公开(公告)号：US08178738B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-15

申请号：US12391063

申请日：2009-02-23

Applicant: James Butler

Inventor： James Butler

IPC: C07C5/333

CPC classification number: C07C5/3332 ,  B01J23/78 ,  C07C2523/745 ,  C07C15/46

Abstract: Methods and systems for extending the life of a dehydrogenation catalyst are described herein. For example, one embodiment includes providing an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon feed stream to a reaction chamber, contacting the feed stream with a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, the dehydrogenation catalyst including iron oxide and an alkali metal catalysis promoter and supplying a catalyst life extender to at least one reaction chamber, the reaction chamber loaded with the dehydrogenation catalyst, wherein the catalyst life extender includes a potassium salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了用于延长脱氢催化剂寿命的方法和系统。 例如，一个实施方案包括向反应室提供烷基芳族烃进料流，使进料流与脱氢催化剂接触以形成乙烯基芳族烃，脱氢催化剂包括氧化铁和碱金属催化促进剂并提供催化剂寿命 延伸至至少一个反应室，反应室装载有脱氢催化剂，其中催化剂生命延长剂包括羧酸的钾盐。

公开(公告)号：US20100331174A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-30

申请号：US12494088

申请日：2009-06-29

Applicant: Sivadinarayana Chinta ,  Joseph Thorman ,  James Butler

Inventor： Sivadinarayana Chinta ,  Joseph Thorman ,  James Butler

IPC: B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/02

CPC classification number: B01J23/04 ,  B01J23/002 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/36 ,  B01J2523/00 ,  C07C2/84 ,  C07C2521/10 ,  C07C2523/02 ,  C07C2523/04 ,  C07C2523/10 ,  C07C2523/36 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  C07C15/073 ,  C07C15/46 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C9/06 ,  B01J2523/22 ,  B01J2523/23 ,  B01J2523/3706 ,  B01J2523/24 ,  B01J2523/12 ,  B01J2523/15 ,  B01J2523/74

Abstract: A catalyst includes: (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract translation: 催化剂包括：（A）选自镧系元素，Mg，Ca和元素周期表第4族元素中的至少一种元素（Ti，Zr和Hf）; （B）选自Li，Na，K，Rb，Cs的第1族元素和第3族元素（包括La和Ac）和元素周期表第5-15族中的至少一种元素; （C）选自Li，Na，K，Rb，Cs族元素和元素Ca，Sr和Ba中的至少一种元素; 和（D）氧气。

公开(公告)号：US20070016665A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-18

申请号：US11423480

申请日：2006-06-12

Applicant: James Butler

Inventor： James Butler

IPC: G06F15/173

CPC classification number: G06Q30/06

Abstract: A system for providing granular functionality called web services to commercial customers includes among other things a client to issue service requests and receive responses, a web server configured to accept and process service requests, and a means of accounting for usage. The current art specifies standards for functional interactions between web service clients and servers. A set of commercial extensions are defined herein to enable maintenance interactions. This “maintenance protocol” includes operations such as client software that is self-updating in response to server changes and the capability of reconciling client usage logs with service provider invoicing.

Abstract translation: 用于向商业客户提供称为Web服务的粒度功能的系统包括发布服务请求和接收响应的客户端，被配置为接受和处理服务请求的web服务器以及对使用进行计费的手段。 当前的艺术指定了Web服务客户机和服务器之间的功能交互的标准。 这里定义了一组商业扩展，以实现维护交互。 这种“维护协议”包括诸如响应于服务器改变而自我更新的客户端软件和将客户端使用日志与服务提供商开具发票协调的能力的操作。

公开(公告)号：US20060194994A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-31

申请号：US11066951

申请日：2005-02-25

Applicant: James Butler ,  Kevin Kelly

Inventor： James Butler ,  Kevin Kelly

IPC: C07C2/68

CPC classification number: C07C2/66 ,  C07C6/126 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  C07C15/073

