Abstract:
The methods practiced in an electrochemical deposition apparatus with two or more electrodes, described in earlier inventions, are disclosed. The methods produce uniform copper films with WFNU less than 2.5% on semiconductor wafers bearing a resistive copper seed layer with a thickness ranging from 50 to 9O0 A in a copper sulfate based electrolyte whose conductivity is between 0.02 to 0.8 S/cm.
Abstract:
An apparatus and associated method for enclosing an environment-sensitive component. An enclosure separates an interior environment inside the enclosure from an external environment outside the enclosure. The enclosure has an environmental control system that captures a contaminant from the internal environment to a filter via a first diffusion path, and captures the contaminant from the external environment to the same filter via a different second diffusion path, the diffusion paths providing substantially different flow resistances to fluids carrying the contaminants to the filter via the respective diffusion paths.
Abstract:
The invention discloses a low-cost apparatus for chemical solution preparation with controlled process parameters such as chemical age, temperature, yield of active ingredients at the point of use. In addition, this apparatus provides chamber-to-chamber consistency on these parameters across multiple processing chambers on a single wafer wet-clean system. The invention also discloses a method to use chemical solution mixture resident time to achieve optimal combined effect of temperature, reactivity and yield of active ingredients of chemical solution mixture for best wafer treatment results.
Abstract:
To determine if a pixel exhibits artifacts, statistics are generated for the pixel and its neighbors. These statistics are compared with thresholds. If the comparison of the statistics and the thresholds suggests that the pixel exhibits a pixel artifact, then recourse can be taken, either to adjust the pixel value in some way, or to reject the angle of interpolation used in computing the value for the target pixel.
Abstract:
A collaboration system and method via computer is provided. The collaboration system comprises a computing platform for storing an identifier, address and other information associated with at least one object; at least one service connector for communicating with a service using the identifier, address of the at least one object to interact with the service for the information associated with the object and transfer the information to the computing platform; and at least one tool for communicating with the computing platform to exchange the information associated with the object. According to the present invention, a tool may display the current information of a remote object. The tool does not necessarily have the capability to communicate with different remote services. Therefore, user might concentrate on the collaboration object and tools.
Abstract:
Instant messaging communications are controlled using themes. A theme is a definition of properties and features of a specific instance of an instant messaging communications environment. Themes are stored at a server computer and may be requested by users of a client computer. Themes may be made available to users based on enterprise policies established by the owner of the server computer. Once downloaded to the client computer, a theme may be personalized by the user of the client computer provided personalization is consistent with the enterprise policy. Inheritance techniques may be used to provide personalized themes that remain consistent with enterprise policy while extending functions not defined in the enterprise policy. A user may select different themes manually. Alternatively, theme selection may be automated based on system detection of events such as time of day, user location, availability of network connections and the like. Changes in a downloaded theme may be returned to and stored by the server for future use by the user of the client computer.
Abstract:
To interpolate a value for a pixel, multiple patterns are selected. Each pattern is used to determine a pixel angle. One of the determined pixel angles is then selected based on the reliability of the pixel angles. The selected pixel angle can be selected based on its reliability irrespective of the reliability of other pixel angles. The selected pixel angle can then be used to interpolate a value for the target pixel. Dynamic thresholds can be computed for use in either determining a pixel angle for a given pattern, or to select the pixel angle from the available determined pixel angles.
Abstract:
An X-ray device which is especially applicable to the X-ray imaging for child at the age of 0-3 is provided. The X-ray device can use the X-ray tube (10) which uses the molybdemun target or rhodium target (12) to produce the soft X-ray by the tube voltage between 25 and 50 kV. The synchronous-exposing equipment contained in the X-ray device may identify the still status and the breath, pulse status suitable for exposure of the child, automatically select the optimal exposing time so that it can acquire a clear X-ray image through only one X-ray exposure, thus prevent the human body from the needless X-ray radiation caused by the multiple X-ray exposures, and also improve the service efficiency of the equipment.
Abstract:
A handheld device (12) integrates personal information scheduler (252) with a program list view (250) selection and operation of a wide variety of media devices. Specifically, the handheld device (12) includes a database containing program content downloaded during the vertical blanking interval (VBI) or from the Internet (174). Viewing the EPG database and personal calendar simultaneously, the user incorporates program into his/her personal schedule for viewing or recording. Further, the device is capable of analyzing usage patterns to set defaults of the handheld device, and other devices under its control, according to user preferences.