Abstract:
A method of finding an unknown value from within a range of values is disclosed that divides the range into weighted subranges and then, beginning with an arbitrary search value within the range, performs a number of simple comparisons to determine the value for each subrange that will result in a match with the target value. This method can also detect those cases where the target value lies outside the range. In one embodiment, the method of finding an unknown value within a range of values is applied to impedance matching. In this embodiment, the output impedance of a pin on an integrated circuit is automatically matched to the impedance of the load connected to it. The output driver has a controllable impedance that can be adjusted within a specific range of impedances to match the external load impedance it is to drive.
Abstract:
An SRAM memory cell is provided having a pair of cross-coupled CMOS inverters. The sources of the pull-up transistors forming each of the CMOS inverters are coupled to VCC through parasitic resistance of the substrate in which each is formed. The source of the p-type pull-up transistor is therefore always at a potential less than or equal to the potential of the N-well such that the emitter-base junction of the parasitic PNP transistor cannot become forward biased and latch-up cannot occur.
Abstract:
An optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) adapted to route optical signals having at least two different bit rates. The OADM has at least two sets of DWDM channels, e.g., with channels in a first set having a first bandwidth value suitable for the transmission of 10-Gb/s signals and channels in a second set having a second bandwidth value suitable for the transmission of 40-Gb/s signals. The first and second sets occupy two different spectral bands and the first set has two subsets of interleaved channels. In one embodiment, the OADM has first and second optical branches adapted to process optical signals corresponding to first and second groups of channels, respectively. The first group includes a first subset from the first set while the second group includes the second set and a second subset from the first set. Advantageously, OADMs of the invention may be used to create independent processing paths for different groups of channels. As a result, a communication system having those OADMs can be upgraded, e.g., to add a new 40-Gb/s service and/or to populate additional 10-Gb/s channels substantially without interrupting the 10-Gb/s service already in place.
Abstract:
A tester for testing components of a communication system, such as an optical communication system is disclosed. The tester may utilize a testing method to test a communication component (e.g. a cable or repeater) by stressing a test signal. The tester may utilize external transmitters and external receivers in order to implement the test in a similar communication environment as the tested communication components normally operate.
Abstract:
A system and method for bit error rate testing optical components comprises providing an optical testing unit, which measures a bit error rate of an optical device under test (DUT) over an operating range of the DUT. The optical testing unit includes an optical transmitter, which transmits an optical test signal that is transmitted to the DUT; an optical receiver, which receives an input signal from the DUT; a graphical user interface, which provides an interface with a user; and a controller, selectively coupled to the transmitter, the receiver and the graphical user interface, wherein the controller provides a central control of the transmitter, the receiver and the graphical user interface.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for making carbon/carbon composite disks for braking applications that employs a continuous feeding of fiber strands into a mold. The fibers are then compressed to form a mat or preform. The fibers are then needled such that the fibers within the mat interlock and extend in various directions. The mat or preform is then subjected to densification processing. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the densification process and/or to speed up the processing time, a filler is added to the preform during the manufacturing process. The fillers are added by way of a dry powder or as a liquid slurry. The filler may be aluminum oxide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, pitch, or a variety of carbonic or noncarbonic performance enhancers.
Abstract:
A program, system and method for decoding a packed representation of multiple parses that creates an unpacked forest to be read by a semantic interpretation module from a packed representation is provided. The packaged representation includes at least one edgenode and each edgenode includes a substitution list. A current forest object is created and is replicated for each edgenode having a substitution list containing greater than one edgenode. Each replica of the current forest object is updated with one of the edgenodes from the substitution list. Each edgenode of the packed representation is traversed using a depth-first traversal.
Abstract:
A method for the automatic provisioning of a network element (NE) includes receiving a client signal at a tunable optical translator (OT) in the NE, determining the set of channels supported by the OT that are able to correspond to the client signal, eliminating the channels that have connections, that may be present on a line side of the NE in a laser off scan process, or that have not been equipped or otherwise provisioned for transmission, tuning the OT to each of the remaining channels and determining the optical power level of each channel on a line side of the NE in a laser on scan process. Subsequently, the channel with the highest power level is selected to transmit the client signal and associations for a point to point connection for that channel are added for that OT to a database of associations for the NE.
Abstract:
A method of making recombinant plant cells having reduced variability of expression of foreign genes therein is described herein. The method comprises (a) providing a plant cell capable of regeneration; and (b) transforming the plant cell with a DNA construct comprising an expression cassette, which construct comprises a transcription initiation region, a structural gene positioned downstream from the transcription initiation region and operatively associated therewith, and an insulator (or "boundary element") positioned (i) 5' to the transcription initiation region, (ii) 3' to the structural gene, or (iii) both 5' to the transcription initiation region and 3' to the structural gene. DNA constructs useful for carrying out the method and plant cells and plants produced by the method are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A cup-holder is provided for portable use at football games, theaters, or the like. The cup-holder is securely fastened to a top surface of an arm rest of a seat at the game. The holder includes a base having flat top and bottom surfaces. The bottom surface of the base rests flush against the seat arm rest or may fit over the arm rest. The top of the base is flat to allow the user to rest his/her arm thereon. The holder includes a cup receptacle formed from adjacent, contiguous rings which are separated with a flexible bridge. VELCRO fastening tape straps are used to secure the holder to the arm rest. Also, the top surface of the base may include indicia such as a team logo, name, team schedule, etc.