obtain a full supercharging ability. A relationship between the degree of supercharging is such that the larger that value of the air-fuel ratio, the higher the intake pressure. A high fuel consumption efficiency is obtained while preventing an excessive increase of the exhaust gas temperature.
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公开(公告)号：US4114569A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-19
申请号：US802909
申请日：1977-06-02
CPC分类号： F02B19/12 , F02B19/1004 , F02B19/108 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/125
摘要： Disclosed is an internal combustion engine comprising a main chamber and an auxiliary chamber which are interconnected with each other via a connecting passage. An annular raised portion is formed on the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber, and the auxiliary chamber is divided into a first auxiliary chamber and a second auxiliary chamber by the annular raised portion so that the second auxiliary chamber has a volume of 20 through 40 percent relative to the volume of the first auxiliary chamber. The connecting passage is tangentially connected to the inner wall of the second auxiliary chamber. The nozzle of a fuel injector is disposed in the auxiliary chamber and is directed to the recess which is formed in the second auxiliary chamber beneath the annular raised portion at a position located opposite to the inner wall to which the connecting passage is tangentially connected with respect to the axis of the auxiliary chamber so that 30 through 40 percent of the total fuel injected from the injector is fed into the first auxiliary chamber, and the remaining 60 through 70 percent of the fuel is fed into the second auxiliary chamber. The spark gap of a spark plug is located in the recess of the second auxiliary chamber.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种内燃机，其包括通过连接通道彼此互连的主室和辅助室。 在辅助室的内壁上形成环形隆起部分，并且辅助室通过环形凸起部分被分成第一辅助室和第二辅助室，使得第二辅助室的体积为20至40％ 相对于第一辅助室的体积。 连接通道切向连接到第二辅助室的内壁。 燃料喷射器的喷嘴设置在辅助室中并且被引导到形成在第二辅助室中的凹部，该凹部在环形凸起部分的下方位于与内壁相对的位置处，连接通道相对于内壁切向连接 相对于辅助室的轴线，使得从喷射器喷射的总燃料的30％至40％被馈送到第一辅助室，并且剩余的60至70％的燃料被馈送到第二辅助室中。 火花塞的火花隙位于第二辅助室的凹部中。
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公开(公告)号：US4114568A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-19
申请号：US799919
申请日：1977-05-24
申请人： Hiromichi Yanagihara , Nobuo Habu
发明人： Hiromichi Yanagihara , Nobuo Habu
CPC分类号： F02B19/12 , F02B19/1004 , F02B19/108 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/125
摘要： Disclosed is an internal combustion engine comprising a main chamber and an auxiliary chamber which are interconnected with each other via a connecting passage. The connecting passage is tangentially connected to the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber. A raised portion is formed on the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber at a position located opposite to the inner wall to which the connecting passage is tangentially connected with respect to the axis of the auxiliary chamber. A recess is formed on the inner wall beneath the raised portion. The nozzle of a fuel injector is directed to the recess so as to form a rich air-fuel mixture therein and to form a rich air fuel mixture in the auxiliary chamber. The spark plug has an electrode mounting end face on which the central electrode and the earthing electrode are mounted. The mounting end of the central electrode is covered by an insulator and is disposed in the periphery of the electrode mounting face end. The spark gap of the spark plug is arranged on the periphery of the electrode mounting end face at a position located opposite to the mounting end of the central electrode. The spark plug is disposed in the auxiliary chamber so that the insulator covering the mounting end of the central electrode is directly exposed to a lean air-fuel mixture swirling in the auxiliary chamber, and the spark gap of the spark plug is located in the recess in which a rich air-fuel mixture is formed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种内燃机，其包括通过连接通道彼此互连的主室和辅助室。 连接通道切向连接到辅助室的内壁。 凸起部分形成在辅助室的内壁上，该位置与内壁相对的位置处，连接通道相对于辅助室的轴线切向连接到该内壁。 在凸起部分下方的内壁上形成凹部。 燃料喷射器的喷嘴被引导到凹部以便在其中形成浓空气 - 燃料混合物并且在辅助室中形成浓空气燃料混合物。 火花塞具有安装中心电极和接地电极的电极安装端面。 中心电极的安装端由绝缘体覆盖，并且设置在电极安装面端部的周边。 火花塞的火花隙位于与中心电极的安装端相对的位置处的电极安装端面的周边。 火花塞设置在辅助室中，使得覆盖中心电极的安装端的绝缘体直接暴露于在辅助室中旋转的稀薄空气 - 燃料混合物，并且火花塞的火花隙位于凹部 其中形成富空燃混合物。
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