摘要:
In a projection exposure apparatus used in lithography process for transferring a predetermined pattern formed on a reflection type mask onto a photosensitive substrate, the reflection mask and the substrate are moved relative to each other by a scanning driver, and the illumination optical system located between a radiation light source and the reflection mask includes a field stop located near a position conjugate with the reflection mask. In another embodiment a scanning driver changes the positional relationship between the reflection mask and the projection optical system, or/and between the substrate and the projection optical system. In another embodiment an image of the field stop is formed on the reflection mask by a relay optical system, preferably a catoptric system, forming the predetermined pattern. The projection optical system located between the reflection mask and the substrate directs the light reflected from the mask to the substrate, and illuminance distribution of the light on the exposure area of the substrate is adjustable by changing the position of reflection optical elements located along the optical path of the radiation light in the illumination optical system.
摘要:
A map display apparatus for a motor vehicle comprising: road map storage device which stores road map data relating to a road map; a display device capable of displaying the road map; bird's-eye view data converting circuit which converts the road map data into bird's-eye view data so that a bird's-eye view taken by obliquely looking down the road map from above is displayed on the display device; and display control circuit which displays a plurality of grid lines such that the grid lines are superposed on the bird's-eye view.
摘要:
An aminobenzoic acid derivative represented by the following general formulas (I), (I-2) or (I-3), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, which exhibits a serotonin antagonism and an acetylcholine release accelerating activity at a well-balanced activity ratio and which is efficacious as a drug for patients with gastrointestinal unindentified complaints: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a group such as an alkynyl or cyanoalkyl group; R.sup.2 represents a group such as an amino or acylamino group; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom; X represents --O-- or --NH--; and A represents an oxygen or sulfur atom.
摘要:
An illumination apparatus for uniformly illuminating an illuminated object surface. The apparatus comprises light source means for supplying an illumination light beam having parallel rays, an optical integrator for forming a plurality of beams from the illumination light beam from said light source means, a condenser optical system for converging the plurality of beams from said optical integrator to illuminate the illuminated object surface in a superimposed manner, and an optical member having a light quantity attenuator for transmitting said illumination light beam so as to attenuate a light quantity of said illumination light beam by a predetermined amount, said optical member being located at or in the vicinity of a position conjugate with said illuminated object surface.
摘要:
A self-commutated static var compensator and a method is used for stabilizing a power system by controlling an output of a self-commutated converter for receiving/supplying power from/to the power system. A constant system voltage maintaining controller calculates a first target value signal of the reactive current in accordance with a difference between a reference voltage and a voltage detected by a voltage detector, and a reactive current controller generates a second target value signal of the reactive current in accordance with a difference between the first target value signal of the reactive current and a detected current. A converter controller applies a gate driving pulse to the self-commutated converter in response to the second target value signal of the reactive current and second target value signal of the active current. A loss reduction circuit stops the gate driving pulse corresponding to the second target value of the reactive current from being supplied to the gate of the self-commutated converter when reactive power output from the self-commutated converter is close to zero.
摘要:
A method for continuous casting of a slab comprises feeding molten steel into a mold through exit ports of an immersion nozzle and controlling a stream of the molten steel by means of an electromagnetic stirrer having a linearly shifting magnetic field. The direction of the linearly shifting magnetic field is toward the immersion nozzle, which is positioned at the center of the mold from a pair of narrow sides of the mold. A first frequency control step controls a frequency of a wave of the shifting magnetic field to be higher than a threshold frequency, wherein the wave has a period equal to the time during which the stream of the molten steel poured from the immersion nozzle passes through an area to which the linearly shifting magnetic field is introduced, said area having an upper limit and a lower limit. A second control step controls the frequency of the wave of the linearly shifting magnetic field to be low enough such that the magnetic fluxes of the linearly shifting magnetic field are of a density high enough to apply a braking force to the molten steel.
摘要:
Image forming equipment for applying heat to a charged image carrier to attenuate part of the potential of the image carrier in order to form a latent image on the image carrier. The surface of a dielectric image carrier is charged by a charger and a thermal print head is driven in response to image information in order to form a latent image on the charged surface of the image carrier. A developing roller applies a liquid developer to the latent image and presses it against the portion where the potential has been lowered. The resulting toner image formed on the image carrier is fixed on a paper sheet fed from a paper feeding device or is directly fixed on the image carrier. The image carrier is formed of polyethylene terephthalate or a mixture of polybutylene terephthalate and silicon dioxide.
摘要:
A copier, printer, facsimile apparatus or similar image forming apparatus made up of components each being constructed into a unit and connected to the others by external arrangements. The apparatus has a base unit accommodating an electric control device, a paper feeding unit removably mounted on the base unit, and an image forming unit for forming an image and recording it on a paper sheet. The base unit, paper feeding unit, and image forming unit may be combined in any desired configuration to construct an image recording apparatus capable of performing any desired kind of image forming procedure.
摘要:
An ink transferring printing mechanism includes an ink sheet having a resistance layer, a conductive layer and an ink layer which are stacked in this order, and a recording head. The recording head has a plurality of recording electrodes arranged in a line, each of which corresponds to a pixel in the image, a preheating electrode and a feedback electrode, each of said recording electrodes being positioned between the preheating electrode and the feedback electrode, at least each of the recording electrodes and the preheating electrode being integrated and stratified. Each of the recording electrodes, the preheating electrode and the feedback electrode are respectively in contact with the resistance layer of the ink sheet. A recording current corresponding to image information is supplied to each of the recording electrodes and a preheating current is supplied to the preheating electrode.
摘要:
A printing device suitable for printing on a record medium for use in an overhead projector (OHP) prints at a density controlled as a function of the type of an OHP (transmission type of reflection type) in which the record medium will be used, and/or as a function of the distance from the OHP to the screen. The device can use a transfer printing type print head, in which case the density control can be achieved by means of amplitude or pulse width modulation of the electrical signal energizing the print head or by means of controlling the number or short energization pulses to be applied to the print head.