摘要:
A throttle valve control system for a vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine, whereby engine operating parameters relating to engine load are detected, and a target value of a first engine operating parameter is established in accordance with an engine rotational speed, for example a target value which will endure minimum fuel consumption. The throttle valve is driven towards a control opening angle which is determined such as to reduce an amount of deviation of an actual value of the first engine operating parameter from the target value, but is held below an upper limit opening angle which is determined in accordance with an engine operating parameter.
摘要:
A throttle valve control apparatus for a vehicle engine, whereby a reference degree of opening of the throttle valve is derived based on the accelerator pedal actuation position and is then corrected in accordance with vehicle operating conditions to obtain a target degree of opening of the throttle valve. An upper limit opening degree and a lower limit opening degree of the throttle valve are also derived, and if the target opening degree, which is obtained on the basis of the vehicle operating conditions, is found to be greater than the upper limit opening degree, then the upper limit opening degree is used as the target opening degree. Similarly, if the target opening degree, which is determined from the vehicle operating conditions, is less than the lower limit opening degree, then the lower limit opening degree is used as the target opening degree. The throttle valve is driven at a controlled drive speed so as to reduce any deviation between the actual degree of opening and the target degree of opening of the throttle valve.
摘要:
In a hydraulic transmission comprising: an input shaft connected to a flywheel of a crankshaft of an engine through a rotary container of a centrifugal oil filter; and an oil supply pump adapted to be driven by the input shaft, wherein the rotary container has its inside communicating at one side with a discharge port of the supply pump and at the other with a transmission oil circuit, a shock absorbing system characterized: in that a torque absorbing member is interposed between the rotary container connected to the input shaft and a thrust plate fitted rotatably on the outer circumference of the container, the torque absorbing member being adapted to be deformed in response to the relative rotations of the two; and in that the thrust plate is connected the flywheel.
摘要:
A method for producing an active silicic acid solution in which the existing amount of foreign matters as plate-like fine particles is reduced and a method for producing a silica sol in which such foreign matters are reduced. The method fulfills the following condition: the existing amount of plate-like fine particles having a length of one side of 0.2 to 4.0 μm and a thickness of 1 to 100 nm is measured to be 0% to 30% in accordance with measuring method A, the method including the steps of: preparing an active silicic acid solution by subjecting an alkali silicate aqueous solution having a silica concentration of 0.5% by mass to 10.0% by mass to cation-exchange to remove alkaline components; and filtering the active silicic acid solution through a filter whose removal rate of particles having a primary particle size of 1.0 μm is 50% or more.
摘要:
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide a magnetic head slider which includes a magnetic recording/reproducing element and a heater which are formed in an air outflow end surface of a slider. The heater includes a heating portion, terminal portions extending from both ends of the heating portion, and lead portions overlapping the respective terminal portions at an overlap ratio of approximately 50% or more.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.
摘要:
(a) The luminance levels of the optical black part pixels included in the output signal of an image sensor are detected and digitized, (b) the digitized luminance levels of the optical black part pixels are averaged, (c) the number of pixels on which averaging is performed is counted, (d) a control signal is generated when the count value of the number of pixels reaches a predetermined value, (e) the black level of the output signal of the image sensor is determined from the averaged luminance level in response to the control signal, and (f) the luminance levels of the effective part pixels included in the output signal of the image sensor whose black level is determined are detected and digitized.
摘要:
A front-end signal processing circuit that stabilizes a black level of an output signal of an image sensor in a prescribed set level, without being influenced by a DC offset component of circuit elements making up a feedback loop, and an imaging device including such the front-end signal processing circuit, are provided. The front-end signal processing circuit includes a feedback loop made up of a luminance detecting/digitizing section and a black level clamp section, and clamps a black level of an output signal of an image sensor to a prescribed set level. The front-end signal processing circuit further includes an offset correction section. The offset correction section stores an offset value being a difference between a signal level of an OB region of the image sensor and the prescribed level, subtracts the offset value from a digital luminance signal corresponding to an effective pixel region of the image sensor, and outputs the obtained signal.
摘要:
An information processing system according to the present invention judges whether or not an interruption accepted at a local processor for input/output control is to be terminated with the processing at the local processor only and if, the interruption is not to be terminated with such processing at the local processor only, notifies the main processor CPU of an interruption. Upon receipt of such interruption notice, the main processor CPU accesses the data area to store the input/output control information in local processor to prepare input/output control information. Then, the CPU of the main processor requests the input/output control section of the local processor to perform processing.
摘要:
In a continuously variable speed transmission having a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic closed circuit hydraulically connecting the pump with the motor, a control apparatus has a slip sensor for detecting slip of the driving wheels and a hydraulic control apparatus for lowering hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic closed circuit in accordance with magnitude of the slip of the wheels in such a way that the driving force of the driving wheels is reduced so as to be less than a slip limit force, the slip of the driving wheels being increased when the driving force applied to the driving wheels exceeds the slip limit force.