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylbenzene by the ethylation of benzene in the critical phase in a reaction zone containing a molecular sieve aromatic alkylation catalyst comprising cerium-promoted zeolite beta. A polyethylbenzene is supplied into the reaction zone and into contact with the cerium-promoted zeolite beta having a silica/alumina mole ratio within the range of 20-500. The reaction zone is operated at temperature and pressure conditions in which benzene is in the supercritical phase to cause ethylation of the benzene and the transalkylation of polyethylbenzene and benzene in the presence of the zeolite beta catalyst. An alkylation product is produced containing ethylbenzene as a primary product with the attendant production of heavier alkylated byproducts of no more than 60 wt. % of the ethylbenzene. The alkylation reaction zone is operated under conditions providing a composite byproduct yield of propyl benzene and butyl benzene relative to ethylbenzene, which is no more than one half of the corresponding yield byproduct for zeolite beta promoted with lanthanum. The production of ethylbenzene in the critical phase alkylation reaction zone is attended by recycle of a polyalkylated aromatic component of the reaction product back to the reaction zone.

Abstract translation: 在包含铈促进沸石β的分子筛芳族烷基化催化剂的反应区中通过苯在临界阶段乙苯化生产乙苯的方法。 将聚乙苯供入反应区并与二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比在20-500范围内的铈促进沸石β接触。 反应区在苯处于超临界阶段的温度和压力条件下进行，以在沸石β催化剂存在下引起苯的乙基化和多乙基苯和苯的烷基转移。 生产含有乙苯作为主要产物的烷基化产物，伴随产生不超过60重量％的较重烷基化副产物。 ％的乙苯。 烷基化反应区在相对于乙苯提供丙基苯和丁基苯的复合副产物产率的条件下操作，其不超过用镧促进的沸石β的相应产率副产物的一半。 通过将反应产物的多烷基化芳族组分再循环回到反应区，可以在临界相烷基化反应区中生产乙苯。

公开(公告)号：US20060116450A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-01

申请号：US11250665

申请日：2005-10-14

Applicant: Paul Buras ,  William Lee ,  James Butler

Inventor： Paul Buras ,  William Lee ,  James Butler

IPC: E01C7/26

CPC classification number: C08L95/00 ,  C08L9/06 ,  C08L81/04 ,  E01C7/18 ,  C08L2666/08

Abstract: Methods of modifying crude fractions are described herein. The methods generally include blending a crude fraction with an emissions reducing additive to form a modified crude fraction, wherein the modified crude fraction exhibits reduced sulfur emissions. The emissions reducing additive generally includes a dispersion of a metal oxide.

公开(公告)号：US20060111597A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-25

申请号：US11256803

申请日：2005-10-24

Applicant: Kevin Kelly ,  James Butler

Inventor： Kevin Kelly ,  James Butler

IPC: C07C2/68 ,  B01J38/00

CPC classification number: C07F15/025 ,  B01J29/7057 ,  B01J29/90 ,  B01J31/182 ,  B01J38/14 ,  B01J2231/122 ,  B01J2531/0238 ,  B01J2531/842 ,  C07C2/66 ,  C07C2523/10 ,  C07C2529/70 ,  C08F110/02 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  Y10S585/904 ,  C07C15/073 ,  C08F2500/12 ,  C08F2500/04 ,  C08F2500/20 ,  C08F2500/19 ,  C08F2500/17

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of a deactivated zeolite beta catalyst such as rare earth promoted zeolite beta catalyst deactivated in the course of an aromatic alkylation reaction. A zeolite beta conversion catalyst deactivated with the deposition of coke is heated to a temperature in excess of 300° C. in an oxygen-free environment. An oxidative regeneration gas is supplied to the catalyst bed with oxidation of a portion of a relatively porous coke component to produce an exotherm moving through the catalyst bed. At least one of the temperature and oxygen content of the gas is progressively increased to oxidize a porous component of the coke. Regeneration gas is supplied having at least one of an increased oxygen content or increased temperature to oxidize a less porous refractory component of the coke. The regeneration process is completed by passing an inert gas through the catalyst bed at a reduced temperature.

