摘要:
A clock generator for digital demodulators is disclosed wherein a voltage-controlled oscillator (19) generates clock pulses at controlled frequency and phase in response to error signals from a phase comparator (14) and a frequency comparator (12). The phase error signal represents a phase deviation of the clock from a window pulse which is generated in response to a predetermined transition between binary "1"s and binary "0"s of an input bit stream. The frequency comparator detects a synchronization code in the input bit stream to derive the frequency error signal by counting the number of clock pulses present in the period of the detected synchronization code.
摘要:
In a process for producing an alcohol by hydroformylation comprises reacting a straight chained, branched or alicyclic mono-olefin having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form an alcohol having carbon atoms greater in number by one than the carbon atoms of the mono-olefin, the improvement comprises(a) a fist step in which the mono-olefin is hydroformylated with use of a cobalt catalyst in the presence of a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a high temperature under high pressure to selectively form an aldehyde at a conversion of the mono-olefin being from 50 to 95 mol % while suppressing the formation of an alcohol, and the cobalt catalyst is then removed from the unreacted olefin and the formed aldehyde by decomposition or extraction, and(b) a second step in which the mixture of the unreacted mono-olefin and the formed aldehyde freed from the cobalt catalyst in the first step is reacted with a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with use of a cobalt organophophine complex catalyst at a high temperature under high pressure thereby simultaneously hydroformylating the unreacted mono-olefin and hydrogenating the aldehyde to form the alcohol.
摘要:
A method of removing slag or like scum from the surface of molten metal by suction. A tubular gaseous stream directed toward the surface of scum is formed, with its interior space communicating with a suction source such as an ejector or vacuum pump. The gaseous stream hampers the inflow of external air into the suction zone surrounded by the stream. On reaching the scum surface, the gaseous stream flows inward along the scum surface and is thereafter drawn toward the suction source, so that the stream acts to blow the scum radially inwardly of the stream and thereafter raises the scum from the surface of molten metal, thus permitting efficient removal of the scum with a relatively low suction. A scum removing apparatus for practicing this method includes a suction source, a suction head communicating with the suction source, and annular nozzle means provided around the suction head for forming a tubular gaseous stream flowing toward the surface of scum.
摘要:
A wavelength selective polarization controller capable of controlling the polarization plane of optical wavelength multiplexing signals, for each wavelength component, and which does not generate time lag between each component is provided. This wavelength selective polarization controller has: a telecentric optical system to which optical wavelength multiplexing signals are incident; a polarization controller that controls the polarization plane of light output from the telecentric optical system; and an output optical system for outputting to an optical path output from the polarization controller. The telecentric optical system has: a first diffraction grating to which the optical wavelength multiplexing signals are incident; and a first condenser that condenses the optical wavelength multiplexing signals that have passed through the diffraction grating. The polarization controller has a plurality of phase modulators.
摘要:
An electrical connector to be connected to a flat conductive member includes a housing including an upper wall and a lower wall; a terminal including a contact portion for contacting with the flat conductive member; and an engaging protrusion for engaging the flat conductive member. The housing further includes a receptacle portion between the upper wall and the lower wall for receiving the flat conductive member. The upper wall includes a cut portion. The engaging protrusion is situated under the cut portion, so that an edge portion of the flat conductive member moves over the engaging protrusion and deforms into the cut portion when the flat conductive member is inserted into the receptacle portion.
摘要:
In a process for microprocessing a synthetic quartz glass substrate by wet etching, an organic coating layer of silane or silazane is formed on the substrate, and a photoresist film is formed on the organic coating layer, prior to the wet etching.
摘要:
A planographic printing plate packing box that can help solve problems regarding cost reduction and management adaptability to multiple product types, and a planographic printing plate packing structure using the planographic printing plate packing box is to be provided without damaging the coat of the planographic printing plate. It is a is planographic printing plate packing box (30), formed by folding one or more corrugated fiberboards, is a packing box for fitting inside and packing a stacked object (20) of planographic printing plates. Side end portions of corrugated fiberboards are folded, and sides (44T) and (48T) at the tips of end side portions are so arranged as to oppose a side of the stacked object, and the sides of the tips of end side portions and the side of the stacked object are at least as close to parallelism as 30 degrees.
摘要:
A tunable laser is provided, including: a multiple ring resonator that is formed by coupling ring resonant elements having different optical path length from each other; an input/output-side waveguide connected to one of the ring resonant elements; a reflection-side wave guide connected to another one of the ring resonant elements; a PLC substrate on which the multiple ring resonator, the input/output side waveguide, and the reflection-side waveguide are formed; a high reflection film provided to the reflection-side waveguide; an SOA connected to the input/output-side waveguide; film heaters and a phase control region of the SOA for changing the resonant wavelength of the multiple ring resonator; and a light-receiving element for detecting the resonant wavelength of the multiple ring resonator in a thru port of a directional coupler.
摘要:
A light-emitting element includes a light amplification unit and an external resonator. The light amplification unit has a function of amplifying light. The external resonator is connected to the light amplification unit. The external resonator includes a planar light waveguide and a stress application unit. The planar light waveguide is arranged inside the external resonator. The stress application unit applies stress directly or indirectly to at least a partial region of the planar light waveguide.
摘要:
An inverter apparatus is composed of an insulated metal substrate, a conductive stud, a printed circuit board, a conductive spacer, and a bus bar. An inverter output stage is mounted on the insulated metal substrate. The conductive stud is coupled to a main surface of the insulated metal substrate, and electrically connected with the inverter output stage. The printed circuit board is supported by the stud. The stud is coupled on the rear surface of the printed circuit board. Provided on the main surface of the printed circuit board is a circuit connected to the inverter output stage. The conductive spacer is coupled on the main surface of the printed circuit board, and electrically connected with the stud. The bus bar is coupled to the spacer.