摘要:
The process begins with separate device wafers having complimentary chips. Thin metal capture pads, having a preferred thickness of about 10 microns so that substantial pressure may be applied during processing without damaging capture pads, are deposited on both device wafers, which are then tested and mapped for good chip sites. A handle wafer is attached to one device wafer, which can then be thinned to improve via etching and filling. Capture pads are removed and replaced after thinning. The device wafer with handle wafer is diced, and good chips with attached portions of the diced handle wafer are positioned and bonded to the good chip sites of the other device wafer, and the handle wafer portions are removed. The device wafer having known good 3-D chips then undergoes final processing.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for predicting an optimum transmission frame size in a wireless computer network. The method comprises assessing transmission channel quality in the network, calculating an optimum length for the transmission frame, adjusting the length of the transmission frame to the predicted optimum length, transmitting the frame at its adjusted length and assessing the quality of the transmission of the frame. Prediction of the optimum frame size employs a Kalman filter which employs the parameters of bit error rate and random processing noise in the calculation of the predicted optimum frame length.
摘要:
A process for mutual authentication of users and networks over an unsecured wireless communication channel. In one embodiment, sensitive information (e.g., passwords) is not communicated over the unsecured channel. Rather, hashed representations of user identifiers, passwords, etc., and randomly generated numbers are communicated between the client and the network during the log-in process. The representations may be encrypted with a one-way hash function such that it is not computationally feasible for an eavesdropper to decrypt. In one embodiment, the representation may be generated based on the user identifier, password and/or MAC address of a wireless LAN card.
摘要:
Grey scale linearity and power efficiency in active matrix (O) LEDs are enhanced by storing the grey value in a memory circuit, coupled to an adjusting circuit, preferably via a current mirror.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method and system for performing an authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol over a network where the communicating parties share a secret key with a third party. In one embodiment, the network is a wireless network, wherein a wireless client electronic system (WC) and a network access point electronic system (AP) are the parties executing the authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol. In this embodiment, the WC and the AP exchange a shared secret key for encrypting wireless communications between the wireless client electronic system and the network access point electronic system. In one embodiment, the WC shares a first secret key with a RADIUS server of the network. Similarly, the AP shares a second secret key with the RADIUS server of the network. The first and second secret keys are utilized for performing an authentication protocol.
摘要:
Fluid element device including fluid elements arranged in a matrix configuration having rows and columns with the level of fluid in each fluid element being controllable by electric force. The fluid elements include capillary tubes having electrode segments electrically insulated from one another such that each segments is receivable of a different voltage. A first voltage delivery circuit applies voltage to selected fluid elements in one or more rows of fluid elements and a second voltage delivery circuit applies voltage to selected fluid elements in one or more columns of fluid elements. The fluid level rises in the selected fluid elements to which voltage is applied by both the first and second voltage delivery circuits. The capillary tubes are structured and arranged such that the level of fluid in the selected elements can be retained independent of the application of voltage by the first and second voltage delivery circuits.
摘要:
An X-ray apparatus with an X-ray source for producing a beam of X-rays, an X-ray detector for detecting the beam, and an X-ray filter with filter elements. The X-ray filter is arranged between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to attenuate the X-ray beam in each independent filter element individually. Each filter element can receive a liquid which is electrically conductive and X-ray absorbing, and is supplied via a transport channel, the X-ray absorptivity of each filter element being discretely adjustable by step-wise adjustment of the level of the liquid in each filter element. Each filter element includes a first electrode which is located in the wall of the filter element, on top of a substrate layer for applying an electric potential to the wall of the filter element. A second electric potential is applied to the liquid via a second electrode. Th first electrode is segmented in the longitudinal direction z of the filter element in order to achieve reproducible, step-wise filling of the filter element with the X-ray absorption liquid.
摘要:
An opto-electrical device is provided that comprises a cover (10), a barrier structure (20), an opto-electrical structure (30) and a plurality of transverse electrical conductors (40). Therein—the cover (10) includes a metal foil (12) and a patterned electrically conductive layer (14) carried by and electrically insulated from the metal foil,—the opto-electrical structure (30) is sandwiched between the cover (10) and the barrier structure (20), wherein the opto-electrical structure (30) comprises at least an opto-electrical layer (32) and a transparent electrically conductive layer (34), the opto-electrical structure having a first main surface (31) facing towards the cover (10),—the plurality of transverse electrical conductors (40) extend from the metal foil (12) or the patterned electrically conductive layer (14) of the cover (10) through the at least one opto-electrical layer (32) to said transparent electrically conductive layer (34),—the cover (10) extends beyond said first main surface (31) of the opto-electrical structure (30).
摘要:
An electroluminescent device (9) for emitting light (7) whose color point is able to be set variably, comprising at least two electroluminescent regions (41, 42) that, to allow the same operating voltage to be applied, are arranged to be connected in parallel electrically, wherein the electroluminescent regions (41, 42) comprise—at least one first electroluminescent region (41) of a first electroluminescent material for emitting light in a first spectral band in accordance with a first luminance vs. voltage characteristic (81), and—at least one second electroluminescent region (42) of a second electroluminescent material for emitting light in a second spectral band that is not the same as the first spectral band, in accordance with a second luminance vs. voltage characteristic (82) that is not the same as the first luminance vs. voltage characteristic (81).
摘要:
The invention is directed to a nanosieve composite membrane, a method for preparing a nanosieve composite membrane, a roll-to-roll apparatus for carrying out the method, and a method for separating a feed flow with particulate matter. The nanosieve composite of the invention comprises an inorganic nanosieve layer supported on a porous polymer membrane substrate and a metallic adhesion layer or underlayer between the inorganic nanosieve layer and the polymer substrate, wherein said polymer membrane comprises an inorganic coating such that the polymeric support is sandwiched between the inorganic coating and the inorganic sieve layer, and wherein said inorganic nanosieve layer has an average pore diameter as determined by scanning electron microscopy of 200 nm or less.