Abstract translation: 在芳族烷基化反应过程中，再生失活的沸石β催化剂如稀土促进沸石β催化剂失活的方法。 在无氧环境中将焦炭沉积失活的沸石β转化催化剂加热至超过300℃的温度。 氧化再生气体被一部分相对多孔的焦炭组分的氧化提供给催化剂床，以产生通过催化剂床移动的放热。 气体的温度和氧气含量中的至少一个逐渐增加以氧化焦炭的多孔组分。 提供再生气体，其具有增加的氧含量或升高的温度中的至少一种以氧化焦炭的较少多孔的耐火成分。 通过使惰性气体在降低的温度下通过催化剂床完成再生过程。

公开(公告)号：US20060004238A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：US11195003

申请日：2005-08-02

Applicant: Kevin Kelly ,  James Butler

Inventor： Kevin Kelly ,  James Butler

IPC: C07C2/68

CPC classification number: B01J29/90 ,  B01J29/7057 ,  B01J38/14 ,  C07C2/66 ,  C07C6/126 ,  C07C2529/08 ,  C07C2529/70 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  C07C15/073

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylbenzene by the ethylation of benzene in the critical phase over a molecular sieve aromatic alkylation catalyst comprising cerium-promoted zeolite beta. An aromatic feedstock having a benzene content of at least 90 wt. % is supplied into a reaction zone and into contact with the cerium-promoted zeolite beta having a silica/alumina mole ratio within the range of 50-150 and a cerium-aluminum ratio of 0.5-1.5. Ethylene is supplied to the alkylation reaction zone in an amount to provide a benzene/ethylene mole ratio of 1-15. The reaction zone is operated at temperature and pressure conditions in which benzene is in the super critical phase to cause ethylation of the benzene in the presence of the cerium zeolite beta alkylation catalyst. An alkylation product is produced containing ethylbenzene as a primary product with the attendant production of heavier alkylated by-products of no more than 60 wt. % of the ethylbenzene. The critical phase alkylation reaction may be followed by the transalkylation of a polyalkylated aromatic component.

Abstract translation: 通过苯在临界相中的乙基化生成乙苯的方法，该分子筛芳族烷基化催化剂包含铈促进沸石β。 苯含量至少为90wt。％的芳族原料。 将％供给到反应区并与二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比在50-150范围内并且铈 - 铝比为0.5-1.5的铈促进沸石β接触。 将乙烯以提供苯/乙烯摩尔比为1-15的量供入烷基化反应区。 反应区在苯处于超临界阶段的温度和压力条件下运行，以在铈沸石β烷基化催化剂存在下引起苯的乙基化。 制备含有乙苯作为主要产物的烷基化产物，伴随产生不超过60重量％的较重烷基化副产物。 ％的乙苯。 临界相烷基化反应之后可以是多烷基化芳族组分的烷基转移。

公开(公告)号：US20050257605A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-24

申请号：US10709704

申请日：2004-05-24

Applicant: Alex Colvin ,  James Butler ,  Thomas Korniski

Inventor： Alex Colvin ,  James Butler ,  Thomas Korniski

IPC: F01N11/00 ,  F02B33/44 ,  G01F1/36 ,  G01F1/40 ,  G01F1/50 ,  G01F1/88 ,  G01M99/00 ,  G01M19/00

CPC classification number: G01F1/88 ,  F01N2390/02 ,  G01F1/36

Abstract: A portable exhaust gas flow sensor includes a tube for coupling to an exhaust pipe of a vehicle. The tube includes a circular flow restricting element to induce a pressure drop based on the exhaust gas flow with an upstream port and a downstream port relative to the flow restricting element connected to a differential pressure transducer. A thermocouple extends through a temperature port to measure exhaust gas temperature flowing through the tube. A processor in communication with the thermocouple and the differential pressure transducer determines the exhaust gas flow based on the differential pressure and the temperature. The circular flow restricting element includes sufficient spaces to resist formation of condensation and minimize added back pressure while providing an accurately measurable pressure drop for flows ranging from idle to full throttle.

