摘要:
A thin-film solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency has an active region for photoelectric conversion including a doped layer formed in a laminated structure with a non-crystal layer and a layer of microcrystal mixtures.
摘要:
A television sound receiver includes an input terminal for selectively receiving a television sound signal from one or more broadcasting stations and a home television apparatus, a tuner, having a local oscillator, connected to the input terminal, an intercarrier sound demodulating circuit connected to the tuner, a split-carrier sound demodulating circuit, including a limiter amplifier, connected to the tuner, a sound signal output terminal, and switching circuitry for selectively and operatively connecting the intercarrier or split-carrier sound demodulating circuit between the tuner and sound signal output terminal. Additionally the receiver includes an error detector connected to the split-carrier sound demodulating circuit for detecting the frequency error of the tuner local oscillator and a first operational circuit responsive to the output signal from the error detector which produces a first operational output signal whereby the output signal therefrom activates the switching circuitry such that the split-carrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and the sound signal output terminal when the output signal from the error detector is less than a predetermined level. Control circuitry is provided which supplies a signal to activate the switching circuitry such that the intercarrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and sound signal output terminal whenever the home television apparatus is operatively connected to the input terminal. A second operational circuit is also provided which is responsive to output signals from a pair of level detectors which are connected to the limiter amplifier. An output signal supplied from the second operational circuit activates the switching circuitry such that the intercarrier sound demodulating circuit is operatively connected between the tuner and the sound signal output terminal when the output signals from the level detectors are below a predetermined value.
摘要:
An oscillating circuit provides first and second reference signals having a phase difference of 90.degree. with respect to each other. The oscillating circuit includes an oscillator providing the first reference signal at an output thereof, a voltage-to-current converting circuit, which may incorporate a common-base transistor, and a capacitor connected between the output of the oscillator and an input of the converting circuit. The output of the converting circuit then provides the second reference signal which differs in phase by 90.degree. from the first reference signal. The oscillator may include differentially connected transistors and an LC resonant circuit.
摘要:
A tungsten carbide-base sintered alloy is disclosed, which has a compact three-phase structure consisted of a grain phase of a metal carbide composed mainly of tungsten carbide, a grain covering layer phase of a complex carbo-nitride of titanium and a metal element composed mainly of tungsten in the metal carbide, and a bonding phase composed mainly of nickel and which exhibits very high hardness and high-wear-resistance properties.
摘要:
Disclosed is an excellent gas barrier laminate whose gas-barrier property has little dependency on temperature and which hardly causes fracture even when the laminate is stretched. A gas barrier film comprising a polymer (A) of an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound monovalent metal salt (a), wherein the polymer (A) contains a modified vinyl alcohol polymer (B); a gas barrier laminate comprising a base layer and the gas barrier film formed on at least one surface of the base layer; and a method for production of a gas barrier laminate comprising the steps of: coating a solution of an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound monovalent metal salt (a) having a polymerization degree less than 20 on at least one surface of a base layer, wherein the solution contains a modified vinyl alcohol polymer (B); performing the polymerization to form a layer of the polymer (A) of the unsaturated carboxylic acid compound monovalent metal salt (a) containing the modified vinyl alcohol polymer (B).
摘要:
Disclosed is an excellent gas barrier laminate whose gas-barrier property has little dependency on temperature and which hardly causes fracture even when the laminate is stretched. A gas barrier film comprising a polymer (A) of an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound monovalent metal salt (a), wherein the polymer (A) contains a modified vinyl alcohol polymer (B); a gas barrier laminate comprising a base layer and the gas barrier film formed on at least one surface of the base layer; and a method for production of a gas barrier laminate comprising the steps of: coating a solution of an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound monovalent metal salt (a) having a polymerization degree less than 20 on at least one surface of a base layer, wherein the solution contains a modified vinyl alcohol polymer (B); performing the polymerizaton to form a layer of the polymer (A) of the unsaturated carboxylic acid compound monovalent metal salt (a) containing the modified vinyl alcohol polymer (B).
摘要:
The invention provides a fluoroethercarboxylic acid which is represented by the general formula (I): Rf1OCHFCF2ORf2COOM (I) wherein Rf1 represents a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group, which may optionally be interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms, Rf2 represents a partially or fully fluorinated alkylene group, which may optionally be interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms, and M represents a monovalent alkali metal, NH4 or H. The fluoroethercarboxylic acid can be suitably used as a surfactant and is low in bioaccumulation. The invention is also a method of fluoropolymer production and an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion, using the fluoroethercarboxylic acid as a surfactant.
摘要:
A phosphazene-supported catalyst in which a support is bonded to a group represented by the general formula (1): wherein n, Zn−, a, b, c, d, R, R1 and D are all defined. The phosphazene-supported catalyst is highly effective to catalyze various organic reactions, and further has no reduction of activity even after recovery and reuse of the catalyst, thus it being economically advantageous. In addition, the polymerization of cyclic monomers, substitution of substituents, carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and the like can be conducted with extremely high efficiency.
摘要:
A submarine boat is provided on which a hydrogen generating device which can supply hydrogen easily to a hydrogen storing means and can generate a hydrogen-containing gas at a low temperature is loaded. A submarine boat provided with a fuel cell (30) for power generation by supply of hydrogen and oxidizing agent, a hydrogen generating device (10) for generating a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell, and propelling device driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell, characterized in that the hydrogen generating device is to generate a gas containing hydrogen by decomposing a fuel containing an organic compound, comprising a partition membrane (11), a fuel electrode (12) provided on one surface of the partition membrane, means (16) for supplying a fuel containing the organic compound and water to the fuel electrode, an oxidizing electrode (14) provided on the other surface of the partition membrane, means (17) for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode, and means for generating and collecting the gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode. There are cases: (1) the hydrogen generating device is an open circuit having neither means for withdrawing electric energy to outside from a hydrogen generating cell constituting the hydrogen generating device, nor means for providing electric energy from outside to the hydrogen generating cell; (2) the hydrogen generating device has means for withdrawing electric energy to outside with the fuel electrode serving as a negative electrode and the oxidizing electrode as a positive electrode; and (3) the hydrogen generating device has means for providing electric energy from outside with the fuel electrode serving as cathode and the oxidizing electrode as anode.
摘要:
A ceramic heater in which a damage in a joining portion between a heating portion and a lead portion is suppressed and the reliability is excellent is provided. In a ceramic heater (1) including: a rod-shaped support (2) which is made from an insulative ceramic; and a resistor member (3) including a heating portion (31) embedded in a tip end part of the support (2), and a pair of lead portions (33) which extend from the heating portion (31) toward a rear end side of the support (2), the heating portion (31) and the lead portions (33) are made from the same conductive ceramic.