Abstract translation: 便携式排气流量传感器包括用于联接到车辆的排气管的管。 该管包括圆形流动限制元件，以相对于连接到差压换能器的流量限制元件的上游端口和下游端口基于废气流引起压力降。 热电偶延伸穿过温度端口，以测量流经管的废气温度。 与热电偶和差压传感器通信的处理器基于差压和温度来确定废气流。 圆形流量限制元件包括足够的空间以防止形成冷凝并最小化附加的背压，同时为从怠速到全节气门的流量提供精确可测量的压降。

公开(公告)号：US06554673B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09917663

申请日：2001-07-31

Applicant: Pehr Pehrsson ,  James Butler

Inventor： Pehr Pehrsson ,  James Butler

IPC: H01J904

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01J1/3044 ,  H01J1/312 ,  H01J9/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01J2201/30446 ,  H01J2201/30457

Abstract: A method for fabricating an electron emitter. This emitter structure may be used to form individual emitters or arrays of emitters. The method is comprised of implanting energetic ions into a diamond lattice to form cones or other continuous regions of damaged diamond. These regions are more electrically conducting than the surrounding diamond lattice, and have locally sharp tips at or near the point of entry of the ion into the diamond. The tips may then also be additionally coated with a layer of a wide band-gap semiconductor. An electrically conducting material may also be placed in proximity to the tips to generate an electric field sufficient to extract electrons from the conducting tips into either the region above the surface, or into the wide band-gap semiconductor layer in contact with the tips. Electrical contact is made to the electrically conducting damage tracks and the electrical circuit may be completed with an electrically conducting material on the surface of the wide band-gap semiconductor or diamond, or in the ambient above the surface of the emitter. The surface of the wideband gap semiconductor or diamond may be chemically modified to enhance the emission of electrons from the surface.

Abstract translation: 一种制造电子发射器的方法。 该发射器结构可以用于形成发射器的单独发射器或阵列。 该方法包括将能量离子注入到金刚石晶格中以形成损坏金刚石的锥体或其它连续区域。 这些区域比周围的金刚石晶格更具导电性，并且在离子进入金刚石的位置处或附近具有局部尖锐的尖端。 然后可以另外涂覆一层宽带隙半导体的尖端。 还可以将导电材料放置在靠近尖端处以产生足以将电子从导电尖端引入到表面上方的区域中的电场，或者与尖端接触的宽带隙半导体层中。 对导电损伤轨道进行电接触，并且电路可以在宽带隙半导体或金刚石的表面上或在发射器表面上的环境中的导电材料完成。 宽带隙半导体或金刚石的表面可以被化学修饰以增强从表面发射电子。

公开(公告)号：US09556083B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-31

申请号：US13212234

申请日：2011-08-18

Applicant: James Butler ,  Xin Xiao ,  Jim Merrill

Inventor： James Butler ,  Xin Xiao ,  Jim Merrill

IPC: C07C2/66 ,  B01J29/06 ,  B01J29/70 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C07C7/12 ,  C07C15/073

CPC classification number: C07C2/66 ,  B01J29/06 ,  B01J29/7057 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  C07C6/126 ,  C07C7/12 ,  C07C15/073 ,  C07C2529/08 ,  C07C2529/70 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  Y02P20/588 ,  C07C15/04

Abstract: Alkylation systems and methods of minimizing alkylation catalyst regeneration are described herein. The alkylation systems generally include a preliminary alkylation system adapted to receive an input stream including an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon and contact the input stream with a preliminary alkylation catalyst disposed therein to form a first output stream. The preliminary alkylation catalyst generally includes a zeolite catalyst having a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of less than about 25. The alkylation systems further include a first alkylation system adapted to receive the first output stream and contact the first output stream with a first alkylation catalyst disposed therein and an alkylating agent to form a second output stream.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了使烷基化催化剂再生最小化的烷基化系统和方法。 烷基化系统通常包括适于接收包含烷基芳族烃的输入流并将输入流与设置在其中的预置烷基化催化剂接触以形成第一输出流的初步烷基化系统。 初步烷基化催化剂通常包括SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3比小于约25的沸石催化剂。烷基化系统还包括适于接收第一输出流并将第一输出流与置于其中的第一烷基化催化剂接触的第一烷基化系统 和烷基化剂以形成第二输出流。